Used Doosan Dx 480 for sale (273)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: H2017, overall weight: 68 kg, load capacity: 20 kg, arm reach: 1,700 mm, pivoting range: 360 °, type of input current: three-phase, The Doosan H2017 is an advanced collaborative robot (cobot) that combines high performance with maximum safety and precision. Dedpjz Sxc Refx Acyjwd With a lifting capacity of up to 20 kg and a reach of 1,700 mm, the H2017 is ideal for heavy and space-intensive tasks in industry, production, and logistics. The robot is equipped with six integrated high-performance torque sensors, which ensure extremely precise motion control and safe operation in collaboration with humans. This technology makes the H2017 particularly suitable for tasks where both strength and sensitivity are crucial – such as palletizing, machine tending, assembly, and handling of heavy items. Benefits of the Doosan H2017: ✅ High payload of 20 kg – perfect for heavy lifting ✅ Long reach (1,700 mm) – increased flexibility and coverage ✅ Six torque sensors – precise, stable, and safe collaboration ✅ Intuitive programming – quick implementation and startup ✅ Advanced safety features – meets international standards ✅ Robust and reliable design – suitable for industrial environments Ideal for: Palletizing and depalletizing Machine tending Assembly and joining Internal logistics and material handling Automation of manual and ergonomically demanding tasks With the Doosan H2017, you get a future-proof cobot that increases productivity, reduces the strain on employees, and delivers consistently high quality – every time. Availability: We have some almost new Doosan H2017 units for sale – still in their original packaging.

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 8,235 h, Internal combustion forklift Machine brand: DOOSAN Model: D90S-5 Dwedpfxez E S Eqs Acyed Year of manufacture: 2012 Hour meter reading: 8235 Own weight (kg): 12197 Load capacity (kg): 9000 Lifting height (mm): 3100 Side shift forks Mast type: STD Fuel type: diesel Recently underwent a major technical inspection at 8060 operating hours. - new tires - new forks - cylinder regeneration - transmission: discs + seals - brakes: discs and bearings - all oils, fluids, and filters Technical condition: used, good

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, MAKE DAEWOO DOOSAN, MADE IN KOREA MODEL MYNX SERIES NM 410 YEAR 2006 CONTROL FANUC 0iMC TABLE SIZE 920.0 x 430.0mm TRAVERSES (X, Y, Z axes) 762.0 x 410.0 x 510.0mm SPINDLE SPEED Upto 8,000rpm SPINDLE SIZE BT 40 ATC 20 stations SPINDLE POWER 11.0Kw/15.0HP Dedj Ah Td Sopfx Acyowd MAX. TABLE LOAD 600.0kgs MACHINE DIMENSIONS 2200.0 x 2600.0 x 2600.0 mm MACHINE WEIGHT 5000kgs PLUS SIDE ARM TOOL CHANGER COOLANT SYSTEM SET OF MANUALS

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, overall weight: 3,500 kg, bar diameter (max.): 32 mm, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: Series 31i-MODEL A, number of axes: 7, This 7-axis DOOSAN Puma ST32G was manufactured in 2012. It features a maximum machining diameter of 32 mm and includes a main spindle with a Z1/C1 axis. The machine is equipped with 6 turning tools and 4 driven cross-machining tools, providing versatile capabilities. If you are looking to get high-quality turning capabilities, consider the DOOSAN Puma ST32G swiss type turning machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. - Completely overhauled in 2022- Maximum Machining Diameter: 32 mm- Number of Axes: 7 (X1, Z1, C1, Y, X2, Z2, C2)- Main Spindle (Front Side): 1, Z1 / C1 Axis- Turning Tools (Front Side): 6 pieces (12 x 12 x 120)- Cross-Machining Tools (Front Side): 4 pieces (ER16) driven- Tool Holders (Front Side): 4 pieces (ER16M) driven- Sub-Spindle (Rear Side): 1 piece, X2 / Z2 / C2 Axis- Rear Tool Holder: 2 fixed tools and 2 driven tools- Deep-Hole Drilling: 2 tools- CNC Control Unit: FANUC Series 31i-MODEL A- Power Supply: AC 200/220V, 3 Phase, PE, 50/60 Hz- Rated Power: 21.04 kW- Interrupting Current: 5.0 kA- Full Load Current: 33.18 A- Short Circuit Current: 10.0 kA- Circuit Diagram Version: ST20H31AA09- Machine Weight: 3,500 kg- Optional Equipment:Profluid High-Pressure Coolant System (Model: PFMF-7015-S4)Bar feeder FMB Turbo 3-36 (Bar capacity: 3–26 mm / nominal 3–36 mm, Bar length: 3,200 mm) (2012) Technical Specification Counter Spindle Yes Dedpfx Aco Ahzbdsyswd

