Used laboratory equipment for sale (692)

Year of construction: 2025, condition: used, Pall Emflon PFR 30” Filter - 1 of 19 available Ffsdpfsxv Azysx Ag Dow New in Original Packaging Expiry date 23rd Feb 2026 hence 80% discount from Labshop prices Overview & Purpose - The Emflon® PFR / PFRW filter cartridges from Pall are sterilizing‑grade hydrophobic PTFE membrane filters designed for air and gas (vent & compressed gas) sterilization applications. +2 - They are used to provide a sterile barrier by removing microorganisms (bacteria, phages) and particulates from gas streams that contact sensitive process equipment or product. +2 - The filters are designed for repeated use, in situ steam sterilization, and validation / integrity testing

Condition: used, This listing is for the Life Technologies Invitrogen Power Ease 500 Electrophoresis Power supply The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release he Invitrogen PowerEase 500 is a high-performance, programmable electrophoresis power supply, specially designed for use with mini gel electrophoresis systems. It offers robust features tailored for precision, convenience, and safety in protein and nucleic acid gel electrophoresis applications. External Dimensions (W × D × H): 16.5 × 27 × 20 cm Weight: 2.9 kg (6.4 lbs) Features & Functionality Designed for Mini Gels: Optimized for use with mini gel electrophoresis setups. LCD Display: 240 × 128 pixel interface displaying real-time run data. Parallel Port Connectivity: Can be connected to most printers with a parallel port for printing detailed run logs. Run Data Logging: Displays number of gels, current, voltage, power, and temperature during operation. Pre-Programmed Modes: 8 pre-set methods specifically for Novex™ gels 4 user-defined custom methods Multiple Gel Support: Up to 10 Tris-Glycine gels (5 mini-cells) Up to 2 NuPAGE™ gels (1 mini-cell) Up to 6 NuPAGE™ Tris-Acetate gels (3 mini-cells) Control Modes: Constant voltage, constant current, and constant power modes. Safety Protections: Open/short circuit, thermal overload, overvoltage, and overcurrent safeguards. Programmability: Stores up to 16 custom user protocols. Linear Voltage Ramp: Instantaneous voltage ramping capability. Optional Temperature Probe: Supports thermal shutoff with probe. Usage & Maintenance Tips Cold Room Usage: LCD may fade at low temperatures but returns to normal once warmed. Regular Cleaning: Prevent salt deposits by occasional cleaning. Safety: Avoid connecting/disconnecting leads while the high-voltage indicator is active. Fjdpfx Aexv A N Rog Dofw

Condition: used, This listing is for the Labnet Spectrafuge 24D centrifuge The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Spectrafuge 24D is a compact benchtop centrifuge designed for the efficient separation of a wide range of research samples. Its small footprint makes it ideal for laboratories with limited bench space, while offering the performance and flexibility needed for micro-volume processing. Key Specifications Maximum Speed: Up to 13,300 rpm Maximum RCF (Relative Centrifugal Force): 16,300 × g Capacity: 24 x 1.5/2.0 mL microcentrifuge tubes Motor: Brushless—requires no routine maintenance Timer: Adjustable from 1 to 30 minutes; supports continuous or pulse operation Rotor Type: Easy-access 24-place aluminum rotor, included Adapters Available: For tubes smaller than 1.5 mL (0.5 mL, 0.4 mL, 0.2 mL) Cooling System: Multi-flow air cooling; maintains ambient temperature and is safe for use in cold rooms Control Interface: Digital microprocessor with LED displays; parameters set using two intuitive smart knobs Ffsdpfxexv Dhne Ag Dow Memory Function: Remembers last run settings Quiet Operation: Engineered for minimal noise Dimensions: 23.5 x 29.2 x 21.6 cm Weight: 8.1 kg Power Supply Options: 120V, 50/60 Hz, 200W, 2.6A (North America) 100V, 50/60 Hz, 190W, 2.7A (Japan) 230V, 50/60 Hz, 170W, 1.2A (Europe/UK)

