Used Encoder for sale (594)

Condition: used, * ROD 426, 500 02S12-76, * ID no. 318 591-01, Ibsdjlkcd Dspfx Aacsc * S.Nr. 8 194 998 A, * with cable and plug.

Condition: new, 526 974-22 / 52697422, LS 187 C / LS187C, Heidenhain Linear Encoder - New Ijdpfx Aeq S R Nujacobc Model: 526974-22 Condition: New

Condition: new, Krones Encoder 219-01025 Iedpfx Ajh Rul Neacobc

Condition: new, ERN 1331 204862S12-30 K , Heidenhain Incremental Encoder 577790-01 - New Ibjdpfx Ajq S Szwsacsc Model: ERN 1331 204862S12 30 K Condition: New

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Ferwood Code: RU0009080 - Manufacturer Code: H6697Z/1000 - Condition: Used - Functionality: Untested - If interested we offer a revision service, contact us. Iodpov Hp Uxofx Aacsbc

Condition: new, CDS582M-00007, Safety SIL/PL, TR Absolute Encoder Model: CDS582M-00007 Type: Safety SIL/PL Condition: New Iodpeq S Uqnjfx Aacsbc

Condition: good (used), Sensor module, incremental encoder -Manufacturer: Siemens, Sinamics Sensor Module SMC20 from vertical lathe Scherer VDZ 80 DS -Type: 6SL3055-0AA00-5BA1 Ibjdsvupg Depfx Aacsc -Number: 3x module available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 115/50/H170 mm -Weight: 0.8 kg/piece

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 50 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 8520-7-10558-FA, measuring range X-axis: 2,500 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 2,500 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 2,500 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Purchased brand new in 2023 for a project but no longer required. Only used for a number of hours - approx 50hrs. Tripod Table / Machine mounting ring Carry case Includes Dell Mobile Precision Workstation 7780 (Laptop of value £4,486.00) with PC DMIS 7-Axis Arm with 2.5 m Measurement Volume, Includes: • Absolute Encoders and SMART Sensors • Zero-G Counterbalance with SmartLock and HomeDock • Wrist Display • Haptic Feedback • Bluetooth wireless interface for wireless accessories • Spin Knob and Spin Grip • Base Plate with Mounting Ring • TESA TKJ Ball Probes: 3 mm Ruby / 6 mm Ruby / 15 mm Steel • Certified Length Standard • RDS Maintenance and Interface Software • Travel Case and Accessory Case • Power supply • Hexagon Dust Cover • ISO 10360-12 Certificate Removable Pistol Grip for Probing in Standard Mode (with Pistol Grip) or in Compact Mode (without Pistol Grip) Includes: • Nose Cone • 3 sizes of Pistol Grip Handles: Small / Medium / Large • The medium size grip is mounted on to Pistol Grip main body • Certified Sphere for Probing Wireless Pack (CP-W) shipped fully configured and mounted on t he arm. The CP-W provides: • Single Ethernet connection for all touch probes, tube probes and scanners (HP-L-8.9, HP-C-V3D, AS1, RS6, RS5 and RSSQUARED) Ibedowhwdpopfx Aacsc • Wireless connections for all touch probes, tube probes, AS1, RS6, RS5 and RS-SQUARED. (HP-L-8.9 and HP-C-V3D do not support wireless connections). • One Ethernet to USB adapter, for users who prefer a USB connection to Ethernet • Battery operation available (with hot-swappable batteries) Includes: • Wireless Pack CP-W • ODU-Ethernet Cable - 3m • Ethernet Gigabit adapter • Two rechargeable batteries Note: CP-W is certified to IP54 when mounted on the arm MST138 Portable Precision Carbon Tripod Precision carbon tripod for Absolute Tracker AT930/960, ATS600 or Absolute Arm. The MST138 has the following features: - Foldable tripod with carbon legs - Height scale on center leg - 3x integrated fixed positions for AT Controller/ATS Controller or external batteries MPB25/MPB100 - 3.5x8’’ thread to mount Absolute Tracker AT930/AT960, ATS600 or Absolute Arm - Adjustable height: 79 cm – 131 cm (31.1’’ – 51.6’’) - Weight: 13.5 kg (29.8 lbs) Compatibility: AT930, AT960, ATS600, AT403 TM6100A with MSI140 adaptor

Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 55,000 h, condition: ready for operation (used), General Data Machine weight 7000 kg Control Unit Brand TRAUB Model TX8i-s Main Drive Spindle speed range 8000 rpm Number of axis 7 Additional Equipment Coolant pump 3 bar / Coolant pump 8 bar Swarf conveyor, hinged belt type H=1000 mm Linear encoder X-axis for revolver top/bottom Fabric filtration for coolant: grade of filtration ca. 30-40 µm High-pressure coolant pump 20 bar Isdpsxn U D Dsfx Aacobc CO2 fire fight system Kraft & Bauer This 7-axis TRAUB TNL 32-7 horizontal turning machine was manufactured in 2013. Ideal for precision turning operations, it offers robust performance and reliability. Consider the opportunity to buy this TRAUB TNL 32-7 horizontal turning machine. Contact us for more information. Application Types Turning

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, INDEX MS40-6 CNC Multi-Spindle Year of Manufacture: 2011 Commissioned: 2012 Control: Siemens 840D (Dual NCU) Bar Capacity: 40 mm Slide Units Position 1.1: X / Z NC controlled Position 1.2: X / Z NC controlled Position 2.1: X / Z NC controlled Position 2.2: X / Z NC controlled Position 3.1: X / Y / Z NC controlled (Y ± 21 mm) Position 3.2: X / Z NC controlled Position 4.1: X / Z NC controlled Position 4.2: X / Z NC controlled Position 5.1: X / Z NC controlled Position 5.2: X / Z NC controlled Position 6.1: X / Z NC controlled Position 6.2: X / Z NC controlled Position 6.3: X NC controlled, Z fixed Bar Feed IEMCA SIR MS40/33/P magazine bar loader Workpiece Handling Parts chute at spindle position 6 Workpiece conveyor at spindle position 6 Synchronization unit at spindle position 6.1 Parts ejector Coolant feed preparation through counter spindle Back-Working Attachment at slide position 6.2 Up to 3 fixed toolholders Auxiliary Drive Preparation Electrical preparation for 2 auxiliary drives with electronic shaft (positions 1–3), synchronous with main and counter spindle Electrical preparation for 2 auxiliary drives with electronic shaft (positions 4–6), synchronous with main and counter spindle Compatible with auxiliary drives with incremental encoder (double module) Chip & Coolant System Hinge-belt chip conveyor (cross type), discharge height 1200 mm, front discharge with lift pump for filter unit Coolant filtration unit (50 Hz): Coolant tank: 800 L Vacuum rotation filter: 650 L capacity Ibjdpsxndgzsfx Aacoc Plate heat exchanger for coolant cooling Heat exchanger pump: 80 L/min 7 bar Low-pressure pump: 300 L/min 4 bar High-pressure pump: 55 L/min 40 bar Safety & Environmental Automatic CO₂ fire extinguishing system with optical/thermal detection Preparation for central exhaust system Shut-off flap for central oil mist extraction Control Options & NC Functions 16/16 freely programmable I/O interface Transmit / Tracyl function (milling cylindrical paths on OD and face) Dual transmit function for Y-axis transformation NC option: counter spindle / polygon turning with electronic shaft Process Monitoring Integrated ARTIS monitoring system based on torque, current, or power evaluation Up to 4 channels (max. 8 drives) monitoring 4 tools simultaneously at stations 1–3 Up to 4 channels (max. 8 drives) monitoring 4 tools simultaneously at stations 4–6

