Used End Mill Machine for sale (68,291)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, workpiece dia. 40 mm max. module 2 min. module 0,1 workpiece length - max. 665 mm weight 4,5 t spindle bore diameter 30 mm Control Siemens dia. of cutter bearing 20 mm total power requirement 5,5 kW Technical data max. module 2 Pitch 0.5 - 25 mm Number of speeds multi-speed / multiple max. workpiece diameter40 mm max. workpiece length180 mm Milling cutter diameter max.80 mm max. milling cutter width12 mm Z-axis (milling length with counter point)90 mm Z-axis (milling length without counter point)113 mm Milling head swivelling angle30° / 30° Chedsv Ucdvepfx Ac Tsb Description Gear hobbing and thread cutting machine. LAMBERT - 124 CNC The machine is in a well-maintained condition.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, STIMIN Oradea FUS-22-2M Universal Tool Milling Machine Universal Tool Milling Machine STIMIN Oradea Type/Model: FUS-22-2M Condition: Used Year of manufacture: 1998 Technical data: Travel, X-axis: 300 - 320 mm Travel, Y-axis: 240 - 270 mm Travel, Z-axis: 300 - 310 mm Tool holder: SK 40 / ISO 40 Spindle speed: 45 - 2,240 rpm (in 18 steps) Quill stroke: 60 mm (manually adjustable) Clamping surface: 670 x 320 mm Max. table load: approx. 75 - 150 kg (depending on table design) Feeds (X/Y/Z): 12.5 - 630 mm/min Chodpfx Acezxhndj Tob Rapid traverse: approx. 1,200 mm/min Spindle motor power: 1.5 kW - 2.0 kW Total connected load: approx. 2.5 – 3.0 kW (400 V / 50 Hz) Space requirement (L x W x H): approx. 1,200 x 1,100 x 1,620 mm Inquiry item: Transportation costs will be provided in an individual offer.

Condition: used, MAHO MH 600 P Tool Milling Machine Tool Milling Machine MAHO Type/Model MH 600 P Control Heidenhain TC 135 Condition Used Technical Data Travel (X / Y / Z): 500 mm / 400 mm / 400 mm Quill stroke: 80 mm Table dimensions: 720 mm x 140 mm Max. table load: approx. 500 kg T-slots: 8 pieces (spacing 54 mm) Tool holder: SK 40 / ISO 40 Spindle speed range: 40 to 2,000 rpm Spindle drive power: 4.0 kW Working feed rate continuously adjustable: 5 to 500 mm/min Rapid traverse speed (X / Z): approx. 1.2 m/min Rapid traverse speed (Y): approx. 0.8 m/min Connection voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz Cedpszxhfvsfx Ac Tjhb Machine weight: approx. 1,450 - 1,900 kg Space requirement (L x W x H): approx. 1.8 m x 1.5 m x 1.9 m

Condition: used, MAHO MH 600 P Tool Milling Machine Chedpfjzxgwdjx Ac Teb Tool milling machine: MAHO Type/Model: MH 600 P Control: Heidenhain TC 135 Condition: Used Technical data Travel distances (X / Y / Z): 500 mm / 400 mm / 400 mm Quill stroke: 80 mm Table dimensions: 720 mm x 140 mm Max. table load: approx. 500 kg T-slots: 8 pieces (distance 54 mm) Tool holder: SK 40 / ISO 40 Spindle speed range: 40 to 2,000 rpm Spindle drive power: 4.0 kW Working feed rate continuously adjustable: 5 to 500 mm/min Rapid traverse speed (X / Z): approx. 1.2 m/min Rapid traverse speed (Y): approx. 0.8 m/min Connection voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 1,450 - 1,900 kg Space requirement (L x W x H): approx. 1.8 m x 1.5 m x 1.9 m Inquiry item: Transportation costs will be provided in a separate, customized offer.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1984, functionality: fully functional, Deckel FP1 milling machine with Heidenhain digital control in very good condition. Technical specifications: * Speed: 40 - 2000 rpm * Feed rate, continuously variable in 3 axes * Rapid traverse in 3 axes * Spindle brake * Table travel X/Y/Z: 300/160/340 mm * Vertical quill * Clamping system SK40/M16 Codpfozr Hdwex Ac Tjhb * Weight approx. 800 kg Accessories and equipment: 3-axis Heidenhain digital read-out Coolant system Operating manual, spare parts list