Condition: used, This listing is for the Thermo Scientific™ F1-ClipTip™ 12-Channel Pipette The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Thermo Scientific™ F1-ClipTip™ 12-Channel Pipette is a high-precision manual pipette designed for efficient and reproducible liquid handling in laboratory settings. It features Thermo Fisher's innovative ClipTip™ technology, ensuring secure tip attachment and ejection without the need for forceful insertion or removal. Key Features Number of Channels: 12 Volume (Metric): 30 to 850 μL Increments: 1 μL Compatible Tips: ClipTip 1000 Color: Blue Model: Bluetooth* (see description section below for more details) Programmability: Yes Type: 96 format (designed for 96-well plate applications) Volume Range: 30 to 850 μL (with the ClipTip 1000) Tip Attachment: Tips lock securely in place with a light touch and remain sealed until intentionally ejected Ergonomic Design: Lightweight handle with a 120° adjustable finger rest for both right- and left-handed users Volume Adjustment: Secure volume lock to prevent drift during operation Warranty: Industry-leading lifetime warranty with convenient online registration Certifications: CE-marked in accordance with IVD Directive in Europe; manufactured according to ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and ISO 13485 standards Applications Ideal for applications requiring high precision and reproducibility, such as: Genomics and proteomics Ffodpfxjxv Di Ee Ag Djw Microplate assays Cell culture and drug discovery High-throughput screening

Condition: used, This listing is for a SLS Select Vortex Mixer. Fedpfexv Dlaex Ag Defw The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release The SLS Lab Basics Vortex Mixer offers variable speed from 0 to 2500 rpm. Electronic speed control ensures the speed is maintained at all times, even during changes of load and features continuous and touch operation. The unit is in good cosmetic and operating condition

Condition: used, This listing is for a single Pall (Now part of Cytiva) CSUH 040 Feed Retentate The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Designed for optimum performance and product recovery, Centramate™ TFF cassette holders, part of the Pall filtration portfolio, are available in a variety of sizes to meet your application requirements. These holders support efficient concentration, purification, and buffer exchange of biomolecules, making them ideal for small batch production, process development, and Phase I clinical studies. Fodpfxsxv Dlyo Ag Djfw Identical fluid path lengths ensure precise linear scale-up to larger process systems. Tool-free cassette removal simplifies workflows—no need to disassemble system plumbing. Available in: 316L Stainless Steel (Centramate system) for robust, high-performance applications. Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (PE) (Centramate PE system) for a more economical yet durable alternative. A variety of membrane types and screen options are available for system versatility and application-specific performance.

Condition: used, This listing is for the BioBase BNP32/BNP48 Nucleic Acid Extraction System The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The BNP32/BNP48 system is a fully automated clinical nucleic acid extraction platform that delivers walk-away automation, designed to minimize user intervention and reduce extraction-to-extraction variability. Ideal for both clinical and research settings, it ensures consistent performance and high-quality purified eluates. In addition to efficient nucleic acid extraction, the system offers: Onboard primary-sample handling Mixed-batch sampling Support for up to 32 or 48 samples per run, depending on the model Key Features Sample Capacity: Up to 32 (BNP32) or 48 (BNP48) samples per run Sample Volume: 20–500 µL per sample Processing Volume: 60–1000 µL Fsdpfsxv Dl Hjx Ag Dofw Extraction Time: 8–60 minutes per round, depending on reagents Magnetic Bead Recovery: Greater than 98% Reagent Compatibility: Open system compatible with magnetic bead-based reagents Temperature Control: 8 independent heating modules with customizable lysis/elution temperatures Mixing Modes: Oscillating mixing (low/medium/high speeds) Program Storage: Stores up to 50,000 programs; USB import/export supported Touch Screen: 7-inch user-friendly interface Safety Features: Auto-pause on door opening, resumes upon closure

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Fisher Scientific A500PV Laboratory Refrigerator Fodexv Dn Iepfx Ag Defw The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release

Condition: used, This listing is for the Hirshmann Pipette Pipette Filler Ffodpfexv Dqcjx Ag Dow The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Enables exact meniscus configuration through fine dispensing valves with valve pins made of ceramic compound. Hirschmann Instruments™ Pipetus™ Pipet Filler charges and dispenses medium at the press of a button. An exact and continuously adjustable pumping and suctioning speed can be selected for both filling and venting within five precisely harmonised performance stages.