Condition: ready for operation (used), Fanuc A06B-0243-B400 AC servo motor SN:C064G7066 with A860-2000-T301 pulse encoder, professionally completely overhauled and tested with 12 months warranty, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos, the agreed sales discounts do not apply to this article. Please ask for price separately! Ibedpsltryyjfx Aacoc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, x-travel 4.000 mm y-travel 1.000 mm z-travel 1.100 mm Control Heidenhain iTNC-530 HSCI table weight 2.000 Kg table-size 4.500 x 1.050 mm T-slots 1 x 18 H7 T-slot - distance 125 mm spindle taper ISO 50, din 69871 spindle drive 48 kW spindle drive 48/74 kW distance plate for ejector bores 300/452 Nm coolant 400L Tank Aussenk. mit 6 bar Internal cooling system Mit 1.000 L 60 bar handwheel HR- 510 weight of the machine ca. 31,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 8.850 x 5.615 x 3.600 m Technical Specifications of the Machine Machine type: ZVH 58/L4000 Extreme s/n: 16961 CNC: Heidenhain TNC 530 Travel Distances X-axis, longitudinal 4,000 mm Y-axis, cross 800 mm Z-axis, vertical 1,100 mm Minimum spindle distance in Z-axis with head in vertical position 0 – 1,100 mm Minimum spindle distance in Z-axis with head in horizontal position 375 – 1,475 mm Worktable Table length 4,500 mm Table width 1,050 mm Number of T-slots 7 Size of central T-slot 1 × 18 H7 mm Size of remaining T-slots 6 × 18 H12 mm Distance between T-slots 125 mm Maximum permissible table load: 12,000 daN Main Spindle Tool holder interface ISO 50 DIN 69871 Drawbar standard DS Manufacturer KESSLER Power rating S1 (100%) 60 kW Power rating S6 (40%) 74 kW Torque S1 (100%) 452 Nm Torque S6 (40%) 707 Nm Nominal speed 1,500 rpm Maximum speed: 12,000 rpm Tool clamping force: 120 daN Hirth coupling for turning operations: No OTT rotary union: No Prepared for internal coolant: Yes Internal air coolant during spindle rotation: Yes Dry machining: Yes B-Axis Tilting system Ibarmia TI-C-41 Travel range B-axis ±105° B-axis motor torque ETEL TMB Rotational speed 132 rpm Power rating 26.5 kW Nominal torque 782 Nm Encoder positioning: Heidenhain ERA 4480 C Feed Drives X-/Y-/Z- X-axis QSY 190F EcoDyn Y-axis QSY 190C EcoDyn Z-axis QSY 190C EcoDyn Ijdpfsxmai Aex Aacsbc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, Ref. -No.: 10570 Manufacturer: FERMAT Type: WFT 13 R Year of construction: 2017 Type of control: CNC Control: Heidenhain ITNC 530 Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Czech Republic X-Travel: 4000 mm Y-Travel: 3000 mm Z-Travel: 1500 mm W-Axis: 730 mm V-axis: 700 mm Bore Spindle Diameter: 130 mm Rotary Table (Lxw): 2000 x 3000 mm Table Load: 25000 kg Tool Taper: SK 50 / ISO 50, DIN 69871 Form AD Tool changer: Robi 105 Spindle Speed: 4000 RPM Rapid Travel X/Y/Z: 20000 mm / min Main Drive: Siemens 41 kW S1 kW Servo drive: 2 Pcs pinion: 2 Pcs Internal cooling: 70 bar handwheel: Heidenhain HR 550 spindle support: 250 mm Ejection height: 900 mm Probe: Renishaw RMP 60 Table Diameter: 4300 / 2000 Ø / mm Rapid traverse V-axis: 10000 m / min Further information: - Vertical control panel with integrated keyboard and 15-inch LCD screen - Master-slave system, max. load 20 t, ROD encoder on the B-axis - Heidenhain optical linear system, absolute for the V, W, X, Y, and Z axes Iedpoxmd Uisfx Aacebc - Machine with increased accuracy - Control cabinet with air conditioning - Automatic lubrication system - Automatic clamping of accessory heads - Hydraulic device - Spindle bearing cooling unit for temperature stabilization - Chip conveyor as segment conveyor with integrated pump for coolant circulation (including level gauge and filtration) - CNC adjustable with paper belt filter - Sump pump with level gauge - Manual milling head UHM 30 with automatic clamping The machine can be viewed under power by appointment.