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1984, functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 500 mm, feed length Y-axis: 400 mm, feed length Z-axis: 400 mm, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, rotational speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 50 rpm, input voltage: 400 V, Deckel FP4M Universal Milling Machine in excellent technical and optical condition. Machine no. 2203-1389 Chedpsytb Uhsfx Ac Teb Year of construction: 1984. Technical specifications: - Working travel X/Y/Z: 500/400/400 mm - Spindle speed range: 50 - 2500 RPM - Power: 3.7 / 4.4 KW - Spindle brake - Automatic feed: X-Y-Z, continuously adjustable, 6.3 / 630 mm/min - Rapid traverse X-Y-Z: 1300 mm/min - Fixed angle table - Vertical quill with 90 mm stroke - Tool holder: ISO 40/M16 - Weight approx. 1500 kg Machine options: - 3-axis digital readout Heidenhain - Coolant system - Chip tray - Central lubrication - Automatic pulse lubrication on the milling head - Machine manuals with spare parts list and electrical diagrams - Cabinet with accessories, see photos

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, Deckel Maho NHX 4000 Horizontal Machining Center Horizontal Machining Center, Deckel Maho Type / Model: DMG NHX 4000 Condition: Used Year of Manufacture: 2012 Program Runtime: approx. 48,200 hours Spindle Hours: approx. 39,200 hours Technical Data Travel ranges X / Y / Z axis: 560 mm / 560 mm / 660 mm Rapid traverse rate (X/Y/Z): 60 m/min Work table & Pallets Pallet size: 400 x 400 mm Max. workpiece weight: 400 kg Max. workpiece dimensions (Ø x H): Ø 630 x 900 mm Pallet change time: approx. 8.0 seconds B-axis (rotary table): 360° (increment 0.001°, direct drive) Main spindle: 12,000 1/min Max. speed: 12,000 1/min Cedpfx Acszxc H Uo Tohb Drive power: approx. 15 kW (or up to 30 kW in special/power versions) Max. torque: approx. 110 Nm Tool interface: SK 40 or HSK-A63 (depending on the exact spindle design from the factory) Tool changer (ATC) Magazine slots: Usually 40 stations as standard Max. tool diameter: 70 mm (up to 170 mm with free neighboring slots) Max. tool length: 450 mm Max. tool weight: 12 kg Dimensions & Weight Machine weight: approx. 7850 kg Footprint / Dimensions (W/D/H): approx. 2,860 x (width varies depending on the chip conveyor) x 2540 mm Control system (standard model year 2012): MAPPS IV based on Fanuc (alternatively Siemens 840D) Inquiry item: Transport costs in an individual offer.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, Year: 1997 Cjdpfxswtd Dyo Ac Tshb Table: 1780 x 415mm Spindle Speed 30 – 2066 RPM FIDIA Control Power Draw Bar LOVO Light Coolant

Condition: used, Butler Elgamill CNC Travelling Column Bed Type Mill x 5000mm T slotted Table 8,000mm x 1030mm Csdpjyx Hv Ajfx Ac Tehb Column travel X 6200mm TBC Ram travel Y 1250mm TBC Vertical travel of Head Z 1950mm TBC Spindle speeds Various and a Max of RPM TBC Spindle Taper 50 Spindle drive motor HP TBC Power feeds Horizontal and Vertical 6 – 500 mm/min Rapid power traverse to all motions 2,000mm/min Complete With: Heidenhain CNC Control Manual Indexing Head Machine Data: Machine weight 20,000kg