Condition: used, This listing is for the Gilson PIPETMAN P5000 500-5000uL Single Channel Pipette. Colour-code Purple The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Ffjdpfx Asxv Dqpsg Dew Patented volume locking system preventing accidental changing of volume setting Adjustable tip ejector button to adapt to both right- and left-handed users Clip mechanism allows easy and safe removal of tip ejector Lowest pipetting forces on the market give increased comfort even when pipetting for long periods GLP features include 2-D bar code for traceability

Condition: used, This listing is for the PIPETMAN L P10mL 1-10mL Colour-code Light Blue The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Patented volume locking system preventing accidental changing of volume setting Adjustable tip ejector button to adapt to both right- and left-handed users Clip mechanism allows easy and safe removal of tip ejector Lowest pipetting forces on the market give increased comfort even when pipetting for long periods Ffsdpfxsxv Dq No Ag Dow GLP features include 2-D bar code for traceability

Condition: used, This listing is for the Gilson PIPETMAN P20 2-20uL Single Channel Pipette Light Orange 535744 Colour-code Orange Fjdpjxv Drgefx Ag Djfw The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Patented volume locking system preventing accidental changing of volume setting Adjustable tip ejector button to adapt to both right- and left-handed users Clip mechanism allows easy and safe removal of tip ejector Lowest pipetting forces on the market give increased comfort even when pipetting for long periods GLP features include 2-D bar code for traceability

Condition: used, This listing is for the Pipetman Gilson P200 50-200 Yellow Pipette The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate useT The PIPETMAN Classic line, the world standard in pipetting, offers a wide range of continuously adjustable air-displacement pipettes suited for aqueous solutions of moderate viscosity and density. The PIPETMAN Classic line is available in eight single channel models covering a range of volumes from 0.2 µL to 10 mL. Ffjdpfx Agexv Dtkj Djw

Condition: used, This listing is for a Grant QBD1 Digital Dry Block Heater. (1 of 2 available) The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. Discover the precision and efficiency of the Grant QBD1 Digital Dry Block Heater, designed to meet the rigorous demands of modern laboratories. This high-precision heating system offers exceptional temperature control, making it ideal for a variety of applications, including enzyme digestions, nucleic acid hybridizations, and general laboratory tasks. Key Features: Wide Temperature Range: Operates from ambient +5°C to 130°C, providing versatility for various heating needs. Single Block Position: Equipped with one removable and interchangeable block, allowing for easy customization based on your specific requirements. Digital Temperature Control: Enjoy precise temperature management with stability and uniformity of ±0.1°C, ensuring reliable results every time. Fjdpfx Agjxv Dvle Defw Rapid Heat-Up Time: Quickly reaches your desired temperature, enhancing workflow efficiency in busy lab environments. Integral Timer Function: Optional external probe capability allows for accurate in-sample or in-block temperature monitoring. Technical Specifications: Dimensions: 200 x 240 x 120 mm (w x d x h) Robust and Compact Design: Features a contemporary design and includes a block extraction tool for safe and easy block removal. Benefits: High Precision: Achieve consistent and accurate heating for sensitive experiments. User-Friendly: The intuitive design ensures ease of use, making it suitable for both experienced and novice lab personnel. Durable Construction: Built to withstand the demands of daily laboratory use, ensuring long-lasting performance. Elevate your laboratory's capabilities with the Grant QBD1 Digital Dry Block Heater. Experience unmatched precision and reliability, making it an essential tool for any scientific setting.