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, spindle bore: 52 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 15 W, overall weight: 3,500 kg, For sale: DOOSAN LYNX 220MA CNC turning center, year 2007, equipped with driven tools, C-axis, and FMB SL 80 S automatic short-bar feeder. Technical specifications Manufacturer: DOOSAN Infracore Model: LYNX 220MA Year of manufacture: 2007 CNC control: DOOSAN-FANUC Maximum turning diameter: 250 mm Maximum turning length: 290 mm Maximum bar capacity: 51 mm Main spindle speed: 6,000 rpm Main spindle motor: 15 / 11 kW Chuck size: 6" Turret: 12 stations Driven tools / live tooling: Yes Maximum live tool speed: 6,000 rpm Live tooling motor: 3.7 kW C-axis: Yes Included equipment FMB SL 80 S automatic short-bar feeder Driven-tool turret C-axis for milling and drilling operations Chip conveyor Tool holders visible in the photographs The machine is suitable for automatic bar machining, including turning, drilling, tapping, and milling operations. Location: Slovenia, EU Dwodpfx Ae Aay Ntscyod

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Doosan Turning Center 2 Axes (X, Z) Model: Puma GT2100B Year: 2018 CNC: Fanuc CE Certification Dsdpfx Asz St Tqocyjwd Chip Conveyor: Operational ✅ Documentation: Available ✅ Chuck: Operational ✅

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, Swing over bed 600mm, swing over carriage 400mm, 65mm bar capacity, machining diameter 350mm, machining length 330mm, 12 position turret, Dwsdpfxoz Rz Aqj Acysd Fanuc series I control, Spindle 4500 rpm, swarf conveyor, tool setter, tailstock

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 60,000 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 240 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 450 mm, chuck outer diameter: 381 mm, spindle speed (min.): 2,500 rpm, turning diameter: 580 mm, total length: 2,900 mm, total height: 2,770 mm, total width: 2,700 mm, turning length: 450 mm, turning height: 450 mm, overall weight: 13,000 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, Used DOOSAN Mecatec V450TM twin-spindle CNC vertical turning centre, fitted with FANUC Series 18i-TB CNC control. The machine has been modified with two SAUTER VDI50 tool turrets, each offering 12 tool stations and driven-tool capability (24 tool positions in total). C-axis. Turret arrangement supports combined turning, drilling and milling operations. Dedoz Sx Nkepfx Acyswd

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 115,503 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,270 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 670 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 625 mm, torque: 100 Nm, controller manufacturer: Fanuc, workpiece width (max.): 670 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 1,000 kg, total height: 2,940 mm, total width: 2,750 mm, table width: 670 mm, table length: 1,400 mm, table load: 1,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, coolant supply: 8 bar, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, input voltage: 420 V, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: documentation/manual, BT 40. No chip conveyor. Dsdpfx Asyx U Nwjcyewd

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, Swing over bed 900mm, Swing over saddle 690 mm, Maximum turning diameter 650mm, maximum turning length 3070mm, bar capacity 165.5mm, Spindle speed 1,500rpm, milling speed 4,000rpm, spindle power 45/37KW, 12 station turret, Dwsdpfxez Ehvfs Acyod Fanuc I Plus control. 3 jaw chuck, tool setter, Hydraulic steady, swarf conveyor,

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, travel distance X-axis: 1,525 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 762 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 625 mm, overall weight: 13,500 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis DOOSAN Mynx 7500 was manufactured in 2011. It features an impressive X-axis travel of 1,525 mm, Y-axis travel of 762 mm, and Z-axis travel of 625 mm. The machine is equipped with a spindle speed of 12,000 rpm and a tool changer capacity of 30 stations. If you are looking to get high-quality machining capabilities, consider the DOOSAN Mynx 7500 vertical machining centre we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Dwodo Ah Exdopfx Acyod - Control Unit: DOOSAN-FANUC i Series - Tool Changer Capacity: 30 stations - Through-Spindle Coolant (TSC): 20 bar - External Coolant: Yes - Measuring Probe: Renishaw probe - Operating Hours - Cutting Time: 40,592 h - Operating Hours - Cycle Time: 2,760 h - Operating Hours - Part Count: 277 - Power Supply: AC 200/220V, 3 Phase, PE, 50/60 Hz - Rated Power: 38.35 kVA - Full Load Current: 137.34 A - Interrupting Capacity: 5 kA - Short Circuit Capacity: 10 kA - Total Machine Weight: 13,500 kg Technical Specification Taper Size SK 40

