Used Filter House for sale (13,524)

Condition: new, FILTER SYSTEM DE-110 400V Technical Specification: Speed: 2850 Power supply: 400V / 50Hz (optional) Fan power: 11 kW Air flow: 10 100 m3/h Inside size (L x H x W in mm): 720x1700x780 Weight in kg: 240 kg THE OFFER INCLUDES: Filter unit DE-110 400V (optional) CE declaration of conformity Gsdeg Rb Duspfx Aayjkf 24 months warranty for consumers 24 months warranty for contractors Professional service after warranty

Condition: used, Brand: AZO Type: Hopperloaders for PVC dryblend Gkodpfx Aswwk Hvoayof Model: Jet filter

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 200 kg, suction capacity: 2,000 m³/h, filter area: 10 m², negative pressure: 2,300 Pa, Equipment: documentation/manual, Dust extractor, welding fume extractor, self-cleaning cartridge filter, pneumatic, vacuum for sandblasting, soda blasting, shot blasting and for all types of dry dust. Brand: Pionier Model: Entstauber PF-2B The filter is cleaned with compressed air pulses during operation, ensuring high device efficiency. Fan located on the clean side, minimizing explosion risk. Specifications: Gkodpfx Ajxnmw Noaysf Capacity: 2000 m3/h Vacuum: 2300 Pa Filter surface area: 10 m2 Cartridge filter element. Motor power: 1.5 kW Inlet diameter: 180 mm HEPA filter, filtration class H13 Year of manufacture: 2009 Stock number: 1057

Condition: good (used), Oil filter system, oil purification system, oil transfer system, hydraulic unit, hydraulic pump, hydraulic pump, hydraulic test pump -Magnetic filter -for: hydraulic and other oils -electrical control -Dimensions: 820/420/H1030 mm -Weight: 70 kg Gkodpfx Aasctvqieyof

Year of construction: 2021, condition: refurbished (used), - Year of construction: 2021 - Filter area: 130m2 - Ceramic modules - Porosity: 0.2micron (standard) Leistung : - White wines: 7000 - 10000 l/h - Red wines: 5000 - 8000 l/h Gkjdpfx Asv Nirisayjf - Grape juice: 4000 - 5000 l/h - Fruit juices: 4500 - 6500 l/h - Filter factory-reconditioned - 12-month factory warranty on mechanical parts - Machine in new condition

Condition: used, 2-bag suction filter, used. Gedpfx Aasxt D Ipjyokf Filtering with 21 sleeves diameter 20 cm, length 240 cm Vacuum cleaner motor with inverter, approximately 2-3 kW.

Condition: new, FILTER SYSTEM DE-55 400V Technical Specification: Speed: 2850 Power supply: 400V 50Hz (optional) Fan power: 5.5 kW Air flow: 6400 m3/h Inside size (L x H x W in mm): 1140x2250x730 Weight in kg: 199 kg THE OFFER INCLUDES: Filter unit DE-55 400V (optional) CE declaration of conformity Gkedpfx Ajg Rbz Ioayjf 24 months warranty for consumers 24 months warranty for contractors Professional service after warranty

