Used Scm for sale (583)

Condition: used, Ferwood Code: RU0010598 - Manufacturer Code: G042300060 - Condition: Used - Compatible Machine: SCM EDGE BANDING MACHINE - If interested we offer a revision service, contact us. Lsdpfx Aevazhdoa Ejta

Year of construction: 2007, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, workpiece length (max.): 3,200 mm, workpiece width (max.): 200 mm, workpiece height (max.): 130 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Workpiece Dimensions Max. workpiece length: 3,200 mm Min. workpiece length: 200 mm Max. workpiece thickness: 130 mm Min. workpiece thickness: 30 mm Max. workpiece width: 200 mm Min. workpiece width: 30 mm Tenoning Carriage Tenon length at max. tenoning diameter: 320 mm Tenoning carriage speed: 0 - 40 m/min Profiling speed: 4 - 20 m/min Table height for profiling: 850 mm Feed roller diameter: 100 mm Distance between feed rollers: 150 mm Crosscut Saw Motor power: 4 kW Speed: 3,000 rpm Spindle diameter: 40 mm Max. tool diameter: 400 mm Ltjdpfx Ajxx Un Rea Eoa Milling Unit for Tenoning High-performance spindle with upper bearing: Diameter 50 mm, length 620 mm Motor power: 7.5 kW Speed: 3,500 rpm Max. tool diameter: 320 mm Axis travel below work table: 575 mm Milling Unit for Profiling Spindle: 50 x 320 mm Motor power: 7.5 kW Speed: 6,000 rpm Min./max. tool diameter: 130 - 250 mm Spindle Speed: 1,000 - 12,000 rpm Max. motor power: 11 kW Max. tool diameter: 230 mm Tool positions: 24 Max. weight per tool: 10 kg EQUIPMENT Automatic chip protection Jolly Automatic brake RAPID 24 automatic tool changer Fast vertical adjustment via brushless motors Water cooling for electrospindle Vector rotary axis for 360° electrospindle rotation Note: Further technical details can be found in the attached document!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, Edge Banding Machine SCM Model Olympic 500 HP 'T-ER2' Offer type: LEASE RETURN, Used machine Availability: Immediate Location: In stock Condition: As new Year of manufacture: 2023 GENERAL: A comprehensive and versatile edge banding machine designed for small and medium-sized enterprises, capable of processing a wide range of materials to a high-quality standard within a compact footprint. The SCM Olympic 500 features an electronic adjustment system and enables the machining of 2 radii, each with its own tooling, for workpieces with a minimum width of 60 mm. HIGHLIGHTS: • Large touchscreen control panel with “Maestro active edge” software for human-machine interface (HMI) • Maestro connect: prepared for later installation, no gateway required • 2-radius processing, chamfering at all units with multi-edge tooling - Fine trimming and radiusing unit, radius = 1 mm - Fine trimming and radiusing unit, radius = 2 mm • Electronic positioning of the pressure beam OPTIONAL MACHINE EQUIPMENT: Workpiece spacer at infeed KIT “SAV€NERGY” Interior lighting for the enclosure and edge banding area “Nesting” pressure roller kit Release agent spray unit “AAR” Finishing spray unit for edge processing Spray unit for sensitive edges Jointing cutter unit “RT-V1” “EASY SIZE” device – electronic fast adjustment of the jointing cutter Glue unit “VC-VM” Ceramic lamp with infrared for pre-heating workpieces Electronic positioning of all pressure rollers End trimming unit “K-2 Radius” Chamfer and radius trimming unit “R-HP Multiedge 2R” Corner rounding unit “Round 2-A Multiedge 1R” KIT 'MULTIEDGE 3' with automatic position change straight/R/R for “Round 2-A Multiedge 1R” unit Radius scraper aggregate “RAS-HP Multiedge 2R” Flat scraper aggregate “RC-N” Buffing unit “SP-V” MACHINE LANGUAGE: German TECHNICAL DATA: Ltjdpfxoq A Tyzj Aa Eea Edge thickness: 0.4–6 mm Workpiece thickness: 8–60 mm Min. workpiece width: 60 mm Feed speed: 12 m/min Machine length: approx. 4950 mm SPECIAL PRICE FOR LEASE RETURN!!

