Used Round Cylinder for sale (11,995)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, Ref: 11072 . 2019 Horizon RD-4055 Dual Cylinder Rotary Die Cut System Pedpfx Aksymmqzjisrc Like new, ex demo condition - ONLY 5,000 on the counter! Efficient production with new separator and card stacker for labour saving operation. Features: • Die cutting, waste separation and stacking in one pass for efficient production. • A wide range of applications can be processed such as business cards, greeting cards, labels and light packages. • Maximum 6,000 sheets can be processed. • 21-up round corner business card production can processed at 126,000 cards per hour. • Simple and easy operation without relying on a skilled operator. • Uniquely designed servo motor controlled ‘Repeat-cut’ feature allows multiple-up cuts from a single up die to minimize die cost. • Ruggedly constructed yet compact compared to normal die cutters. • Various delivery options are available to process a wide range of applications. • Die-cutting and Kiss cutting can be performed simultaneously by using a die which has two different blade heights, ideal for making stickers and labels. • Creasing can be achieved to avoid image cracking. Suitable for boxes, pocket folders and greeting cards which require additional folding processes after die cutting. • Repeat-cut enables the running of multiple up imposed applications with a smaller die to reduce die cost (Up to 8 repeats) Equipped with: TOUCH PANEL: Both setup and control can be done through the intuitive touch screen. After mounting the upper and lower die, the system can be set up by simply inputting sheet size and product size. The graphical illustrations on the screen are simple and easy to understand. FEED SECTION: Vacuum belt feeding enables superior feeding with easy setup and operation. An ultrasonic sensor is used for double feed detection on a wide range of substrates. The optional code reader BR-N4055 enables job separation for easy handling. TRANSPORT SECTION: Sheets are registered by vacuum belt and position is firmly secured with gripper rollers for accurate and consistent register. Servo motor driven gripper rollers ensure the die cut position without effecting processing speed. The optional alignment detection sensor ADS-N4055 detects the alignment error for additional quality control. DIE CUTTING SECTION: Rigid magnetic upper roller and solid lower anvil cylinder ensure high quality die cutting. Uniquely designed die cutting section enables easy and quick die setting. Specification: Sheet Size (Before processing): Max. W400 x L550 mm or W15.740" x L21.650" Min. W200 x L275 mm or W7.875” x L10.830” Processed Material: Normal paper, Coated paper, Cardboard Material Thickness: 127.9 to 400 gsm Die Cutting: Max. 0.5 mm or 0.019” (In case of blade height: 0.8 mm or 0.031”) Max. 0.3 mm or 0.011” (In case of blade height: 0.6 mm or 0.023”) Creasing: Max. 0.4 mm or 0.015” (In case of blade height: 0.8 mm or 0.031”)

Condition: used, Round cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, standard cylinder, air cylinder, pneumatic stamp, air stamp -Stroke: 50 mm -Piston diameter: 20 mm -Piston rod: Ø 8 mm -Price: per piece -Number: 2 pieces -Dimension: Ø 27/188 mm -Weight: 0.3 kg/piece Podpfefbg N Hjx Akierc

Condition: good (used), Scharringhausen round bending machine Type: UDR-X1-3 Psdpfx Akoimmb Ioiorc Capacity: 3000 x 30 mm Tube length: 3100 mm Upper tube diameter: 470 mm Lower tube diameter: 410 mm Engine power: 70 HP Dimensions: 830x245x295 cm LxWxH Weight: ca 55000 KG Included documentation Movie available!

Condition: excellent (used), Pneumatic cylinders, air cylinders, pneumatic pistons, air pistons, standard cylinders, round cylinders, profile cylinders, compact cylinders -Manufacturer: Norgren, Profile cylinder compact cylinder type PRA/182080/M/250 unused original packaging Pedpfj Agh Hpex Akiorc -Stroke travel: 250 mm -Piston: Ø 80 mm -Piston rod: Ø 25 mm -Max. pressure: 16 bar -Number: 5 cylinders available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 470/95/H95 mm -Weight: 5.5 kg/pc.