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, overall weight: 31 kg, total height: 350 mm, total length: 430 mm, total width: 350 mm, Plattenfilter FP-10 with Pumpe ist ein compactes, halbprofessionelles Gerät zur Filtration verschiedener Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere pflanzlicher Öle. Mit einer Leistung von bis zu 25 Litern pro Stunde ist es die ideale Lösung für den Hausgebrauch und kleine Manufakturen. Dank seiner geringen Abmessungen und der einfachen Handhabung kann es als tragbares Alltagsgerät verwendet werden, das lediglich eine regelmäßige Reinigung erfordert. Das Herzstück des Geräts ist eine selbstansaugende Drehkolbenpumpe, hergestellt von der italienischen Company ROVER POMPE SNC in NOVAX-Technologie. Diese hocheffiziente Pumpe ist mit einem sternförmigen Rotor ausgestattet, der den Flüssigkeitsfluss in beide Richtungen ermöglicht. Durch ihre spezielle Hydraulikkonstruktion kann die Pumpe auch in Anwesenheit von Luftblasen arbeiten, was einen continuierlichen und stabilen Betrieb gewährleistet. Alle flüssigkeitsberührenden Oberflächen sind sorgfältig bearbeitet, was ihre chemische und mechanische Beständigkeit erhöht und zugleich Lebensmittelsicherheit bietet. Die Pumpe fördert die Flüssigkeit zum Filterblock, in dem die Filterplatten eingesetzt sind. Das System kann 6 bis 10 Filtereinsätze aufnehmen, was die Filtrationsleistung erhöht. Die Platten sind parallel geschaltet, um die Effizienz bei der Entfernung von Verunreinigungen zu maximieren. Für die optimale Filtration von Pflanzenölen wird die Verwendung von Filtern mit einer Durchlässigkeit von 45 Mikrometern empfohlen, sowie das Halten der Öltemperatur bei etwa 35°C, um einen besseren Durchfluss und Reinigungseffekt zu erzielen. Vor dem Filterblock befindet sich ein Manometer, das die Überwachung des Drucks und die Beurteilung des Zustands der Filtereinsätze ermöglicht. Bei einem deutlichen Druckanstieg zeigt das Manometer die Notwendigkeit eines Filterwechsels an. Das FP-10-Set erlaubt das Abtrennen des Schlauchs zwischen Pumpe und Filterblock, sodass die Pumpe auch für andere Aufgaben der Flüssigkeitsförderung verwendet werden kann. FP-10 ist ein zuverlässiges Gerät für die Kleinmengenfiltration von Flüssigkeiten, das Leistung, Benutzerfreundlichkeit und hohe Verarbeitungsqualität vereint. Technische Daten: Länge: 43 cm Breite: 35 cm Höhe: 35 cm Gewicht: 31 kg Product type: Kompakte Industriefilter zur Flüssigkeitsfiltration Gjdjwhw Aropfx Aayokf Einsatzbereiche: Zur Reinigung verschiedener Flüssigkeiten in der Lebensmittel-, Chemie-, Pharma- und Kosmetikindustrie Antriebsart: Elektrisch Leistung: bis zu 25 Liter pro Stunde Motorleistung: 0.5 kW

Year of construction: 2016, condition: excellent (used), machine/vehicle number: 216 105, BARATTI FRAMED VACUUM PUMP WITH SUCTION FILTER AND SILENCER Equipment / Additional information: Gkedpfx Ajhqmghoayof Roots Blower Section. oil and wear-free compression, air-cooled, V-belt drive with tension rails and belt guard and two-stage exhaust silencer Incl. the following accessories: -Vacuum relief valve -saugs. Fine filter 3" -Connection piece internal thread 3" - Rohrfederman. -1..0 bar, filled with glycerine -Drive motor Blower data: Max. negative pressure: 500 mbar, abs. Suction volume: 440 m3/h Fan speed: 2920 rpm Noise level: approx. 79 dB (A) Engine data: 7.5 kW, 2930 rpm, 400/690 V, 50 Hz, IP 55 ISO class F, B3, KKL

Condition: good (used), Dust extraction fan, extraction, dust blower, extraction system, dust blower, dust extraction device, separator, welding smoke filter, welding smoke extraction, smoke gas extraction fan, filter system, Cartridge dust extraction system -Filter system: -Filter frame: 1400/1995/H2100 mm -Shaking motor: 0.25 kW Gjdpfx Ajw Hz T Soayekf -Funnel frame: 1400/1995/H2350 mm -Opening: Ø 500 mm / 500 x 220 mm -Individual components: see photos -Weight: 220 kg / 521 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 900 h, functionality: fully functional, As-new AL-KO POWER UNIT 300P dust extraction filter, 2019 Acquired just before the pandemic as a dust extraction system for a CNC machine. Very little usage, under 900 operating hours. The Biesse Rover milling machine is also for sale in a separate listing. Buyer is responsible for dismantling and removal of the unit. Gkodpjxz Rg Iofx Aaysf The AL-KO Power Unit is a highly efficient, enclosed filter system equipped with a clean-air side fan. The system complies with H3 filtration class requirements: return air dust concentration is below 0.1 mg/m³. Supplied fully assembled for easy and fast installation and commissioning. Dust is collected into containers beneath the filter, enabling simple removal of shavings from under the machine. The filtered air can be returned to the workshop or discharged outside via a dedicated duct system. The enclosed design ensures low operating noise and a dust-free environment around the unit. The dust concentration of the return air is just one tenth compared to conventional bag-type extractors! Filter cleaning is performed automatically with compressed air or mechanically via shaker devices. Automatic cleaning is controlled by a vacuum sensor. Post-cleaning is performed when the unit is switched off. The filter media is Class C and features antistatic properties. Filter bag replacement is quick and easy via the light-opening roof panel on the filter. By positioning the extraction fan on the clean-air side, the system offers advantages over conventional units in terms of fire safety, noise level, and maintenance-free operation. Mechanical pre-separation of chips reduces wear on the filter media and lowers the filter load, ensuring maximum filtration efficiency. The Power Unit series achieves noise levels as low as 69 dB! In addition to wood, AL-KO dust extraction systems are also suitable for other machinable materials such as plastics, stone, cement, gypsum, and aluminium. POWER UNIT 300P - Extraction port D 300 mm, max. air flow 6,000 m³/h - Motor power 7.5 kW – filter area 30 m², collection containers 3x250 l - Includes compressed air cleaning - Includes automatic shutoff system