Condition: used, This listing is for a Grant Instruments QBD2 Heatblock. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Grant QBD / QBH series are a versatile range of high quality digital dry block heating systems with excellent temperature control and a wide choice of interchangeable blocks for maximum flexibility. The outstanding performance of the QBD / QBH series is based on advanced digital temperature control combined with high quality, precision-engineered blocks providing excellent thermal contact. The result is accurate, reproducible and safe heating of your samples. Ffodpfx Agjxv Dwps Dow There is a full range of models and options to cater for basic through to more sophisticated applications - choose from three digital systems with 1, 2 or 4 interchangeable blocks (QBD models) and one digital high-temperature system (QBH2) with 2 blocks. These are complemented by an extensive range of interchangeable heating blocks to accommodate your sample tubes - from our standard range of blocks or tailored to suit your application. In addition, for 2-block systems QBD2 and QBH2 we offer accessory blocks for accommodating microplates and microtube strips. Heating range ambient + 5°C to 130°C (all three QBD models) or ambient + 5°C to 200°C (QBH2). - Rapid heat-up time. - Stability and uniformity ± 0.1°C. - Integral timer function optional external probe for in-sample or in-block temperature control. - Robust, compact, contemporary design. - Block extraction tool included as standard, for easy and safe removal of blocks.

Condition: used, This listing is for a LTE Scientific Unitemp filtered air drying Cabinet The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release LTE Scientific Unitemp Filtered Air Drying Cabinet The LTE Scientific Unitemp Filtered Air Drying Cabinet is designed to provide a controlled, contamination-free environment for drying laboratory equipment. Featuring a fine filter on the air intake, it minimizes particulate contamination, ensuring that freshly washed items remain clean throughout the drying process. Key Features: Capacity: 534 liters, offering ample space for various laboratory drying needs. Temperature Control: Thermostatically controlled with a range from 5 °C above ambient to 65 °C, protected by an over-temperature cut-out device for safety. Ffjdpfxexv D Eyo Ag Dew Air Circulation: A fan circulation system ensures even heat distribution for consistent drying. Construction: Toughened plate glass door for easy monitoring and access. Additional Drying Cabinet Options: Economy Drying Cabinets Large capacity cabinets available at an economical price. Heaters are positioned at the bottom of the cabinet below a perforated base plate and vent through the top. Fan extraction models enhance drying efficiency by actively drawing air through the chamber. Temperature is controlled via a regulator.

Condition: used, This listing is for the Schneider Electric APC Smart RT2000 UPS The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release The APC Smart-UPS RT 2000VA is a rack mountable, double-conversion online UPS designed for high-density power protection. It features a 2U form factor, providing pure sine wave output, which is recommended for servers using active power factor corrected (PFC) power supplies. The unit operates at 230V and offers a battery runtime of approximately 3.9 minutes under full load. Fedpfxsxv D Hqj Ag Djfw

Condition: used, This listing is for the Quattroflow QS15SU Fluid systems pump The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Quattroflow 15SU is a 4-piston Diaphragm pump, which is mainly used to pump water-like fluids that are typically handled in research-, pilot plant- or production facilities of the pharmaceutical, biotech, food or cosmetic research centres or plants. Examples: Solutions containing proteins (albumin, IgG, Clotting factors, monoclonal antibodies, enzymes, vaccines.) Fedpfxoxl Er He Ag Djfw Solutions of polymers or suspensions (silicon, latex, chromatography media) Cell suspensions (bacteria, yeast, algae, fungi, mammalian cells) colloidal solutions Suspensions of viruses or phage Dairy products Gelatine Supplements and ingredients for cosmetic and food

Condition: used, his listing is for the BIOCHROM WPA Biowave II UV/Visible Spectrophotometer Fedpfx Agexl Eyqo Dsfw The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use BIOCHROM WPA Biowave II UV/Visible Spectrophotometer The Biochrom WPA Biowave II is a compact, high-performance UV/Visible spectrophotometer tailored specifically for life science laboratories. It integrates advanced optics, user-friendly design, and flexible analytical capabilities, making it a go-to instrument for researchers performing nucleic acid and protein quantification, among other applications. Key Features and Benefits Wavelength Range: 190–1100 nm (UV and visible spectrum) Optical Design: Monochromator with holographic grating — novel optics with no lid or moving parts Detector: High-resolution 1024-element CCD array Light Source: Long-life Xenon lamp for energy efficiency and extended performance Display: Graphical backlit LCD for easy visualization of wavelength scans, kinetic assays (with slope calculation), and standard curves Sample Volume: As low as 10 µL with quartz cells (ideal for precious or limited samples) Cell Compartment: Designed for 10 µL volume, compatible with quartz cuvettes Data Export Options: USB interface (CSV format), integrated graphical thermal printer, or PC via Print Via Computer (PVC) software (included) Pre-Defined Methods: Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides), proteins (BCA, Biuret, Bradford, Lowry), and cell culture (cell density) Measurement Modes: Fixed wavelength (Abs/%T) Absorbance ratio Concentration (standard curve, factor) Multi-wavelength Kinetics Life science methods Cell density Scientific Applications Nucleic Acid Quantification & Purity Checking: Visual scans reveal impurities (e.g., 230 nm region for RNA) Protein Assays: BCA, Biuret, Bradford, Lowry Cell Density Measurements Kinetic Studies: Real-time monitoring of reaction rates Low Volume Samples: Ideal for precious or limited biological materials