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7288 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. workpiece width: 230 mm - Max. workpiece height: 130 mm 6 spindles: 1) Bottom horizontal: 230 mm, 7.5 kW 2) Right vertical: 130 mm 3) Left vertical: 130 mm; (spindle 2 and 3): 15 kW Spindle 3 with electric right/left adjustment 4) Top horizontal: 230 mm, 11 kW 4th spindle with electric up/down adjustment 5) Bottom horizontal: 230 mm, 7.5 kW 6) Universal: 230 mm, 360° adjustable, 11 kW - All spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - All spindles equipped with brake - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - Top infeed: 4 steel, toothed, powered rollers (incl. 2 double rollers) - Top outfeed: 3 smooth, rubber, powered rollers (incl. 2 double rollers) - Bottom outfeed: 2 rubber, powered rollers - Bottom side pressure: 3 units - Variable feed speed adjustment Ltjdpfxorwmp Uo Aa Eoa - Pneumatic feed rollers - Feed motor: 3 kW - Electric adjustment of planing thickness - Body lifting motor: 0.37 kW - Infeed table length: 2,480 mm - Enclosed in safety cabin - Centralised table lubrication - Extraction port diameters: 130 mm, 140 mm, 4x125 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 4,960 x 1,760 x 1,700 mm - Weight: approx. 3,500 kg ADVANTAGES – Manufactured in Italy – 6-head configuration – Machine is in original paint (not repainted) – All spindles equipped with brake – Last spindle is universal – Used planer, in very good condition Original photos Net price: 54,900 PLN Net price: 13,070 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices may change due to exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), SCM F520 Class Planer Working width: 520 mm 4-knife cutterblock Traditional knives Electronic lifting and lowering of the worktable Main fence adjustable up to 45° Table length: 3000 mm Ljdpfx Aaox H S Dne Eota CE certificate Technical documentation (DTR) Year of manufacture: 2014

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, cutting length (max.): 3,200 mm, cutting width (max.): 1,250 mm, saw blade diameter: 400 mm, main saw diameter: 400 mm, type of input current: three-phase, CIRCULAR SAW model SCM SI 4 . CN NEW machine in prompt delivery CE regulation: YES CN control "READY" 2 controlled NC axes (lifting and tilting of the blade) - blade lifting and tilting management - tool data settings with automatic correction of the height of the blade with respect to the inclination - electric and automatic NC mode with 99 storable programs digital display on the parallel guide n.02 reversible stops on the squaring guide extension floor out Lodpfoglp I Njx Aa Esta with scoring unit : YES max diameter saw blade 400 mm length of the squaring carriage mm 3200 main blade motor power Hp 9.5 scoring unit motor power Hp 1,7 3 main blade rotation speed rpm. 3000 /4000 / 5000 volt. 380/50

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Ferwood Code: AGG0014 - Condition: Used - Functionality: Not tested - Compatible Machine: CNC SCM - If interested, we offer a refurbishment service, please contact us. Weight and transport dimensions: 3.5 kg 36x26x21 cm Ltedpfxjvu Ahne Aa Eja

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, The machine is in used but good condition. The machine runs perfectly. Ledjxxn Tmepfx Aa Esta The unit requires fine adjustment. If you have any questions or are interested, feel free to contact us!