Condition: new, Extraction capacity of filter unit at spigot*: 600/720* m³/h Total power consumption*: 0.42 kW Operating voltage: 230 V, 50/60 Hz,1Ph+N+PE Noise level*: 67 db(A) Dimensions L/W/H in mm: approx. L 800 / W 493 / H 415 Colour: RAL 7035 Weight: 53 kg Manufacturer: ISI Industrieprodukte GmbH * Depending on the filter equipment Special voltage or special colour on request Application: Separation of emulsion mist, for small to medium-sized machine workrooms. Your advantages: - Compact dimensions - High-efficiency EC fan as standard - Adjustable speed and air output (optional) - Washable pre-filter - H13 particulate air filter separation rates of up to up to 99.95%. - Large range of mounting and connection accessories Gkodpfx Aoh Rynqoaysf - Flexibly adaptable to the application - Optimum service life - Quality Made in Germany With our TEBARON, we offer a compact air filtration unit which meets today's diverse possibilities of processing and the possibilities of machining and the resulting pollutant profiles. The TEBARON is a compact air filtration unit for small to medium to medium-sized machine workrooms for the separation of emulsion mist. Our main development goals were compact dimensions with maximum energy efficiency economical operation due to low follow-up costs and maximum sustainability. To achieve these goals, we use highly efficient, controllable EC fans in the TEBARON-series we use highly efficient, controllable EC fans. The standard, integrated pre-filter package consists of three parts and is completely washable! It is highly effective against liquids and large to medium particles to protect the main filter and maximise its and maximise its service life. The main filter can be individually adapted to the adapted to the application application. In the standard version, we use an H13 HEPA filter to achieve a filtration efficiency of 99.95% against particles of of 0.3 μ.

Condition: new, FILTER SYSTEM DE-40 400V Technical Specification: Speed: 2850 Power supply: 400V / 50Hz (optional) Fan power: 4.0 kW Gedpfxeg Rbzno Aayskf Air flow: 5300 m3/h Inside size (L x H x W in mm): 1140x2250x730 Weight in kg: 191 kg THE OFFER INCLUDES: Filter unit DE-40 400V (optional) CE declaration of conformity 24 months warranty for consumers 24 months warranty for contractors Professional service after warranty

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, mobile Air filter extraction box Box with built-in fan and filter cartridge. With HEPA filter. for ventilation, room air filtration and extraction. extraction capacity ca 1800m3/h extraction fan: IMOFA DS 11-4 460watt 50 Hz 4.8 Amp voltage: 230v 50Hz Systemair RTRE 5 transformer controller 4 pcs filter cartridges 1 pc ULTIMA RP Hepa filter 3000m3/h Gkjdjvvcqxepfx Aaysf Aluminum frame housing, mobile brakeable wheels dimensions: 100x100x80 cm weight: ca 120kg