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, 230mm Swing, 230mm Max Turned Diameter, 230mm maximum turning length, 12 + 12 Station Turrets, 65mm Bar Capacity, 5000rpm 15KW Main Spindle, Fanuc 31i Control, C Axis to both Spindles, Dwedpfx Acsz Sqcvsyjd 5000rpm Sub Spindle, +/-50mm Y axis, coolant, swarf conveyor, tool setter, parts catcher, Magazine Bar-feed.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, 780mm Swing, 630mm Swing over the Cross-Slide, 481mm Max Cutting Diameter, 790mm max cutting length, 12 Station Turret, 76mm bar capacity, Dwjdpfo Aggfbex Acyed 3500rpm, 22kW Spindle, Fanuc i, Tool setter, 10” 3 jaw chuck, Low Volt Light, Tailstock, Swarf Conveyor,parts catcher, Coolant.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, overall weight: 12,500 kg, Vertical, heavy-duty CNC turning machine with Fanuc control; 630 power chuck; 850 mm turning diameter; Djdps Aggdhofx Acyjwd no driven tools; good condition; chip conveyor; various tool holders; machine manuals and documentation; without coolant tank and pumps – can be retrofitted if required; ideal for dry machining.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 7,500 h, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 760 mm, turning diameter over cross slide: 406 mm, spindle motor power: 18 W, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, spindle bore: 76 mm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 105 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 830 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Automatic measuring arm Chip conveyor Parts collector Set of tool holders, including 2 motorized ones Presetting tools Chip conveyor Parts collector Set of tool holders, including 2 motorized ones Dwedpfx Acozzap Esysd

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 4,000 h, functionality: fully functional, CNC turning center Doosan Puma 700 XLY II Turning length: 5,050 mm Turning diameter: 700 mm with driven tools and Y-axis Basic equipment: - CNC control Fanuc 0i with Manual Guide i - 45" inclined bed in tubular construction - Main spindle with 4 bearings. Spindle bearing accuracy class P 4 - Lifetime lubrication - Internal clamping device hydraulically actuated with internal clamping cylinder complete with safety device, coolant collection tray, stroke control and draw rod - Automatic central lubrication - Tailstock programmable - Flat bed guides hardened and counter surface coated with Rulon 142 - Coolant system with 7 bar delivery pressure Dwedpfx Ajzlcyuscyjd - Guide rail cover Z-axis - Full enclosure - Watertight work area lighting - Integrated alignment screws and mounting plates Including Doosan options: - Tailstock programmable (towed by the turret) - Oil skimmer - Coolant system with 14 bar delivery pressure - Electronic tool breakage monitoring - Automatic tool measuring arm - 3-color warning light - Clamping force monitoring - Additional handwheel - NC option Arbitrary Speed Threading - 2x Drilling & Milling head BMT 85 CC PRECI-FLEX; straight ER50 - 2x Drilling & Milling head BMT 85 CC PRECI-FLEX; angled ER50 - Preparation for programmable hydraulic steady rest (includes complete basic body, connected to open/close the steady rest via M-function and the basic body can be automatically positioned in the Z-direction, towed by the cross slide without the steady rest) Schunk ROTA NC 630-180 2520-Sv90" Chuck diameter 630 mm Manufacturer Schunk with involute gearing 90" incl. flange and draw rod adapter Steady rest RX6-ZSW-100520 50-SCUW-95 self-centering, hydraulic steady rest, sealed housing (proofline), measuring system for clamping range monitoring (SCU-V), integrated flushing channels / chip protection, flushing nozzles, extra compact design, integrated cylinder with pressure converter. Clamping range from 100mm to 520mm Brinkmann pressure boosting pump 30 bar incl. 50p Mahle filter approx. 30 bar, can be switched on via M-function incl. cartridge filter Coolant gun with its own pump Coolant gun for cleaning the work area when the door is open In automatic operation without function Hinged belt chip conveyor, discharge on the right, inclination angle 50 degrees, discharge height 1150 mm Chip cart Type SKM750; 0.75m3 volume; 1000kg load capacity; with rollers and forklift pockets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, travel -x axis 1.300 mm travel -y axis 670 mm travel -z axis 625 mm control HEIDENHAIN - TNC 620 number of spindle speeds 12.000 U/min Dsdpfxj Adfluj Acyewd tool taper SK 40 table dimension (L x W) 1.500 x 670 mm numbers of positions in the tool changer 30 Milling machining centers - vertical | DOOSAN - DNM 6700 equipped with 30-way tool changer, ITC cooling system and chip conveyor. The machine only has 13.600 spindle hours. The machine is in well-maintained condition, has been used exclusively for machining aluminium and plastics, and is available for inspection under power at any time. The machine video from the production plant will be shared on request. Please refer to further technical details in the attachement of the offer. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #Tags: DNM5700 | DNM-5700