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007691, X axis working area: 2440 mm Y axis working area: 1220 mm Working Table: Flat table Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Ltedpfx Aaou Rigyj Eja Total number of drilling spindles: 11 Total number of tool changer positions: 8

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7791 Lodpfx Aexpvk Ija Esta TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - max diameter of main blade with scorer: 350mm - max cutting height: 105mm - main blade adjustable up/down + tilt - spindle diameter: 30mm - spindle lock - with sliding table - cutting length on the sliding table: 1430mm - cutting width at rip fence: 1000mm - with side table - with scorer - max scorer diameter: 80mm - scorer spindle diameter: 20mm - main motor: 5.5kW - extraction port diameter: 100mm - table dimension: 115x625mm - table size with extension and widening: 2150x1105mm - blade guard - 3 blade speeds: 3200/4500/6000rpm - dimensions (L/W/H): 2300x3350x1520mm - weight: 746kg Net price: 11,900 PLN Net price: 2,830 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, Technical Description SCM Topset XL Planer Moulder – 9 Spindles 1. General Description The SCM Topset XL is a four-sided planer and moulder for the woodworking industry, manufactured by SCM Group (Italy). It is designed for efficient machining of solid wood, profiled, and framing workpieces (such as windows, doors, and furniture components) in continuous feed production. Planer configuration: b-l-r-l-r-t-b-t-b (Bottom-Left-Right-Left-Right-Top-Bottom-Top-Bottom) Moulder with 9 spindles and SCM Control 100 PC for all spindle adjustments Maximum working width: 260 mm Minimum working width: 15 mm Maximum working height: 200 mm Minimum working height: 6 mm Minimum length: 640 mm Feed speed: 6 – 36 m/min, variable Spindle speed: 6,000 / 8,300 rpm Spindle diameter: 40 mm Usable length of vertical spindles: 140 mm Usable length of horizontal spindles: 260 mm Axial adjustment of vertical spindles relative to the table: 0 - 80 mm Axial adjustment of horizontal spindles relative to right guide: 0 - 45 mm Min. and max. diameter of profile tooling: 100 – 220 mm Min. and max. diameter of cutters on the planing spindle: 120 – 140 mm Profile capacity of the second lower horizontal spindle with 200 mm tool: 15 mm Feed motor power: 5.5 kW Feed roller diameter: 140 mm Infeed table length: 2,500 mm Quick adjustment of infeed table and guide: 10 mm Extraction requirement: 16,200 m³/h Compressed air supply: 6 – 10 bar Ljdox Nqy Topfx Aa Ejta Weight: approx. 6,000 kg Dimensions (L x W x H): 7,300 x 1,800 x 1,800 mm Spindle arrangement: b-l-r-l-r-t-b-t-b SET-UP Quick Adjustment System Work tables with fine adjustment of all units via Control 100 PC Long 80 mm adjustment range for vertical spindles, enabling use of large-diameter tools Fully enclosed safety cabin with pneumatic opening Feed system with full cardan shaft drive Infinitely variable feed speed Motorized height adjustment of feed system and spindles with independent control Split pressure shoes after top horizontal spindles Fine adjustment of outfeed table Pneumatic spindle locking in working position Automatically adjustable left vertical spindle Including ZIWO CL 15 automatic feeding system 2. Basic Concept and Design The Topset XL is a heavy-duty through-feed planer moulder featuring: - Horizontal and vertical spindles allowing simultaneous machining of all four sides of a workpiece - Belt/cardan feed systems for consistent material transport - SET-UP quick-change system for rapid tooling setup - Electronic control and regulation for feed speed and spindle positioning The machine features a heavy, torsion-resistant base frame constructed from welded steel and precision-machined on CNC centers to ensure high accuracy and durability.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, planing width: 520 mm, number of planer blades: 4, height adjustment type: electric, Equipment: motor brake, Description SCM FS 520 – Surface planer & thickness planer combination machine | Year of manufacture: 1995 | Good condition For sale is a robust and precise combination machine from SCM: SCM FS 520, built in 1995, ideal for professional workshops and ambitious carpenters/joiners. The machine has been regularly maintained and is in good technical condition. Technical data & features: + Manufacturer / Model: SCM FS 520 + Machine type: Combined surface planer & thickness planer + Year of manufacture: 1995 + Motor power: 5.5 kW (three-phase) + Cutterblock: Centrofix system (quick knife change, precise cut) + Number of knives: 4 Centrofix knives + Planing width: 520 mm + Thicknessing width: 520 mm + Max. planing depth: approx. 5 mm + Thicknessing height: 3 – 250 mm + Feed speed: 6–12 m/min (2-speed) + Surface table length: approx. 2200 mm (infeed & outfeed table) + Pneumatic table opening: Yes – for easy switching between surfacing and thicknessing + Electric height adjustment of thicknessing table with digital readout + Weight: approx. 1000 kg + Extraction port: 120 mm + Voltage: 400 V Condition & maintenance: + Machine from a well-maintained workshop + Centrofix knives in good condition + Tables flat, bearings run smoothly + Immediately ready for use + No known repairs required You will receive an invoice with VAT shown. Shipping via freight forwarder by arrangement possible. Ltjdpfjx Aibaex Aa Eea Price: +Negotiable €7650 net ex-stock Haldensleben.