Year of construction: 2022, condition: new, BRAND NEW, 10 HL PSS completely full-automatic Brewhouse. This machine was purchased in 2022 but due to planning permission problems it was never installed. Therefore we are selling it for a good price. • A complete and fully automatic 3 vessel brewhouse. • Maischtun / Kettle net. 10 hl, total volume 21 hl, for 350 kg Malt (max 22 plato beers) heating by steam with agitator, with vapor condenser • Lautertun net. 15 hl, total volume 29 hl diameter 1600 mm, insulated with nobasil wool 75 mm. (wider for strong beers) • Whirlpool net. 10 hl, total volume 20,6 hl, Insulation with Nobasil wool 75 mm. • Maltmill Brewhouse inline configuration with stainless steel platform Utilities: • Hot water tank 24 hl, heating with steam Gkodov R Ekdspfx Aaysf • Cold water tank 14 hl • Electric Steam generator 150 kg/h • Compressor station • 5x Cylindric Conical fermenters for net. 10 hl at 3 bar with glycol cooling jacket and completely insulated. With dryhop port. • 4x Cylindric Conical fermenters for net. 20 hl at 3 bar with glycol cooling jacket and fully insulated. With dryhop port. • Dry hopping hopper • 3x lying down tapping tanks for net. 5 hl, for inliners, with glycol colling jacket and fully insulated. • 3x lying down tapping tanks for net. 10 hl, for inliners, with glycol colling jacket and fully insulated. • Control panel for fermenters and Tappingtanks • Mobile CIP unit with 2 vessels of 200 liter. 1 vessel with electric heating (2x 7,5 kW) complete with pump and valves • Mobile pump 2,2 kW • Semi-automatic Keg machine for 12 kegs a hour, complete with cleaning program for cleaning and sterilization with steam. All drawings, documentation, etc. available. Currently the whole brewery is stored as shown below in the vicinity of Nijmegen, Netherlands. For more detailed / technical information, please email Constant Keinemans, see below.

Year of construction: 2012, condition: good (used), Filter control valve, on-off valve, maintenance unit, water separator, filter bowl, pneumatic filter, filter regulator, service unit combination, filter control valve -Handover: in the current condition as seen Godpoi Sdg Dofx Aayekf -Maintenance unit: incomplete, see photos -Manufacturer: Festo, maintenance unit from CNC machining center Santenberg GTC S 2 -Type: D-MIDI BD43 BO43 Individual components see photos -Pressure: max. 16/12 bar -Dimension: 530/105/H270 mm -Weight: 4.9 kg

Condition: like new (used), For sale: 2 new electrostatic filter cells and 1 used unit by Bristol, suitable for the B 500 EF type. Filter area: 3 m^3 Plate spacing: 6 mm Cell weight: 5 kg Transport and loading can be organized throughout Europe for an additional charge, if desired. Gkjdpfx Aasxbqhroyjf Prices are subject to VAT. Inspection is possible by appointment. Please contact us—our team looks forward to assisting you. Machinery Purchase / Sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES, MACHINE TOOLS, AND MUCH MORE. Are you looking for a high-quality but affordable machine for your production? Or would you like to sell yours? For further information or contact options, please reach us via the contact form.

Condition: new, Extraction capacity of filter unit at spigot*: 2420 m³/h Total power consumption*: 1.84 kW Gkodpsh Rfb Hsfx Aayof Operating voltage: 400 V, 50/60 Hz,3Ph+PE Noise level*: 72 db(A) Dimensions L/W/H in mm: L 1290 / W 588 /H 595 Colour: RAL 7035 Weight: 118 kg Manufacturer: ISI Industrieprodukte GmbH *Depending on the filter equipment Special voltage or special colour on request Application: Separation of emulsion mist, for medium to very large machine workrooms. Your advantages of the COBARON series: - 15 unit variants available - Direct from the manufacturer - ISI-TRONIC as standard (digitalised filter control) - Electronically controlled EC fan as standard - Adjustable speed and air flow rate - Available with a wide range of filters - High-quality filter media in the pre-filter and main filter area - Separation rates of up to 99.95 - Large range of mounting and connection accessories - Flexibly adaptable to the application - Optimum service life - Quality Made in Germany With COBARON, we offer a filter system that meets today's diverse processing possibilities and the resulting pollutant profiles. In the standard programme alone, the COBARON combination filter system offers various filter equipment variants and can thus be variably configured for many applications. The various configuration levels of the COBARON series were specially developed for applications that were borderline cases for many filter systems (mechanical or electrostatic). The combination of both proven filter principles in the appropriate application increases the effectiveness of the air filter and extends the service life. COBARON can be operated as a purely mechanical filter unit with different filter stages - or additionally configured with an electrostatic filter cell. Our filter units are already digitalised as standard and can be controlled with a laptop, for example.

