Used Gildemeister Gmx 400 for sale (240)

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: not functional, turning length: 750 mm, swing diameter over bed slide: 320 mm, type of input current: three-phase, We offer this used Gildemeister NEF 320 cycle-controlled lathe, year of manufacture 2002. Control system: Heidenhain 4110 Control does not boot up, see error message in the photo. Psdpfoypwhvsx Acvogi A floppy disk with the machine data is available. Other condition unknown, as it comes from the closure of a model making company. Machine is still under power. Crane loading onto your truck is possible.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 26,000 h, travel distance X-axis: 725 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 50 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, spindle motor power: 11 W, spindle speed (min.): 5,000 rpm, total length: 3,171 mm, total height: 2,648 mm, total width: 4,254 mm, overall weight: 6,000 kg, CNC controller: SIEMENS SINUMERIK 840D-ERGOLINE Capacity X-axis travel mm: 725 Y-axis travel mm: ± 50 Z-axis travel mm: 300 Turning length mm: 160 Max. turning diameter mm: ø: 250 Swing over bed mm: ø: 320 Tool magazine Magazine places: 16 Tool holder: VDI-30 Tool length max. mm: 390 Tool diameter max. mm: 140 Lower turret Number of tool slots St .: 12 Speed driven tools RPM: 4.000 Drive power driven tools kW: 11,7 Milling function: Yes Main spindle Speed spindle rpm: 5.000 Drive power spindle kW: 11,7 (40% ED) Maximun torque Nm: 280 / 360 (100% / 40% ED) Coolant system Tank capacity liter: 980 L High-pressure bar: 8 / 20 Equipment Chip conveyor CE conformity Coolant gun Air blast / coolant switch-over Psdpfjxf Hlbox Acvsgi Internal coolant supply Paper band filter Automatic workpiece magazine loader - 16 positions x ø 220 Working time hours Under power: 38.000 Cutting Time: 26.000 Basic machine dimensions / weight Length mm: 3.171 Width mm: 4.254 Height mm: 2.648 Weight kg: 6.000

Condition: used, CNC control, Numeric Control, from MAX MÜLLER GILDEMEISTER MD 5S, type Eltropilot M Year of manufacture approx. 1980 Rack with 20 module slots – 12 modules installed Installed modules: 1 pc 0.651.406-19.3 UNI Universal Interface 1 pc 0.650.847-56.1 O32 Output Card 2 pcs 0.651.708-57.3 I32 Input Card 1 pc 0.652.138-36.1 APC 1 pc 0.651.928-25.3 LAB Axis Controller 1 pc 0.651.400-22.3 1 pc 0.860.204-59.1 B32 1 pc 0.652.128-35.0 RE4 1 pc 0.651.269-26.0 ITY Serial Interface 1 pc 0.651.974-23.2 ABS Termination Board 1 pc 0.651.298-18.3 CPU Central Processor Dimensions (W x H x D): 480 x 260 x 220 mm Pgjdpfx Acoflrtxevji Weight: 7 kg Individual cards available on request.

Condition: used, Tool presetter GILDEMEISTER-DE VLIEG Type EGS 5045 / Microset DPS 100 Serial No. 83-10-102 Year of construction 2002 Travel distance X-axis approx. 400 mm Travel distance Z-axis approx. 400 mm Tool holder in mounted rotary table: Ø 50 mm Pitch circle diameter of the tool holders in the mounted rotary table Ø 340 mm Inner cone in the mounted rotary table Ø 245 mm Tool mounting plate as rotary table with 8 mounting holes Ø 50 mm Centering diameter of the mounted tool holder plate: Ø 102 mm Swivel-mounted flange holder with centering diameter: Ø 102 mm Swivel-mounted flange holder with outer diameter: Ø 155 mm Swivel-mounted flange holder with 3x M10 mounting holes, bolt circle: Ø 130 mm Mains connection 230 Volt, 50 Hz - Microset DPS 100 measuring electronics - Rotary table with 8 tool positions - Interfaces: 1x RS232, 2x measuring system (X/Z) Podpfshbal Djx Acvsgi - Profile projector with screen Ø 100 mm magnification 20x and two circular screens - Fixed focusing screen with crosshairs - Axis movement via manual quick adjustment with pneumatic clamping - Fine adjustment via hand wheels - Rotatable rotary table with pneumatic clamping - Metal substructure with 3 drawers Space requirement L x W x H 1100 x 1000 x 800 mm Weight 400 kg good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, operating hours: 10,463 h, turning diameter over cross slide: 455 mm, turning length: 1,000 mm, turning diameter: 680 mm, spindle bore: 107 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Gildemeister CTX600E Heidenhain CNC Pilot 3190 control Between centers (TDC): 1000 mm Turning diameter over bed: Ø 680 mm Turning diameter over cross slide: Ø 455 mm X-axis travel: 320 mm Z-axis travel: 1097 mm Turret: 12 positions Driven tools: Yes Tool holder: VDI 50 C-axis: Yes Main spindle power: approx. 30 kW Spindle speed range: 4 – 2800 rpm Spindle bore: Ø 107 mm Max. chuck diameter: 500 mm X-axis feed force: 8 kN Z-axis feed force: 15 kN Rapid traverse X: 24 m/min Rapid traverse Z: 30 m/min Tailstock Quill diameter: 120 mm Quill stroke: 120 mm Taper: MK5 (6) Quill force: 14 kN Dimensions & weight Weight: approx. 9,000 kg Length: 4300 mm Width without guard: 2000 mm Width with guard: 2450 mm Height: 2200 mm Note: The information on this page has been obtained and compiled to the best of our knowledge and belief, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, it does not constitute a representation or contract and we recommend verifying all relevant details. Pjdsyl Sa Sjpfx Acvjgi Financial information VAT/margin: VAT: The shown price is excluding VAT (VAT deductible for businesses).