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Ferwood Code: RU0010598 - Manufacturer Code: G042300060 - Condition: Used - Functionality: Not tested - Compatible Machine: SCM OLIMPIC/K800/K1000 EDGE BANDING MACHINE - If interested, we offer a revision service, contact us. Ltjdjv Iz Slspfx Aa Eja

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 006487, X axis working area: 3060 mm Y axis working area: 1240 mm Working Table: Flat table Main Electrospindle power: 8.5 KW Number of controlled axes: 5 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 18 Total number of tool changer positions: 16 Ltedpfx Asn Rzclja Eoa

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7738 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SURFACER/JOINTER: - shaft width: 500mm - 4-knife cutterblock - sound-dampening riving knife/comb - shaft guard - adjustable tilting fence - table length: 2200mm - infeed table length: 1180mm - both tables adjustable THICKNESSER/PLANER: - max thicknessing height: 240mm - thicknesser shaft guard *top side: - anti-kickback fingers - feed roller: toothed, spring-loaded - pressure bars - planer cutterblock - pressure bar Ljdpfx Aaoxcx Ucs Eota - outfeed roller: smooth - adjustable roller in lower table - 2 feed speeds: 7/14 m/min - main motor: 5.5kW - electric brake - extraction port diameter: 150mm - dimensions L/W/H: 2300x950x1100mm - weight: 910kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacture – 4-knife shaft – Long tables – Excellent, original condition, never repainted – Used surface planer and thicknesser Net price: 21,900 PLN Net price: 5,200 EUR (exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may vary depending on exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, length stop: 3,200 mm, tool diameter: 400 mm, spindle diameter: 50 mm, spindle stroke: 640 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, milling spindle length: 320 mm, saw blade diameter: 400 mm, height adjustment type: electric, type of input current: AC, working height: 130 mm, working width: 200 mm, SCM Windor 60/100 – Angle Processing Center Manufacturer: SCM Group Year of manufacture: 2005* 1. General Description of the System The system in question is a window and door production line of the type Windor 60/100 from the manufacturer SCM Group, built in 2005. It is a CNC-controlled angle processing center designed for the industrial machining of frame and sash components. The system is configured for series production and enables precise, repeatable machining in integrated process steps. 2. Main Components of the System 2.1 SCM Windor 60/100 Angle Processing Center The SCM Windor 60/100 features a modular design and is configured as an angle processing unit. Machining takes place on a tenoning side and a profiling side positioned at right angles to each other. The system combines several machining steps – such as milling, drilling, grooving, rebating, and tenoning – in a fully integrated, CNC-controlled process. Key Features: * CNC multi-sided machining * Multiple milling and processing spindles * Automated tool handling and changeover * High dimensional accuracy and repeatability 2.2 Fleximat Drilling Center The Fleximat drilling center is integrated into the system and is used for the precise execution of boreholes for joints and fittings. Machining is CNC-controlled with both vertical and horizontal drilling units. 2.3 Profiler Center The profiler center is designed for contour-forming milling operations and consists of two processing sides: Right side: * Lifting spindle with height adjustment * Suitable for variable profile and contour processing Left side: Lodpfx Ajx Nqqxsa Eeta * 24-position tool changer * Automatic tool changing to minimize setup times * Suitable for complex profile milling 2.4 Löwer Surface Sanding Machine A surface sanding machine from Löwer is integrated into the production line. The machine is used exclusively for surface sanding, serving to improve the surface quality of the processed workpieces. 3. Control, Operation, and Safety The system is equipped with a CNC control unit that manages all machining operations, tool changes, as well as feed and spindle movements. Operation is semi- or fully-automated by trained personnel. The safety features are state-of-the-art as of the time of construction (2005) and include, in particular: * Mechanical guards and enclosures * Emergency stop devices * Safety locks on moving machine parts 4. Optional Expansion: SCM Topset XL Planer (10-spindle) For expansion of the existing machinery, provision has been made for a SCM Topset XL planer with 10 spindles. This machine will be operated as a standalone processing station at a separate location within the production hall and is not directly integrated into the CNC control of the Windor system. The system is available and can be dismantled at any time. Dismantling and transportation are to be organized by the buyer. Available from 07.01.2026