Condition: good (used), Pneumatic cylinders, air cylinders, pneumatic pistons, air pistons, standard cylinders, round cylinders -Manufacturer: Festo, Round cylinder type DSNU-20-35-PPV-A 1908293 -Stroke travel: 35 mm -Piston: Ø 20 mm -Piston rod: Ø 8 mm / M8 -Max. pressure: 10 bar -Number: 34 cylinders available Prodpfx Asx Tqnrskioc -Price: per piece -Dimensions: Ø 27 x 165 mm -Weight: 0.2 kg/pc.

Condition: good (used), Round cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, standard cylinder, air cylinder, pneumatic stamp, air stamp, compact cylinder, short-stroke cylinder -Manufacturer: Joyner, pneumatic cylinder type DUJ-22-60/50 -Stroke: 50 mm -Piston diameter: 60 mm -Piston rod: Ø 16 mm Psdpfx Aoxayxdekiorc -Hole: Ø 16 mm -Dimensions: 245/80/H105 mm -Weight: 1.9 kg

Condition: new, power: 250 kW (339.91 HP), Year of construction: 2025, The Multiple Cylinder Hydraulic Cone Crusher is an advanced type of cone crusher designed to provide higher productivity and better crushing performance than traditional single-cylinder cone crushers. Here are some key features and information about multiple cylinder hydraulic cone crushers: 1. Structure and Working Principle: - Multiple cylinder hydraulic cone crushers typically have three or more cylinders. - The crushing chamber is formed between the mantle (outer fixed cone) and the concave (inner moving cone). - The cylinders control the movement of the inner cone, providing a highly efficient and uniform crushing process. Prodpfxeq Nd Rbe Akioc 2. Hydraulic System: - Each cylinder is equipped with its hydraulic system, allowing for independent control of the crushing chamber. - The hydraulic system is used for adjusting the discharge opening size, controlling the tramp iron release, and providing overload protection. 3. Adjustable Discharge Opening: - The discharge opening can be easily adjusted to control the size of the crushed product. 4. Automation and Control System: - Multiple cylinder hydraulic cone crushers often feature advanced automation and control systems. - These systems can include programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and human-machine interfaces (HMIs) for convenient operation and monitoring. 5. Application: - Multiple cylinder hydraulic cone crushers are suitable for crushing hard and medium-hard materials in industries such as mining, metallurgy, building materials, and road construction. - They are particularly effective for crushing materials with high hardness and abrasive index. 6. Advantages: - Higher crushing efficiency and throughput compared to single-cylinder cone crushers. - Better shape of the crushed product due to the uniform crushing action. - Improved reliability and maintenance convenience. - Enhanced safety features with the hydraulic system providing overload protection. 7. Disadvantages: - Potentially higher initial cost compared to single-cylinder cone crushers. - May require more complex maintenance and repairs. 8. Models and Specifications: - Multiple cylinder hydraulic cone crushers come in various models, such as HPT series, HP series, and others, each with different specifications. 9. Manufacturers: - Various manufacturers produce multiple cylinder hydraulic cone crushers. Well-known manufacturers often provide reliable and high-quality equipment. When considering a multiple cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, it's essential to assess your specific needs, compare features of different models, and consider factors such as capacity, feed size, and required end product specifications. Additionally, check the reputation and customer feedback regarding the manufacturer and model you are interested in.

Condition: good (used), Heidelberg Cylinder S 54×72 Automatic Die-Cutting Machine This machine is in production and ready to go. Format: 540x720mm The machine is ready for die-cutting. Fully automatic, central lubrication. Psdpo Ad Hihjfx Akijrc Includes mounting frame, cylinder plate, carriages, and a set of fillers and locks.