Condition: new, FILTER SYSTEM DE-075 230V / 400V Technical specification: Speed: 2850 Power supply: 230V or 400V / 50Hz (optional) Fan power: 1.1 kW Air flow: 1290 m3/h Inside size (L x H x W in mm): 720x1700x780 Gjdpfxsg N S H Rj Aayokf Weight in kg: 118 kg THE OFFER INCLUDES: Filter unit DE-11 230V / 400V (optional) CE declaration of conformity 24 months warranty for consumers 24 months warranty for contractors Professional service after warranty

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, machine/vehicle number: 1912-06, Offer 24821 Fine dust filter system for flame cutting system - Plasma cutting system Technical data: Gsdpfxevgbyas Aayekf - Dust extraction system consisting of filter modules + radial fan - Fine dust filter with 15 cartridges - Cartridge filter with pneumatic cleaning - Volume flow approx. 4000 m³/h - Compressed air connection 6 - 7 bar - Power connection 400 V 5.5 kW - Dust collection tray - Space requirement approx. W 1500 x D 2000 x H 2750 mm - Weight approx. 900 kg

Condition: good (used), Extraction, filter system, oil mist separator, oil mist separator, air filter, mist separator, oil and emulsion mist separator -Ventilation grille: louvered grille, Filter for oil mist separator -Material: aluminum -Total dimensions: 440/330/H345 mm -Weight: 13.8kg Gksdpfx Aji I Hc Hjayef

Condition: new, Extraction capacity of filter unit at spigot*: 600/720* m³/h Total power consumption*: 0.42 kW Operating voltage: 230 V, 50/60 Hz,1Ph+N+PE Noise level*: 67 db(A) Dimensions L/W/H in mm: approx. L 800 / W 493 /H 415 Colour: RAL 7035 Weight: 53 kg Manufacturer: ISI Industrieprodukte GmbH, Germany * Depending on the filter equipment Special voltage or special colour on request Your advantages: - Compact dimensions - ISI-TRONIC as standard - Electronically controlled EC fan as standard - Adjustable speed and air flow - Washable pre-filter Gksdpfx Aaoh Rynujyof - H13 particulate air filter provides separation rates of up to up to 99.95%. - Large range of mounting and connection accessories - Flexibly adaptable to the application - Optimum service life - Quality Made in Germany With our TEBARON, we offer a compact air filtration unit which meets today's diverse possibilities of processing and the possibilities of machining and the resulting pollutant profiles. pollutant profiles. The TEBARON is a compact air filtration unit for small to medium to medium-sized machine workrooms for the separation of emulsion mist. Our main development goals were compact dimensions with maximum energy efficiency economical operation due to low follow-up costs and maximum sustainability. To achieve these goals, we use highly efficient, controllable EC fans in the TEBARON- -series we use highly efficient, controllable EC fans. The standard, integrated pre-filter package consists of three parts and is completely washable! It is highly effective against liquids and large to medium particles to protect the main filter and maximise its and maximise its service life. The main filter can be individually adapted to the adapted to the application application. In the standard version, we use an H13 HEPA filter to achieve filter to achieve a filtration efficiency of 99.95% against particles of of 0.3 μ.