Condition: used, This listing is for a Foster Refrigerator EPSG500H Ffedoxwc Agepfx Ag Dsw The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release Foster Refrigerator offers a comprehensive range of commercial refrigeration products designed to meet the diverse needs of foodservice establishments. Their product lineup includes: Storage Cabinets: Available in various configurations, these cabinets provide reliable refrigeration solutions for kitchens of all sizes. Storage Counters: Combining preparation surfaces with refrigerated storage, these counters enhance kitchen efficiency. Blast Chillers and Freezers: Designed to rapidly reduce the temperature of food, ensuring safety and quality. Prep Stations: Specialized refrigeration units that keep ingredients fresh and accessible during food preparation. Multideck Displays: Ideal for showcasing chilled products in retail settings. Ice Makers: Reliable machines producing ice for various application

Condition: used, This listing is for the Magellan Tandem Gas Analyser Fjdoxhdufopfx Ag Djfw The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Here’s a summary of the Magellan / H.E.L Tandem Gas Analyser (especially the Tandem PRO model), based on available specs and user info. If you want comparison with similar units, or more in‑depth performance data, I can also pull that together. The Tandem (Standard) and Tandem PRO gas analysers are instruments by Magellan Instruments / H.E.L designed primarily for monitoring O₂ (oxygen) and CO₂ (carbon dioxide) in gas streams. They are often used in biological / fermentation / bioreactor / cell culture / metabolic flux settings where gas composition is a key parameter

Condition: used, This listing is for the Thermo Scientific Heratherm IMH180 Incubator Ffsdpfx Aoxhd Ixjg Dow The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Thermo Scientific Heratherm IMH180 is a high-performance, reliable incubator tailored for demanding laboratory tasks: Precision: Excellent temperature control and uniformity. Flexibility: Adjustable airflow, generous interior volume, and timer options. Convenience: Viewing window, internal socket, and connectivity via RS‑232. Cleanability & Space Efficiency: Stainless steel interior and stackable design. Advanced Safety (Security Model): Door alarms, lockable access, and high-temperature decontamination. Perfect for microbiology, cell culture, pharmaceutical testing, and drying applications where sample integrity and process control are critical. Design & Functionality Dual Convection Technology: Offers adjustable fan speed from 0 % (natural convection) to 100 %, enabling tailored air circulation depending on the sample type or protocol Temperature Range: Operates from 5 °C above ambient up to 105 °C, making it suitable even for drying tasks Temperature Uniformity & Stability: With fan off: ±0.6 °C spatial uniformity With fan at full speed: ±0.2 °C to ±0.4 °C uniformity (at 37 °C) Temporal stability: ±0.1 °C (at 37 °C) Capacity & Build Interior Volume: 178 L (about 6.3 cubic feet) Shelving: Comes with 2 stainless-steel shelves (each supporting up to ~25 kg) and can accommodate up to 19 shelves for flexible arrangement Construction: Corrosion-resistant stainless steel interior (AISI 304) with easy-to-clean rounded corn Controls & Usability Controller: Microprocessor-based with a clear vacuum fluorescent display for easy setting of temperature, timers, and monitoring Timer Functionality: Programmable daily, weekly, or real-time ON/OFF cycles for scheduling experiments Extras: Internal power socket (120 V models) for operating devices like shakers or stirrers inside the chamber Internal glass viewing door and optional internal lighting for observing samples without opening the chamber RS‑232 interface for data logging and connectivity Stackable design without tools—efficient laboratory space use Safety & Maintenance Alarms: Automatic over- and under-temperature alert system protects sample integrity Security Model (IMH180‑S): Adds a lockable outer door and audible alarms for door‑open conditions Includes a certified 140 °C decontamination cycle (about six hours) to sterilize the chamber without needing an autoclave—ideal for high‑sterility environments Dimensions & Electrical Specs Feature Specification Exterior (W × D × H) 64 × 74 × 92 cm (25.2 × 29.1 × 36.2 in) Interior (W × D × H) ~46 × 54 × 70 cm (18.3 × 21.4 × 27.9 in) Weight ~70 kg (154 lb) Electrical (120 V) 1,020–1,390 W; 8.5 A at 60 Hz Materials Stainless steel (interior), durable housin