Condition: good (used), Fanuc Level Shifter PREMOSYS VE-P-0001 Level Converter VEP0001 | VE-P Shifter PREMOSYS VE-P-0001 Level Converter This module is used to convert encoder signals fed in by a commercially available encoder. These signals can reach levels from 5 to 24V DC. A potential-free conversion to an output level of 5V DC with RS-422 characteristics takes place. In addition, the pulse frequency of the output signals can be output in divider ratios of 1/2/4/8/16/32/64 and 128, whereby the counting direction can be negated. For this purpose, simply flip a DIP switch. The division ratios refer only to the encoder counting signals (K1 and K2); the encoder zero signal is output undivided. Technical specifications: 5 to 24 V encoder signal input 5 V RS 422 output signals Input frequency up to 1 MHz Ibsdpfxjxl S Ube Aacec Division ratios 1 to 128 Optical status indicator DIN rail mounting Lockable connectors Manufacturer price: €5,680 You can find more Fanuc robots and components in our shop! Some products are also available in larger quantities.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 17,450 h, General Data Measurements width 2700 Measurements depth 2100 Machine weight 4200 Control Unit Brand SIEMENS Model 840D with ShopMill Main Drive Number of axis 4 Movement X-Axis Movement 835 mm X-Axis Rapid Traverse 30 m/min Y-Axis Movement 510 mm Y-Axis Rapid Traverse 30 m/min Z-Axis Movement 510 mm Z-Axis Rapid Traverse 30 m/min Table Ijdpfx Aaexn U Ebscebc Outer length 1000 mm Outer width 560 mm Table load 800 kg Media Chip conveyor Yes Additional Equipment Linear Encoder Measuring System A-axis Electronic Handwheel Internal Coolant – 25 bar / 30 l/min Cabin Roof New Spindle Bearings This 4-axis DMG DECKEL MAHO DMC 835V was manufactured in 2006. Ideal for precision vertical machining, this used machine maintains robust functionality despite its years. Consider the opportunity to buy this DMG DECKEL MAHO DMC 835V vertical machining centre. Contact us for more information. Application Types Milling

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, Technical details grinding length 1250 mm grinding width 600 mm Control SIEMENS LC 200 / TP277 Isdpfx Aasxftafocebc weight of the machine ca. 7,7 t Additional information CNC precision, surface and profile grinding machine CNC control SIEMENS LC 200 / TP277 Dresser - straight Table load maximum to the magnetic chuck 1200 kg Drives: X-axis drive hydraulic Y and Z-axis drive with servo drive and ball screw measuring system: X-axis rotary with rotary encoder Y and Z axis linear scale traverse paths X axis 1400mm Y axis 600mm Z axis 600mm Grinding length 1250 mm Grinding width 600 Distance between table and spindle center 700 mm Grinding wheel diameter 400 mm Grinding wheel width 100 mm Grinding wheel bore 127 mm Note: Machine will be sold without a coolant device.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Siemens 1FT5064-1AF71-4EG0 AC-VSA motor SN:EH510042327001 with Balluff BDG6360-2-05-W031.1000-65 / rotary encoder, professionally completely overhauled and tested with 12 months warranty, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos, the agreed sales discounts do not apply to this article. Please ask for price separately! Iedpfx Aori Ehlsacebc

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, faceplate diameter: 4,000 mm, travel distance X-axis: 4,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, controller model: Siemens Sinumerik 840D-sl, clamping range: 8,000 mm, year of last overhaul: 2010, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! The machine was originally built in 1985 and was completely overhauled in 2010! Ibodpoxfic Ajfx Aacsc TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel distance X-axis: 4,500 mm Travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm Faceplate diameter: 4,000 mm Clamping range: 0 – 8,000 mm/min Spindle speeds Stage 1: 0.7 – 5.6 rpm Stage 2: 2.8 – 22.4 rpm Stage 3: 2.1 – 56 rpm MACHINE DETAILS Measuring system X-axis: Absolute encoder Z-axis: Absolute encoder C-axis: ROD – 280 Heidenhain 1PH6206 75 kW Drives Drive X: Servo motor 1FT6086 Drive Z: Servo motor 1FT6086 Control unit: Siemens Sinumerik 840D-sl Electrical data Operating voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Control voltage: 24 V DC Main fuse: 250 A Total power consumption: 120 kW Total rated current: 200 A EQUIPMENT Chip conveyor Hydraulic unit