Condition: used, Ferwood Code: RU0005107 - Manufacturer Code: 2990321075L - Condition: Used - Compatible Machine: CNC SCM - Weight: 2KG - Dimensions: 20X20X20 - If interested we offer a revision service, contact us. Ltodpfovay S Uex Aa Eea

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 005583, X axis working area: 3680 mm Y axis working area: 2040 mm Working Table: Flat table Ltjdstwgirepfx Aa Esa Main Electrospindle power: 13 KW Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 11 Total number of tool changer positions: 12

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7739 Ltodpfxjxbp Anj Aa Eoa TECHNICAL DATA SURFACE PLANER: - shaft width: 410 mm - 3-knife cutterblock - sound-dampening comb - shaft guard - adjustable angle guide fence - table length: 2060 mm - both tables adjustable THICKNESSER: - max material thickness on thicknesser: 240 mm - thicknesser shaft guard *from above: - anti-kickback fingers - serrated, sprung feed roller - pressure bars - planing cutterhead - pressure bar - smooth outfeed roller - 2 adjustable rollers in lower table - main motor: 5.5 kW - electric brake - electric table height adjustment (up/down) - dust extraction port diameter: 120 mm - dimensions (L/W/H): 2060x970x1150 mm - weight: 660 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian-made – sound-dampening comb – not repainted – in perfect condition – used planer-thicknesser Net price: 22,900 PLN Net price: 5,450 EUR (calculated at 4.2 PLN/EUR) (Prices may fluctuate with larger exchange rate changes)

Condition: used, Ferwood Code: RU0011365 - Manufacturer Code: 0000506990B - Condition: Used - Compatible Machine: SQUADRABORDA SCM/STEFANI - If interested we offer an overhaul service, contact us. Ltedpfx Asva Avcja Esa

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NO. 7599 TECHNICAL DATA - Shaft width: 410mm - Number of knives: 4 pcs - Max thickness of processed element: 240mm - From above: - anti-kickback fingers - toothed feed roller, driven, swivel - pressure elements - planing shaft - pressure roller - smooth driven outfeed roller - Motor: 5.5kW - Electric brake - Manual table height adjustment - 2 feed speeds: 7,14m/min - Extraction port diameter: 120mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 900x1030x1100mm - Weight: 350kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacture – Used thickness planer, very good condition Net price: 14,900 PLN Net price: 3,540 EUR (based on 4.2 PLN/EUR exchange rate) Ltsdpfx Aaov R Um Is Eoa (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Ferwood Code: RU0001121 - Condition: Used - Compatible Machine: CNC SCM - If interested we offer a revision service, contact us. Ltsdpfxsu U D N Ue Aa Eja