Year of construction: 1999, condition: used, CNC Steuerung Heidenhain TNC 426 Kuehlmitteleinrichtung Spaenewanne CNC control Heidenhain TNC 426 coolant device chip tank Technische Daten / technical details: X-Weg / X-travel 600 mm Y-Weg / Y-travel 525 mm Z-Weg / Z-travel 500 mm Cedpfxjdk Rwnj Ac Tjhb Spindeldrehzahlen / spindle speed 6300 UpM /rpm Werkzeugaufnahme / spindle taper SK40 Vorschubbereich X/Y/Z / feed range 10000 mm/min. Universaltisch / clamping area of universal table 750x530 mm Gewicht der Maschine ca. / weight 6500 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, Heidenhain TNC 310 cnc control electronical hand wheel coolant device Technische Daten: Längsweg (X-Achse) / X-travel longitudinal 600 mm Querweg (Y-Achse) / Y-travel cross 400 mm Senkrechtweg (Z-Achse) / Z-travel vertical 400 mm Cedpfx Ajit Tr Toc Tehb Werkzeugaufnahme / spindle taper SK 40 Drehzahlbereich / spindle speed range 60-5000 UpM Vorschub / feed 0-2000 mm/min. Eilgang längs + quer / rapid feed x/y 5 m/min. Eilgang senkrecht / rapid feed z 4 m/min. Antriebsleistung gesamt / drice capacity 7 kW Gewicht ca. / weight ca. 2000 kg Technische Daten, Zubehör und Beschreibung der Maschine sind unverbindlich - Technical data, accessories and description of the machine are not binding.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, feed length X-axis: 400 mm, feed length Y-axis: 250 mm, feed length Z-axis: 400 mm, Heidenhain TNC 124 control quill electronical hand wheel coolant device Technische Daten: Längsweg (X-Achse) / X-travel longitudinal 400 mm Querweg (Y-Achse) / Y-travel cross 250 mm Senkrechtweg (Z-Achse) / Z-travel vertical 400 mm Tischaufspannfläche / table clamping area 600 x 320 mm Werkzeugaufnahme / spindle taper SK40 Cjdpforb A Tcjx Ac Tshb Drehzahlbereich / spindle speed range 30-6300 UpM Vorschub x,y,z / feed x,y,z 10,10,8 m/min. Antriebsleistung gesamt / drice capacity 6,5 kW Gewicht ca. / weight ca. 1200 kg Technische Daten, Zubehör und Beschreibung der Maschine sind unverbindlich - Technical data, accessories and description of the machine are not binding.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 450 mm, feed length Y-axis: 300 mm, feed length Z-axis: 350 mm, 3-axes digital read out horizontal and vertical milling spindle quill Technische Daten / technical details: Längsweg X / X-travel longitudinal 450 mm Querweg Y / Y-travel cross 300 mm Senkrechtweg Z / Z-travel vertical 350 mm Tischgröße / table size 800x400 mm Spindelaufnahme / spindle taper SK40 Chedpfswyit Hjx Ac Tjb Drehzahlbereich / spindle speed 50-2500 UpM /rpm Vorschubbereich / feed range 8-400 mm/min. Antriebsleistung / power capacity 3,2 kW Gewicht der Maschine / weight 1500 kg Technische Daten, Zubehör und Beschreibung der Maschine sind unverbindlich - Technical data, accessories and description of the machine are not binding.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 211031, Country of manufacture: Switzerland Voltage: 380/50/3 Net weight: 740 kg Overall dimensions: 155 x 110 x 160 cm Installed power: 2.10 kW Customs tariff number: 8459.6930 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Vertical rectangular table: - usable surface: 740 x 200 mm - number of T-slots: 2 - width of T-slots: 12-H7 - distance between slots: 120 mm Fixed right-angle table: - usable surface: 700 x 250 mm - number of T-slots: 5 - width of T-slots: 12-H7 - distance between slots: 40 mm - possible lateral movement: 250 mm total Universal tilting table: - usable surface: 600 x 210 mm - number of T-slots: 4 - width of T-slots: 12-H7 - distance between slots: 40 mm - possible lateral movement: 350 mm total Adjustable in 3 planes, on either side: 30°-45°-30° Spindle internal taper: - horizontal spindle head: ISO 30 (40) - vertical spindle head: ISO 30 (40) - universal rapid head: SV E20+ES20 Cedpfew Uc Npsx Ac Tohb Swivel in vertical plane: vertical spindle head: 360° Longitudinal travel, hand/automatic: 320/300 mm Vertical travel, hand/automatic: 375/355 mm Cross travel, adjustment handle: 150 mm Quill stroke: 60 mm Readout accuracy on micrometer verniers: 0.02 mm Main motor power/speed: 1.5 kW/1500 rpm Rapid feed motor power/speed: 0.45 kW/3000 rpm Coolant device motor power/speed: 0.15 kW/3000 rpm Spindle speed range: - 1st range: 58-375 rpm - 2nd range: 330-2000 rpm Feed rates (longitudinal or vertical): 12-400 mm/min - 10 feed rates, mm/min: 12-18-26-38-57-85-125-185-270-400 Rapid traverse speed (longitudinal or vertical): 1200 mm/min All technical data is given without obligation and subject to errors or omissions.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 176308, Country of manufacture: Switzerland Voltage: 400 / 380 / 50 / 3 Net weight: approx. 350 kg Dimensions: 82x85x156 cm Installed power: max 2 kVA Customs classification: 8460.3930 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS GRINDING WHEEL SPINDLE UNIT Spindle speed (both rotation directions): 2,500 / 3,500 / 5,000 / 7,100 rpm Grinding wheel motor power (2,800 rpm): 0.4 HP Vertical slide stroke (linear): 100 mm Chedjw T S Sqopfx Ac Teb Micrometric stop adjustment travel: 25 mm Micrometric stop readout accuracy: 0.01 mm WORKPIECE SPINDLE UNIT Workpiece spindle speed (both directions, continuous): 100–900 rpm Motor power: 0.2 HP Indexing plate teeth count: 120 Angular vernier reading: 20' Collet type: W-20 Horizontal travel: 100 mm Rapid feed per handwheel turn: 2 mm Micrometric feed per handwheel turn: 0.1 mm Micrometric feed per scale division: 0.001 mm SPINDLE HEAD SWIVEL RANGE (a) Main direction: 165° Fixed ratchet increments: every 3° Increments with micrometric screw: every 2' (b) Grinding plane: approx. 15° Stop: at 0° Cross movement range: 80 mm Micrometer travel: 25 mm Reading precision: 0.01 mm Extraction motor power (2,800 rpm): 0.25 HP All technical specifications provided without guarantee and subject to possible errors or omissions.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 4,800 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: NL154200702, Manufacturing origin: JP Voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz / 3-phase Net weight: 5,400 kg Chsdpfx Aew T Sn Eec Teb Customs tariff number: 8458.9100 TECHNICAL DATA Maximum turning diameter: 350 mm Turning length: 515 mm CNC control: M730UM MAPPS Celos Swing over bed: 923.8 mm Swing diameter above carriage: 755 mm Standard turning diameter: 260 mm Bar capacity: 34 mm Main spindle: Spindle speed range: 100 – 8,000 rpm Spindle motor power: 11 / 7.5 kW C-axis resolution: 0.001° Chuck diameter: 210 mm Subspindle: Maximum speed: 8,000 rpm Spindle nose: A2-5 Axis travels: X-axis travel: 260 mm Z-axis travel: 580 mm Y-axis travel: 100 mm (±50 mm) Turret: Number of turret stations: 20 Driven stations: 20 Tool shank diameter: 25 mm Maximum driven tool speed: 10,000 rpm Driven tool motor power: 5.5 / 3.7 kW Feed rates: Rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse subspindle: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 10 m/min Rapid traverse C-axis: 400 rpm Total power requirement: 31 kVA Approximate machine weight: 5.4 t Approximate machine dimensions: 4.0 x 3.0 x 3.2 m Errors and omissions excepted – data provided without obligation.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 11,100 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: NTX1150102, Year 2015 with F31iB5 control and CELOS Country of manufacture: JP Voltage: 380V/50Hz/3ph Dimensions: 4169x2543x2543 mm Net machine weight: 10,000 kg TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Control: Fanuc F31iB5 with CELOS Main spindle: X1 axis: 455 mm Y axis: +/- 105 mm Z1 axis: 800 mm (+165 for ATC) B axis: 240° Turret 2: X2 axis: 160 mm Z2 axis: 730 mm Spindle 1 / Spindle 2: C axis: 360° / 360° Cedpfx Asw T Snfec Tshb Tailstock: A axis: 820 mm Max. distance between centres: 1,050 mm Max. turning diameter Main spindle: Ø 430 mm Turret 2: Ø 274 mm Max. turning length: 800 mm Bar diameter: Ø 52 mm . Ø 65 mm Unless otherwise specified or in case of errors or omissions, the technical data is provided without commitment.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, x-travel 1.020 mm y-travel 700 mm z-travel 500 mm Control Siemens 828D table dimensions 1.050 x 700 mm Cedsyw Tm Eepfx Ac Tjhb spindle tunring speed 15.000 U/min tool taper BBT-40 In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are only included in the scope of delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Technical data and specifications are subject to change without notice and errors. Prior sale is reserved.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, total length: 1,750 mm, total width: 1,500 mm, total height: 1,450 mm, Colour: White Empty weight: 750 kg Cedpfx Aoych Eloc Tohb Price: On request - Year: 2008 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 108/1008-3 - Main motor power [kW]: 4.0 - Number of spindles [pcs]: 2 - Max. workpiece width [mm]: 180 - Transport dimensions: 1750mm x 1500mm x 1450mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 750kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Yorick Diebels