Condition: good (used), This listing is for a DOMINO BITJET +V4.50 .It is sold as seen. Item was fully operational before factory closure and has been maintained throughout its life. Prints from 60dpi to 240 dpi Linear Speeds up to 800m per minute . Comes with the GT editor Rack Dimensions: 860mm (D) x 1300mm (H) x 450mm (W) 33.8” (D) x 51.2” (H) x 17.7” (W) • Stainless steel construction 120v or 230v, 50/60HZ, • Shaft encoder input, NPN O/C or line driver, 12v or 5v • TCP/IP – Domino Editor GT and third party controller range Isdpfjgvak Djx Aacebc

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, overall weight: 10,000 kg, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, feed length X-axis: 120 mm, feed length Y-axis: 200 mm, feed length Z-axis: 170 mm, GB-A1500 Fully automatic high-speed bending center Bending length (mm): 1500 Bending height (mm): 4side160 4side170/2side350 4side350 Minimum molding size: (Fold 4 sides) (mm) 4 sides 160: 350*250 4 sides 170/2 sides 350: 350*250 4 sides 350: 350*250 Maximum bending size (mm) 1500*1500 X-axis travel: 120 Y axis travel: 4 sides 160: 200 4 sides 170/2 sides 350 305 4 sides 350: 305 Z-axis travel: 4 sides 160: 170 4 sides 170/2 sides 350: 357 4 sides 350: 357 Pressing knife height: 4 sides 160: 177 4 sides 170/2 sides 350: 177 4 sides 350: 357 Number of axes: suction cup: 11 Pressure arm: 14 Machine power (KW) suction cup: 34.7 Pressure arm: 36.35 Maximum bending thickness of aluminum plate (mm): 3 Maximum bending thickness of iron plate (mm): 2 Maximum bending thickness of stainless steel (mm): 1.5 Ijdpfx Aasv Ikvgocobc Maximum bending speed (s/knife) : 0.2 Overall dimensions (mm) long (front) 4 sides 160: 1890 2-4 sides 350 suction cups: 1890 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 1890 Width (side) 4 sides 160： 3300 2-4 sides 350 suction cups：3536 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 4127 4 sides 160: 2666 2-4 sides 350 suction cups: 2946 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 2946 Weight (approx. kg) 4 sides: 160 2-4 sides 350 suction cups: 10000 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 10000 1) Machine frame is heaviest welded con struction,stess released by annealing process,this has minimized deflection of the frame. 2) Y Axis full closed loop control 3) Proportional hydraulic compensation system to prevent deformation 4) German HEIDENHAIN linear encoder 5) Taiwan HIWIN ball screw and linear guide rail ,high performance AC Japanese Yaskawa AC servo motors and drives 6) Rich functions CYBELEC/DELEM professional control system 7) Electro-hydraulic servo synchronization module and Greman BOSCH pressure module 8) +/-0.01mm repeat accuracies 9) +/-0.01mm parallelism accuracies