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, Traverses X Y Z; 1300 x 670 x 625mm, Table size 1500 x 670mm, maximum table load 1300 kgs. Dwodozzzwqspfx Acyod min-max height spindle to table 150-775mm, spindle speed 12,000rpm, spindle taper BT40, 30 station ATC spindle power 18.5 Kw, Fanuc OI series control, Through spindle coolant.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 3,204 h, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 390 mm, turning length: 562 mm, turning diameter: 390 mm, spindle bore: 76 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 230 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 580 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, total height: 1,700 mm, total length: 2,834 mm, total width: 1,628 mm, turning diameter over bed slide: 600 mm, overall weight: 3,500 kg, bar passage: 65 mm, chuck outer diameter: 210 mm, spindle nose: ASA A2#6, Equipment: documentation/manual, Doosan Puma GT 2100 CNC lathe, year 2016, in excellent working condition and ready for production. Reliable and high-performance machine, ideal for precision turning operations in small and medium batch production. Equipped with tailstock, 12-position static turret, tool presetting system, 6 boring bar holders, and chip conveyor. Only 3,204 cutting hours. The machine is sold complete with all paper manuals. Robust construction, high accuracy, and excellent productivity. An ideal solution for machine shops and subcontractors looking for a modern CNC lathe fully equipped with accessories. Machine available for inspection under power by appointment. Djdpfx Acsy Dunweyjwd

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, DOOSAN MX2000ST 9 AXIS MILL TURN CENTER Sub spindle and bottom Turret Both spindles have 200mm power chucks on at the moment but we also have a Heinbuck collet chuck available Dodpfjydigmjx Acyewd good package of tooling Shown working on our motorsport jobs all done in one! Can be demonstrated if required.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 5381-2013, Year of construction: 2013, load capacity: 1,600 kg, fuel type: electric, battery model: DIN 43535, 3PzS or 4EPzS types, remaining battery capacity: 90 %, battery voltage: 24 V, fork carriage width: 800 mm, fork length: 1,195 mm, turning radius (outer): 1,780 mm, overall weight: 1,540 kg, total height: 4,790 mm, total width: 880 mm, Equipment: pallet forks, Doosan LEDS16IP — 1.6t electric platform stacker General Dodpfx Aoz Tdirscyewd Drive: Electric, walk-behind Capacity (Q): 1.6 t (1,600 kg) Load centre distance (C): 600 mm Load distance (X): 836 mm Year 2013 Serial Number 5381-2013 Max. mast height 4,790 mm Unladen weight incl. battery: 1,540 kg Initial lift (h5): 120 mm Overall width (b1): 880 mm Fork dimensions (thickness/length): 185 / 1,195 mm Outer fork spread (b5): 575 mm Aisle width for 800×1200 pallet, lengthways (Ast): 2,520 mm Turning radius (Wa): 1,780 mm Performance Travel speed, laden/unladen: 9.0 / 10 km/h Travel speed, pedestrian/stacking mode: 5 / 3.5 km/h Lift speed, laden/unladen: 0.13 / 0.20 m/s Lowering speed, laden/unladen: 0.49 / 0.23 m/s Gradeability, laden/unladen: 6 / 8 % Electrics Drive motor (AC): 2.3 kW Lift motor (DC): 3 kW Battery: 24V, up to 500 Ah (DIN 43535, 3PzS or 4EPzS types) Max. battery weight: 400 kg Controller: AC pulse control (drive and lift)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 11906001, load capacity: 10 kg, arm reach: 1,300 mm, teach pendant manufacturer: Teach Pendant, Equipment: documentation/manual, Doosan M1013 Cobot NEW, 0 operating hours + Teach Pendant + 2x OnRobot 3FG15 + Dual Quick Changer Description Doosan Robotics M1013 Cobot – NEW – 0 operating hours – including Teach Pendant & 2x OnRobot 3FG15 and Dual Quick Changer. Doosan M1013 complete package – manufactured in 2023 – unused. For sale is a Doosan Robotics M1013, manufactured in 2023, in new and unused condition. The robot has not been put into operation and has 0 operating hours. The components are in their original packaging or in very good condition. Included in the scope of delivery: Doosan Robotics M1013 Cobot Doosan Teach Pendant Doosan Control Box all necessary connection cables original packaging programming/operating manuals 2 x OnRobot 3FG15 grippers OnRobot Dual Quick Changer suitable accessories and mounting material Dwodpfx Acszx T Atsyod Thus, a complete package for professional automation applications is offered. The M1013 is suitable, for example, for: Machine loading Pick & Place Assembly operations Handling Parts feeding Quality control flexible automation of production processes Technical data Manufacturer: Doosan Robotics Model: M1013 Year of manufacture: 2023 Condition: New / unused Operating hours: 0 Payload: 10 kg Reach: 1,300 mm Axes: 6