Condition: good (used), Heidelberg Cylinder SBD 64×89 Automatic Die Cutter The most sought-after machine on the market, in its late 2000s. The machine is in very good condition and ready for operation. Format: 640x890mm The machine is ready for die cutting. Fully automatic, with smooth speed control, central lubrication, and safety guards. Prsdps Aaw Uasfx Akioc The machine features a quick-change carriage system on the infeed and a convenient cabinet on the side of the machine. Includes two frames, spare parts, a cylinder plate, carriages, and a large set of fillers and locks.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, The EVO is the latest innovation in sheet metal processing. It is equipped with numerous innovative and patented features that increase your production capacity and productivity while simultaneously offering the lowest overall operating costs. The high-quality components used in this machine, as well as the latest version of the BENDtronic® control, which is installed as standard on all EVO machines, are particular highlights. HAEUSLER EVO 21015 4-roll round bending machine / roll bending machine Manufacturer: Haeusler Type: EVO 21015 4-roll round bending machine / roll bending machine Origin: Germany / Switzerland Condition: NEW, showroom machine Availability: 12-14 weeks Prodpfoxnnf Iox Akioc Performance: Working width 2100 mm Round bending capacity 12 mm Pre-bending capacity 9 mm Standard equipment: • Variable oscillation adjustment of the side rolls VSA® • HAEUSLER Hybrid Drive System HHDS® • Movable 21.5" touch control panel including high-end BENDtronic® control • Infinitely adjustable rotation speed between 0 and 8 m/min • Machine prepared for remote maintenance • Electro-mechanical locking system for the rotation of the top roll • Automatic pressure adjustment of the bottom roll • Automatic pressure compensation of the bottom roll cylinder, standard cooling system for ambient temperatures up to 35° C • Automated axis optimization • Automatic shutdown of the hydraulics for the roll position • Ultra-compact design to reduce or even eliminate foundation costs • Safety emergency stop cord Optional equipment: • Two-roll drive for the top and bottom rolls • Taper bending device for bending conically shaped workpieces • Extended cooling system for ambient temperatures up to 45 °C • Upper support for easier bending of large diameters • Side support to assist in bending large diameters • Gas pressure accumulator for calibrating already welded cylinders • BendIT-Office workstation software • Autonomous bending • Machine prepared for quick change of top rolls • Interchangeable top rolls with different diameters for bending shots with small diameters • Hardened rolls if black and stainless material is to be bent • Infeed roller table for easy feeding of sheets into the machine • Centering device for the infeed roller table, for automatic centering of the sheets before bending Not the right machine? As a representative of Haeusler, we can put together and offer you your desired machine according to your needs. Further information on request.

Condition: good (used), Heidelberg Cylinder KSB 40×57 Hot Stamping Machine Psdpfjz Rkitox Akiorc A very rare model on the market. The machine is ready for operation and in very good condition. After inspection. Factory-installed new hot stamping unit. Suitable for die-cutting. Central lubrication. Format 40x57cm Weight 3500kg 380V power supply Includes additional components, fillers, and letterpress locks.

Condition: good (used), Heidelberg Cylinder KSB 40×57 Automatic die-cutter Prjdpfx Aoz N Sftskiec A very rare model on the market. The machine is ready to work, in very good technical condition. After inspection. Suitable for die-cutting. Central lubrication. Format 40×57 cm Weight 3500 kg Power supply 380 V Includes two drawers of additional elements, frame, sheet metal for the cylinder, fillers and typographic locks.

Condition: used, Round sieve - weight: 780 kg - manufacture: Bühler - model: DFDT-31 - year of production: 2005 - capacity: 8-10 t/hour Psdpfx Akevv Eb Hoijrc

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: MC9050B industrial round wood rod milling machine, manufactured in 2018, designed for producing round wooden poles and cylindrical wooden components such as tool handles, broom handles, furniture parts, and similar products. Specifications: • Model: MC9050B • Year of manufacture: 2018 • Power supply: 380V (Three-phase) • Working diameter: 15–50 mm • Minimum workpiece length: 600 mm • Main motor: 3 kW • Approximate weight: 350 kg Condition: • Excellent working condition. • Complete machine, ready for immediate use. • Inspection and testing are welcome. Pjdpfxjzmt U Eo Akierc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, operating hours: 13,886 h, lifting height: 4,300 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,300 mm, Toyota 02-6FD35 Triplo 430 Freelift / Sideshift / Fork Adjuster, 6-cylinder Diesel. A video can be sent via WhatsApp. Pjdpfoz Eiu Njx Akijrc We have a continuous stock; see our website. Prices are quoted ex works Nuland. Van de Wert Trading B.V. has a varying stock of machines, trucks, trailers, and attachments. All our deliveries are offered at trade prices in AS-IS condition, without warranties (see our general terms and conditions). You can make a non-binding appointment for a viewing and/or test drive. Please call beforehand, as we are not always on site. Van de Wert Trading B.V. Bedrijfsstraat 3 5391 LR Nuland