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 6368 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Maximum workpiece width: 230 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 130 mm 7 spindles: 1) bottom horizontal, 230 mm, 5.5 kW 2) right vertical, 130 mm, 5.5 kW 3) left vertical, 130 mm, 5.5 kW 4) top horizontal, 230 mm, 7.5 kW 5) top horizontal, 230 mm, 11 kW 6) bottom horizontal, 230 mm, 18.5 kW 7) universal, 230 mm, adjustable 360°, 5.5 kW - all spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - all spindles equipped with electric brake - spindle diameter: 40 mm - spindles 4 and 5 adjustable electrically up/down - top: 8 metal feed rollers, twisted, including 2 double rollers - top: 4 rubber outfeed rollers - top: 2 hold-downs - bottom: pawls - bottom side: 3 hold-downs - bottom: 2 smooth metal feed rollers - bottom: 2 double rubber feed rollers - rollers pneumatically loaded - feed via Kardana shafts Ledpjhfl T Iofx Aa Eeta - stepless feed speed adjustment 5–36 m/min - feed motor 4 kW - electric thickness adjustment 0.75 kW - infeed table length: 1980 mm - fully enclosed in soundproof cabin - central lubrication for the table - extraction port diameters: 5x120 mm, 2x150 mm - dimensions (L/W/H): 5500 x 1840 x 1900 mm - weight approx. 5000 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacture – 7-head configuration – suitable for wet and dry wood – universal final spindle – unpainted – used four-side planer, in very good condition Net price: 146,900 PLN Net price: 34,970 EUR, depending on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may vary in case of higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Stock number: 7713 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. working width: 240 mm - Max. working height: 130 mm - 6 spindles: 1) Bottom horizontal 240 mm, 7.5 kW 2) Right vertical 130 mm, 5.5 kW 3) Left vertical 130 mm, 5.5 kW 4) Top horizontal 240 mm, 7.5 kW 5) Top horizontal 240 mm, 5.5 kW (spindles 4 and 5 are electrically adjustable up/down) 6) Bottom horizontal 240 mm, 5.5 kW - All spindles adjustable vertically and horizontally - Spindle diameter: 40 mm Feed system: • From above: - 8 driven, geared steel feed rollers (including 3 double rollers) - 4 driven, smooth rubber outfeed rollers (including 2 double rollers) • From below: - 3 smooth feed rollers - 3 lateral pressure rollers - Infinitely variable feed speed controlled by inverter - Pneumatically pressed rollers - Feed motor: 7.5 kW - Feed via Cardan shaft rollers Ltsdew H Aqxopfx Aa Eea - Electrically adjustable planing thickness - Body lifting motor: 0.75 kW - Infeed table length: 2,480 mm - Pneumatic opening/closing of safety cabin - Pneumatic blowing of table - Central table lubrication - Extraction connection diameters: 3 x 120 mm, 3 x 150 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 5,300 x 1,700 x 1,800 mm - Weight: 5,000 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacturing – 6-head configuration – Suitable for wet and dry timber – Pneumatic cabin opening – Pneumatic table blowing – Spindles 4 and 5 adjustable electrically – Used planer, in very good condition Net price: 136,900 PLN Net price: 32,600 EUR (depending on exchange rate, 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with currency fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7618 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width: 500 mm - number of knives: 4 pcs Ltodswbdlyopfx Aa Esa - max thickness of workpiece: 230 mm top section: - anti-kickback fingers - toothed, feed, swivel, sequential infeed shaft - pressure rollers - planing shaft - pressure roller - smooth feed outfeed shaft bottom section: - 2 slip rollers in the table - motor: 5.5 kW - manual table height adjustment - 2 feed speeds: 7.5; 13 m/min - extraction port diameter: 160 mm - dimensions (L/W/H): 1100x1000x1200 mm - weight: 600 kg ADVANTAGES – made in Italy – original paint (not repainted) – used thickness planer, in very good condition Net price: 15,900 PLN Net price: 3,780 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR) (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)