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, We offer you: CNC Bed Milling Machine Manufacturer: DMG MORI Model: DMF 260-11 linear Year of manufacture: 2017 Control: Celos with Siemens 840D sl Operate Main spindle renewed Technical specifications: Travel distances: - X-axis travel: 2,600 mm - Y-axis travel: 1,100 mm - Z-axis travel: 900 mm Main spindle: - Speed range: 20 - 15,000 rpm - Drive power (40/100%): 46 / 30 kW - Torque (40/100%): 200 / 130 Nm - Tool holder: SK 40 Worktable: - Fixed table with integrated rotary table - Clamping surface: 3,200 x 1,100 mm - Rotary table diameter: 1,050 mm - Max. table load: 1,200 kg Tool changer: - Number of tool stations: 60 positions - Chip-to-chip time: 7.5 s - Power-on hours: approx. 21,000 h - Operating hours: approx. 9,200 h Technical features: - ICS (internal coolant supply) 40 bar Chsdpfx Aowtd A Njc Tob - Coolant spray gun - Rotating viewing window - Tropical package - Dynamic package Accessories: - Paper band filter 600l - Chip conveyor - Heidenhain TS 649 DMG touch probe - 3D quickSET - 2x Oil and emulsion mist separators - 4-color signal lamp - Electronic handwheel Accessories, pictured tools, and clamping devices are only included in the scope of delivery if noted in the additional information. Subject to changes and errors in the technical data and information, as well as prior sale!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, Special price, as the machine needs to be removed by August 28th. Special Price, contact us! Chjdpfjzu Nn Rsx Ac Tjb Control system: - HEIDENHAIN iTNC530 Travel distances of linear axes: - X-axis: 2,700 mm - Y-axis: 1,000 mm (cross axis) - Z-axis: 1,050 mm Machine table: - Dimensions: 3300x1,000 mm - T-slots: 7 x 22 - Capacity: max. Axis speeds: - Max. feed rate X/Y/Z: 10,000 mm/min Milling head and spindle: - 2-axis diagonal milling head 1° x 2.5° - Max. spindle speed: 60 - 3,000 min-1 - Max. motor power: 22/30 kW - Tool holder: ISO 50 (DIN69872-B) Cooling and chip removal: - Chain conveyor in the longitudinal direction - Cooling through the spindle, 19 bar Other equipment features: - Movable control panel in front of the machine - Enclosure with front-side doors - Machine documentation