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MVH1009, travel distance X-axis: 610 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 760 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, overall weight: 5,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, Doosna VM50 Machining Center, fully functional, Siemens control. Spindle taper: BT40 Spindle speed: 0 – 8000 rpm Work table: 700 × 520 mm Axis travel: X=610 mm / Y=760 mm / Z=510 mm Tool magazine: ATC 12 (with arm) Equipment: Automatic tool changer ATC 12 Chip conveyor Dsdoz S Awlopfx Acyjwd Spindle coolant system

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, DOOSAN PUMA 2600S – CNC turning center with subspindle, FANUC, year 2012 We offer for sale a DOOSAN PUMA 2600S CNC turning center with subspindle, equipped with a reliable DOOSAN-FANUC i Series control system. Dedpfj Acnp Tox Acyowd The machine is in operation and can be demonstrated and tested upon request. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Doosan Infracore Model: PUMA 2600S Year of manufacture: 09/2012 Serial number: ML0218-000034 CNC control: DOOSAN-FANUC i Series Configuration: main spindle + subspindle Max. turning diameter: approx. 376 mm Max. turning length: approx. 760 mm Main spindle chuck: approx. 10" Bar capacity through main spindle: approx. 76 mm Max. main spindle speed: approx. 3,500 rpm Main spindle power: approx. 18.5 / 22 kW X-axis travel: approx. 260 mm Z-axis travel: approx. 830 mm Turret: 12 positions Automatic subspindle for complete part machining Chip conveyor Rated machine power: 40.7 kVA Power supply: 200/220 V, 3 phases, 50/60 Hz Machine weight: 5,400 kg Robust CNC turning center suitable for both series and single-piece production. Thanks to the subspindle, it enables machining of the part from both sides without the need for manual switching between individual operations. The machine is currently powered on and can be demonstrated in operation.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 4,300 h, functionality: fully functional, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, spindle speed (min.): 6,000 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, feed length X-axis: 135 mm, feed length Z-axis: 530 mm, bar passage: 51 mm, feed rate X-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 40 m/min, chuck outer diameter: 152 mm, bar diameter (max.): 51 mm, overall weight: 8,100 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, We offer this DOOSAN PUMA TT1300SYYB CNC turning and milling center, in like-new condition, manufactured in 2020. Manufacturer: DOOSAN Model: PUMA TT1300SYYB Year of manufacture: 2020 Condition: Like new Category ID: 1128 Type ID: 2239 Machine type: CNC turning and milling center If you have any questions or need more information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us. A nearly new DOOSAN PUMA TT1300SYYB from February 2020 is for sale, with the option to purchase an LNS SPRINT 565 S2 automatic bar feeder for an additional €20,000. It has 6 motorized tool holders (3 axial and 3 radial) and only 3,800 cutting hours. This is a high-end, multitasking CNC lathe with a double spindle and double motorized turret with a double, independent Y-axis in both positions. A unique machine in its category, designed for complete machining in a single setup. -Synchronized double spindle -Double turret with motorized tools -Upper and lower Y-axis (SYYB configuration) -Simultaneous machining of both sides -Drastic reduction of cycle times Dwjdpeyryymjfx Acyod -High precision and thermal stability -Spindle speed up to 6,000 rpm -Bar capacity up to Ø51 mm -2 Hainbuch tool holders Special price: 140,000 EUR, WORKING HOURS: ONLY 3,800 CUTTING HOURS. Available for inspection and operational testing. Simultaneous machining with two turrets. Automatic transfer between main and sub-spindle. Possibility of completing the entire part in a single operation. Ideal for use with a bar feeder. Significant reduction in cycle times compared to a single-spindle lathe.