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, type plate available, SUPER PRICE!!! NOW ONLY 6,000 EUR!!! Taylor Hobson Talyrond 265 roundness measuring instrument. Extremely accurate; it can measure the roundness of lenses, optics, pistons, turbine components, tubes, shafts, and also eccentricity, e.g., of cams on a camshaft or journals of a crankshaft. It is certainly of interest to motorsport and tuning companies. Pjdpezcqy Eefx Akisrc The first photo is a "representative image" from a Taylor Hobson catalog, showing its basic structure, except for the computer. A newer, more modern HP computer with a small form factor is included. Max. diameter: 350 mm Max. test piece height: 500 mm (higher is possible, measured in two sections, up to a maximum of 1000 mm) Self-centering of the workpiece: +/- 5 mm Max. weight of the test piece: 40 kg The system has been used very little and has only had two owners. The original owner, from whom I purchased it, was an implant company in Hamburg. It was used there in a "medically clean environment" and is extremely clean. It was never located in a dirty machine hall. The year of manufacture is estimated to be between 2003 and 2005. The Taylor Hobson measuring software is, of course, included and runs on the supplied HP computer (without a password). It is also on the USB stick, perhaps to be installed on another machine at your location. Accessories are included: the original Taylor Hobson desk, computer, monitor, seven (7!) measuring probes, each of which is very expensive to purchase individually. A sample/pattern lens (hemisphere) for calibration is also included! The very detailed operating manual is on the USB stick, and all circuit diagrams and functional diagrams are also included! The system will be shipped on two Euro pallets via a freight forwarder. It is already securely fastened to them. The Talyrond 265 and the desk will be well-protected for transport with bubble wrap, etc., and wrapped with stretch film, and the system itself is secured with "transport safety screws." Shipping will be at the buyer's expense and will be carried out on two Euro pallets. The measuring system should definitely be set up and put into operation by a Taylor Hobson service technician, who can then recalibrate the system on-site. This is now recommended after a few years. Errors can be made during setup and commissioning. For example, some locking screws are installed for transport, and if you forget to remove them, the system can be damaged when it starts up. A truly well-maintained, very accurate system that will continue to provide excellent service for many years to come!!

Year of construction: 1966, operating hours: 10,000 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, outer diameter: 420 mm, machine/vehicle number: 58256, Nebiolo Saturnia in very good condition. From first owner, at first used as a letterpress in the upcoming market with offset in the 70's. The company always produced with it's offset to maxima 50/70 size. Situated as a local printer in a village, the Nebiolo was sometimes used for rilling, slitting, scoring some offset jobs. very good machine, low noise, excellent condition of al mechanical parts. Airpump for feeder and delivery is for a later make = Becker dry-pump 100m3 with low noise. All parts necessary for the machine come with the machine, even as the original operational book and spare-parts book. The cylinder has a 6 cm larger diameter than a KBA Condor and it weights 800kgs, only 200 kgs less of that of a heidelberg SBB/SBD. The delivery is different and for carton better that that of its competitors: a triple drum delivery, turning the front side up again on the belts which transport it to the pile. Best is to replace the individual belts for one large belt and make some extra attention for laying the sheets down when coming from the belt with better air facilities. Of course we can arrange that for you either. Then you have a faster, very easy to operate and maintain with better productivity and at least the same durability (with lower noise-level due to less moving parts) than an heidelberg SBD with approx the same size for more than double the money. Really a nice product from Nebiolo even as it big brother Urania. They have pull-lays but can easily turn over to push side lays. Some specs: Predjtyyvwopfx Akisc Max paper size 650 x 950 mm Min paper size 300 x 420 mm Speed 1500 - 4000 imp/hour Feeder pile height 550 mm Delivery pile height 650 mm Impression force approx. 35000 N (not adjustable in lighter or heavier, only one value) Bearer height 24,85 mm; machines needs "normal - Bobst standard" 23,80 diecut forms/lines with a hardened steel plate under the form so that small compensations could be made with thin band and paper under this hardened plate. This is the only and best method. A 45 to 47 HRC plate will be delivered with the machine, even as a new cylinder jacket. Feeder and delivery use an additional extern pump, Becker, 100m3, 2kW Size of the machine (approx, with steps) L x W x H = 330 x 220 x 190 cm Weight net 4,800 kgs