Condition: new, Extraction capacity of filter unit at spigot*: 980 m³/h Total power consumption*: 0.71 kW Operating voltage: 400 V, 50/60 Hz,3Ph+PE Noise level*: 68 db(A) Dimensions L/W/H in mm: L 1290 / W 345 /H 595 Colour: RAL 7035 Weight: 79 kg Manufacturer: ISI Industrieprodukte GmbH Gjdpfjh Rfbqsx Aayekf *Depending on filter equipment Special voltage or special colour on request Application: Separation of emulsion mist, for medium to very large machine workrooms. Your advantages of the COBARON series: - 15 unit variants available - Direct from the manufacturer - ISI-TRONIC as standard (digitalised filter control) - Electronically controlled EC fan as standard - Adjustable speed and air flow rate - Available with a wide range of filters - High-quality filter media in the pre-filter and main filter area - Separation rates of up to 99.95 - Large range of mounting and connection accessories - Flexibly adaptable to the application - Optimum service life - Quality Made in Germany With COBARON, we offer a filter system that meets today's diverse processing possibilities and the resulting pollutant profiles. In the standard programme alone, the COBARON combination filter system offers various filter equipment variants and can thus be variably configured for many applications. The various configuration levels of the COBARON series were specially developed for applications that were borderline cases for many filter systems (mechanical or electrostatic). The combination of both proven filter principles in the appropriate application increases the effectiveness of the air filter and extends the service life. COBARON can be operated as a purely mechanical filter unit with different filter stages - or additionally configured with an electrostatic filter cell. Our filter units are already digitalised as standard and can be controlled with a laptop, for example.

Condition: new, Electrostatic air filter for air-handling systems - central exhaust ELBARON - RON 15 S oGk – 15.000 m³/h – 230 V – without fan Max. Air flow rate: 15,000 m³/h Total power consumption*: 3 x 0.02 kW Operating voltage*: 230 V, 50/60 Hz, 1PH + N + PE Dimensions L/W/H in mm: L 701 / W 1020 / H 1945 Colour: RAL 7035* Weight: 445 kg Manufacturer: ISI Industrieprodukte GmbH *Special voltage or special colour on request The application: The ELBARON duct air filter series were designed for central air filtration in production halls as well as for plant and building technology. Your advantages: - 15 unit variants available - Direct from the manufacturer - High filtration efficiency - Modularly expandable - Easy maintenance - Low follow-up costs due to reusable filter media - Simplex (single-stage) or duplex (two-stage) available - Wide range of air flow rates available - Also available as mirror-image version - Robust construction Gjdoh Rfccepfx Aayskf - Quality Made in Germany Based on our filter technology, which has been tried and tested for years, this filter unit can be used as a central air filter unit in ventilation ducts. ELBARON technology reliably filters aerosols, oil mist, emulsion mist and smoke from the air. This way, the air in your production hall is cleaned effortlessly. Our air filter can also be easily integrated into central systems for machine extraction. ELBARON filter units protect downstream heat exchangers or air conditioning units from premature contamination. ELBARON filter technology is based on environmentally friendly electrostatic particle ionisation. This makes our filter units the ideal solution for large production plants due to their high separation efficiency, large capacity and easy maintenance. Take advantage of the enormous potential of ELBARON duct air filters with low maintenance costs. All our electrostatic filter cells and filter media are effortless to clean and reuse.

Condition: new, Extraction capacity of filter unit at spigot*: 3550 m³/h (free-eye) Total power consumption*: 0.88 kW Operating voltage: 400 V, 50/60 Hz,3Ph+PE Noise level*: 73 db(A) Dimensions L/W/H in mm: L 1283 / W 1020 /H 595 Gkedpfeh Rdypsx Aayjf Colour: RAL 7035 Weight: 170 kg Manufacturer: ISI Industrieprodukte GmbH *Depending on filter equipment Special voltage or special colour on request Application: Extraction of oil mist and smoke, for small to very large machine workrooms (oil mist separator). Your advantages of the ELBARON series: - 18 unit variants available - Direct from the manufacturer - ISI-TRONIC as standard (digitalised filter control) - Electronically controlled EC fan as standard - Speed and air flow rate adjustable - Simplex (single-stage) or duplex (two-stage) available - Wide range of air flow rates available - Adaptable to pollutant load and air performance requirements - Large range of mounting and connection accessories - Quality Made in Germany We have developed the ELBARON® filter series for use in machining operations with pure oil or for separating oil mist and smoke. For many years now, the digital electrostatic air filters of the ELBARON® series have been among the most efficient filter units on the market and are in use worldwide. Our filter units are already digitalised as standard and can be controlled, for example, using a laptop. The ELBARON® unit series comprises 18 unit variants and can be optimally designed for your application in terms of size and performance. ELBARON® units impress with their long service life and absolute functional reliability. Our electrostatic filter cells are dimensioned in such a way that the best possible filter efficiencies, service lives and trouble-free operation are achieved under economic aspects.