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, High-Performance Machining Center Spinner VC1200-HS / Siemens 840 SolutionLine Technology: In-line direct drive Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Power: 28 kW Torque: 178 Nm Ibodexcwf Hjpfx Aacoc Tool holder: SK 40 General: - Equipped with Siemens 840DE-SolutionLine control system and 15" color screen - Features graphical user interface for shop-floor programming (Siemens "Shop-Mill") and software version "Operate" - Milling spindle up to 12,000 rpm with in-line direct drive - Travels: X-1200 mm, Y-730 mm, Z-650 mm - Rapid traverse: 48 m/min - Tool taper size 40 according to DIN 69871-A, pull studs according to DIN 69872-A - Air blast unit for spindle taper - High-speed automatic tool changer (double-arm) for 32 tools Tool Magazine: - 32 magazine positions, double-arm tool changer - Clamping surface: 1,400 x 710 mm - Max. table load: 1,000 kg - Rapid traverse in X/Y/Z: 48 m/min - Linear guides in all 3 axes - Full enclosure with work area lighting - 4th axis with Siemens motor and direct measuring system (Heidenhain encoder) Further Equipment: - Chip disposal via scraper belt chip conveyor - Coolant supply with internal coolant system (IKZ), filter, 22 bar, and additional 350-liter tank - Direct path measuring systems in X/Y/Z (glass scales) - Workpiece measurement with touch probe, BLUM TC52 - Tool magazine: double-arm tool changer, 32 tools - Compressed air: connection at the spindle head - Control options: Siemens MyDynamics, milling package, 4 axes - 4th-axis rotary table MRNC-320N with Siemens motor and direct measuring system (Heidenhain encoder) - Tailstock NTTS-320, height-adjustable for rotary table

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, Technical details workpiece diameter 500 mm workpiece weight 300 kg workpiece height 400 mm total power requirement 18 kW dimensions of the machine ca. 2500 x 2700 x 2800 mm Additional information ELB high-precision rotary table surface grinding machine Machine comes from a plant closure. Equipment: Magnetic rotary table diameter 600 mm Coolant system with paper belt filter With NK grinding program The NK grinding program enables the quick and optimal processing of workpieces with different processing dimensions. Depending on the workpiece to be processed, you can choose between a face and plunge grinding cycle. An attached measuring system with 0.001 measuring accuracy records the grinding wheel feed and controls the automatic grinding Iodpfxoxfr Tkj Aacebc cycle with its subsequent electronics. This consists of different adjustable feed sizes of the grinding wheel. Deactivation of the feed when the target size of the workpiece is reached, adjustable spark-out time, return of the wheel and the machine table to the starting position. The dressing amount of the grinding wheel is automatically compensated and shown in the digital display of the Y-axis. The wheel wear caused by grinding is compensated during dressing. Roughing amounts 0.002-0.03 mm Finishing amounts 0.001-0.015 mm Sparking strokes Z-axis 0-15 mm Lifting amount optionally 0-2.8 mm or back to starting position Electronic handwheel switchable for B-Y-Z axis Machine cover with manually operated sliding door for loading and unloading Technical data: Grinding diameter 500 mm Grinding height 400 mm Table load 300 kg Rotary table speed 20-80 rpm. Y-axis vertical adjustment of the grinding wheel Feed max. 300 mm/min. Displacement measuring system incremental rotary encoder, resolution 0.001 mm Z-axis transverse adjustment of the grinding wheel Automatic transverse travel max. 330 mm Transverse feed 4-1500 mm/min. adjustable Displacement measuring system incremental rotary encoder, resolution 0.001 mm Grinding spindle head Grinding spindle drive 10 kW Grinding spindle speed adjustable via frequency controller Grinding spindle cone 60 mm Grinding wheel 400 x 100 x 127 mm Control cabinet Dimensions L1600 x H2200 x D500 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Baumüller GNAF 112-LV direct current shunt motor without encoder, serial number as per photo, professionally completely overhauled and tested with 12 months warranty, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photo. The agreed sales discounts do not apply to this item. Please request the price separately. ATTENTION: Please enquire separately about costs for packaging and shipping! ATTENTION: Please enquire for charges for packing and transport separately! Ijdpfx Aaswn R A Escobc

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain ECN 223 2048 rotary encoder . 377 749-03 SN:14526893X , professionally completely overhauled and tested with 6 months warranty, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos Iodpom A Rpisfx Aacobc

Condition: ready for operation (used), Siemens 1FT5074-0AC01-0 - Z Permanent magnet motor SN:E8C88480003001 , Z= G51: prepared for encoder system ,used, normal signs of wear, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos Iodpfsvgpppex Aacjbc