Condition: not inspected (used), 6-cylinder diesel engine, manufacturer: Deutz, type: BF6L513R, model no.: 7963826, power output: 137 kW. Psdpfx Akoz R Nqwjierc

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: unexamined, For sale: complete industrial lot of 27 pcs FESTO DNG-160 pneumatic cylinders. Manufacturer: FESTO Model: DNG-160 Quantity: 27 pcs Type: pneumatic cylinders / heavy-duty actuators Condition: unused old stock / New Old Stock Age: approx. 20 years in storage Functionality: not individually tested Sale: complete lot only Location: Slovakia, EU The cylinders have never been installed or used, but have been stored for approx. 20 years. Due to the long storage period, inspection and possible replacement of seals before industrial use is recommended. Suitable for maintenance departments, machinery builders, automation companies, spare parts stock or industrial equipment dealers. Sold as shown in the photos. Loading possible. Worldwide shipping on request. Zum Verkauf steht ein kompletter Industrieposten mit 27 Stück originalen FESTO DNG-160 Pneumatikzylindern. Hersteller: FESTO Modell: DNG-160 Menge: 27 Stück Typ: Pneumatikzylinder / Industrie-Aktuatoren Zustand: unbenutzte Lagerware / New Old Stock (NOS) Prjdpfx Akewxfrpjiec Alter: ca. 20 Jahre gelagert Funktion: nicht einzeln getestet Verkauf: nur als kompletter Posten Die Zylinder wurden nach unserem Kenntnisstand nie montiert und nie im Betrieb eingesetzt. Aufgrund der langen Lagerzeit werden sie jedoch ausdrücklich als ungetestete Lagerware verkauft. Eine Prüfung sowie ggf. der Austausch von Dichtungen vor industriellem Einsatz wird empfohlen. Geeignet für Instandhaltung, Maschinenbau, Automatisierungstechnik, Ersatzteillager oder Händler für Industriekomponenten. Verkauf wie auf den Fotos. Standort: Slowakei, EU. Verladung möglich. Versand auf Anfrage möglich.

Year of construction: 2014, condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 10150, General Description For sale is a professional assembly press manufactured by the Spanish company Enginyeria Teknics Sabadell, S.L. This unit dates back to 2014 and is factory-designated as "PRENSA REAR WAVE 2". The machine is equipped with an advanced electromechanical actuator (pressing module) from KISTLER, with a nominal pressing force of 60 kN. This system is designed for precise pressing, assembly, and force testing processes in industrial applications. Technical Data (TEKNICS Press) Manufacturer: Enginyeria Teknics Sabadell, S.L. (Spain). Machine Number: 10150. Serial Number: 338.003 6775. Year of Manufacture: 2014. Power Supply: 400 V / 50 Hz. Power: 25 kW. Required Pneumatic Pressure: 6 bar. Machine Weight: 800 kg. Certification: CE marking. Technical Data (KISTLER Actuator) Manufacturer: KISTLER (Dr. Steiger Mohilo+Co GmbH). Type: 2151B60304002. Model: NCFH 60 400 300 B H C G. Prjdpfxoz Rz Rhj Akisc Nominal Force: 60 kN. Serial Number: 2683373. Actuator Weight: 87 kg. Certification: CE marking. Construction and Equipment Stable construction with a dedicated protective enclosure consisting of black mesh panels and yellow profiles. The operator's work area is protected by optical safety barriers (light curtains). The work area features a massive mounting plate with threaded holes and a set of tools, dies, and adapters to facilitate part positioning. A free-standing control cabinet is included with the press. The cabinet door houses the operator panel (HMI) with a display, the main power switch, and an emergency stop button.