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, spindle diameter 125 mm x-travel 1.500 mm y-travel 1.250 mm z-travel 1.000 mm w-travel 550 mm table surface area 1.000 x 1.250 mm workpiece weight 6.000 kg quill stroke 550 mm tool taper ISO 50 number of spindle speeds 5-3.700 U/min. max. torque 2012 Nm feed speeds 1-6000 (x-Achse) mm/min feed speeds 1-6000 (y-Achse) mm/min feed speeds 1-6000 (z-Achse) mm/min rapid traverse x/y/z 15/ 15/ 15 m/min dimensions of the machine ca. 7,51 x 5,07 x 3,33 m 63 kVA Equipment/ Accessories: Codpfx Acjwdta Ee Tohb - CNC control Siemens 840 D - 60 ATC - Coolant system with high-pressure pump 30 l/min.- 20 bar - documentation

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1205-H740-00, overall weight: 6,000 kg, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 100 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 50 mm, controller model: ANDRONIC 2060, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Submitting a bid obligates you to collect the item within the specified period, between October 7, 2026, and October 14, 2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 500 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 100 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 50 mm Travel range, Z-axis: ±50 mm, relative to the central axis of the rotary indexing table / 200 mm Travel speed, X-axis: max. 30 m/min Travel speed, Y-axis: max. 20 m/min Travel speed, Z-axis: max. 30 m/min Acceleration, X/Y/Z-axis: 10 m/s² Chjdpfozu Iwwsx Ac Tjb MACHINE DETAILS Control model: ANDRONIC 2060 Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,500 x 1,650 x 2,700 mm Total weight: 6,000 kg Operating voltage: 230/400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Rated apparent power: 12 kVA Swivel radius, control panel: approx. 1,050 mm

Condition: used, Scharmann Drilling Machine Available from September Year of manufacture: June 1965, original purchase price: 267,045 DM Travel ranges: Longitudinal (X): 1,600 mm Vertical (Y): 1,200 mm Lateral (Z): 1,150 mm Spindle speed: 20 – 6,000 min⁻¹ Table size: 1,200 × 1,400 mm Csdpfx Ajzilmrjc Tshb Table load: max. 6 t Without tools and accessories. Disassembly begins after payment is received. Collection in September. Being replaced with a new machine. Very important: • The height and weight of the asset must be taken into account when selecting the transport vehicle. • There is no loading dock on site. However, a forklift or an overhead crane is available for loading. • If collection is not carried out on time, a storage fee of €20.00 per lot and per day (or part thereof) will be charged. The fee must be paid before collection. • The sale is made excluding any guarantee or warranty. • The information provided consists of the technical data from the original offer. • No liability is accepted for typing or measurement errors. If in doubt, please compare the information with the provided photos or inspect the goods on site before the end of the auction.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, Edge milling machine Manufacturer: Brandt Type: FTK 130 Year of manufacture: 2010 Note: Cjdpfx Acszuzlhe Tohb The technical data and descriptions are a transcript of the original order confirmation. The data is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.