Condition: used, This listing is for the Sartorius Practum6101-1S Toploading Balance The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Practum 6101‑1S is a high‑quality top‑loading laboratory balance manufactured by Sartorius (often distributed by Cole‑Parmer). Here’s a breakdown of its key specifications and features: Technical Specifications Maximum Capacity: 6100 g (6.1 kg) Readability: 0.1 g resolution Repeatability: ±0.1 g Fedpfsxhfcqex Ag Dsfw Linearity: ±0.3 g Stabilization Time: Approximately 1.5 seconds Pan Size: Around 180 mm diameter (7 in) Weigh South Notable Features Touchscreen swipe interface: Intuitive navigation through menus and functions Built-in overload protection: Protects the sensitive weighing cell from excessive loads Supervisor lock: Prevents unintended menu changes or unauthorized adjustments Data interface: Mini‑USB port allows direct communication with PCs or printers, including support for formats like SBI, xBPI, table, or text Multiple weighing applications: General weighing Density determination Percentage weighing Check‑weighing Peak hold Counting Handling unstable conditions Build and Design Durable, easy‑to‑clean housing: Includes a draft shield that can be disassembled for cleaning

Condition: used, This listing is for the Perkin Elmer Sciex Turbo Ion Spray Source The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use What Is the PerkinElmer Sciex Turbo Ion Spray (Turbo V) Source? The Turbo V Ion Source (commonly referred to as Turbo Ion Spray Source) is a highly robust and efficient ionization module for LC‑MS/MS systems, originally developed by PerkinElmer and further advanced by SCIEX. Here's a breakdown of its key features and function: Ionization Modes Electrospray Ionization (ESI): Uses a TurboIonSpray® probe. High-voltage spray creates charged droplets, while two heated nitrogen gas jets—in an orthogonal configuration—enhance desolvation by intersecting the spray at ~90°, leading to efficient ion generation. Artisan Technology Group Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI): Employs a different APCI probe. The sample is nebulized, vaporized via a heated ceramic tube, then ionized via a corona discharge near the orifice. Design and Performance Highlights Iconic orthogonal spray design with simplicity and durability. Uniform temperature distribution and optimized curtain gas flow contribute to its high ruggedness and low maintenance needs. Robustness & Productivity Fsdpfx Aoxhfc Rjg Dofw The design supports multi-day stability, with studies showing

Condition: used, This listing is for the Vickers Microplan 10X Microscope The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Description: Vickers Microplan 10× Microscope Objective This is an objective lens—part of a microscope optical system—rather than an entire microscope unit. The specific lens in question is marked "Vickers England MICROPLAN 10/0.25 + PH.1", indicating a 10× magnification and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.25. The “PH.1” denotes that it includes phase-contrast capabilities Typical length around 37–39 mm, and weight in the range of 58–63 g Usage and Value These objectives, with their phase-contrast capability, were designed to be used with microscopes that support such optical techniques. This objective would typically fit an RMS-threaded turret, common in Vickers, Cooke‑Baker, or similar stands Fodpjxhfdusfx Ag Defw The phase ring (PH.1) allows enhanced imaging of transparent specimens, by shifting phase differences into contrast—ideal for biology or unstained sample observation.