Condition: excellent (used), mileage: 573,415 km, power: 206 kW (280.08 HP), first registration: 01/1979, fuel type: diesel, axle configuration: 4x2, fuel: diesel, color: other, gearing type: mechanical, Year of construction: 1979 Front axle: Steering Rear axle: Double wheels Number of cylinders: 6 Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Registration number: 1BRK466 = Dealer information = Do you have any questions or suggestions? Please feel free to contact us. We guarantee a response within 8 hours. Prices do not include VAT. No rights may be derived from the information provided. Office phone number: Mobile: Dutch - English - German - French - Spanish - Italian) Available via WhatsApp and Viber. Mobile: Available via WhatsApp and Viber. When paying by bank transfer, the funds must be transferred to our bank account listed below. Always verify the payment details on our website. Please contact us if you have received different information. Podpfxozhxmvj Akisrc If in doubt, please call us so we can verify the invoice and/or payment. Bank details: Bank name: ING Bank address: Bijlmerdreef 106 1102 CT Amsterdam IBAN number: NL97INGB0117176699 EORI/VAT/TAX: NL810574901B(01) BIC/SWIFT: INGBNL2A

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, This is a round filter coffee machine, a Bravilor Bonamat B20 HW. This coffee machine is ideally suited for supplying coffee in large establishments during peak hours, such as care facilities, catering businesses, company canteens, etc. The B HW series is equipped with a separate hot water tap. The containers can be easily transported. The unit has undergone a thorough inspection in our in-house workshop and is fully functional. It has only been operated with a water softening system, so there are no limescale deposits in the system. The matching drip tray for dispensing coffee is not shown in the picture, but is also included. The base cabinets shown in the pictures are not included in the offer, but can be purchased as an optional extra. Prsdpfszxn Aujx Akisc You will receive an invoice with VAT shown. Our used equipment service for you: 6 months warranty on all electrical parts, limited to the replacement of defective parts, without installation and removal costs. High-quality branded equipment at fair prices. Professional overhaul / inspection & expert cleaning. Tested & fully functional - or your money back. Flexible shipping or self-collection options. Competent advice - before and after purchase. Provision of operating instructions, connection diagrams & spare parts. Inspection according to DGUV V3 standard. Technical data: W x D x H: approx. 1173 x 600 x 947 mm Model with 1 brewing system and 2 containers Separate hot water tap With sight glass Coffee brewing unit Peak capacity: 40 liters Hourly output: approx. 90 liters Brewing time: approx. 14 min. / 20 liters Hot water unit Peak capacity: 4.6 liters Hourly output: approx. 20 liters Frequency: 50/60 Hz Voltage: 400 V 3 N Connection value: 11.2 kW Further information: 1 brewing column in the center 1 coffee container on the right and left, removable With hot water dispensing: Coffee is kept warm in a container Audible signal at the end of brewing With timer Digital display Total and daily counters Descaling system Stainless steel housing Fixed water connection Condition: Used, thoroughly inspected, fully functional Shipping: Delivery or self-collection by arrangement Worldwide shipping on request Shipping to islands or mountain stations only by arrangement Subject to changes and errors Do you have any questions, would you like to request a consultation, or would you like to see something on site? You can reach us by telephone during our opening hours: Monday-Friday 09:00 - 13:00 and 14:00 - 17:00. Sales are made exclusively subject to our general terms and conditions (GTC).

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, 513 USED KEMPER MINI QUADRO ROUND bun divider-rounder. Line for rolls, ciabatta, and bread. Production: - square and elongated buns - round buns - stamping/marking - 4 rounding drums - moistening station - seeding station TECHNICAL DATA: - year of production: 2006 The price is a net price. Paid options available: transport. Our languages: ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, UKRAINIAN. Prodpfxszugm Dj Akiec

Condition: excellent (used), Heidelberg Cylinder 56 x 77 Psdpswzyg Hjfx Akierc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, Used Machine Year of manufacture: 2000 Prsdozw N Euopfx Akijc Features and Technical Specifications: - For vertical edge processing with edge thicknesses up to 3 mm - With automatic milling feed - With base frame - Electrical connection: 230 V - Compressed air connection: min. 6 bar - Workpiece thickness: max. 45 mm - Tool: r = 2.5 or r = 3