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 43,558 h, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 07400003691, turning diameter: 120 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, spindle bore: 118 mm, controller model: SIEMENS SINUMERIK 840 D POWERLINE, distance between spindles: 900 mm, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Submitting a bid obligates the buyer to collect the item within the specified time frames: either between 11/05/2026 and 13/05/2026 or between 18/05/2026 and 21/05/2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Maximum main spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Maximum sub spindle speed: 3,200 rpm Swing diameter: 270 mm Turning diameter: 120 mm Maximum bar diameter: 100/104 mm Spindle bore diameter: 118 mm Pgodpfoym A S Iex Acvoi Distance between spindles: 900 mm Travel X1-axis: 290 mm Travel Z1-axis: 650 mm Travel X2-axis: 180 mm Travel Z2-axis: 650 mm Travel Y1-axis: ±40 mm Travel Z3-axis: 670 mm Travel X3-axis: 175 mm Rapid traverse X/Z-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 15 m/min Number of tool turrets: 2 Number of tools per turret: 12 All tool positions are driven MACHINE DETAILS Control system: SIEMENS SINUMERIK 840 D POWERLINE Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 5,500 x 2,500 x 2,500 mm Machine weight: 11,000 kg Operating hours: 88,040 h Spindle hours: 43,558 h EQUIPMENT Chip conveyor Foot switch Note: The machine has the following defects: - The B-axis is defective (located on turret 1) - The guideways and drives are worn in line with the machine’s age - The X2-axis (guide rails) runs slightly out of alignment in the range of 0.03 mm (re-measurement required) - Setting the reference values for the axes in the control system is not functioning - The hydraulic pump was replaced by a spare pump after failure and is now set up externally as a separate unit External reference: Bilstein - Lot 2

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, total width: 45,000 mm, total length: 19,900 mm, total height: 23,000 mm, travel distance X-axis: 165 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 80 mm, bar length: 600 mm, CNC Lathe (with 2nd spindle, 3 turrets and Y-axis) Spindle bore diameter 65 mm Spindle speed 5.000 R/min Spindle motor 25/20 kW Spindle speed counter spindle 5.000 R/min Psdpfx Acoyddv Aovjgi X-axis movement 165 / 165 / 165 Y-axis movement 80 mm Z-axis movement 220 / 150 / 650 mm W-axis movement (subspindle to mainspindle) 690 mm C-axis indexing 0,0001° Number of turret 3 Number of tools on turret 12 (3x 12) Tool taper VDI 30 Bar feeder LNS Quick Load Servo 65 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, total width: 45,000 mm, total length: 19,900 mm, total height: 23,000 mm, travel distance X-axis: 165 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 80 mm, bar length: 600 mm, CNC Lathe (with 2nd spindle, 3 turrets and Y-axis) Spindle bore diameter 65 mm Spindle speed 5.000 R/min Spindle motor 25/20 kW Spindle speed counter spindle 5.000 R/min X-axis movement 165 / 165 / 165 Y-axis movement 80 mm Z-axis movement 220 / 150 / 650 mm W-axis movement (subspindle to mainspindle) 690 mm C-axis indexing 0,0001° Podpfx Acsyddvvjvjgi Number of turret 3 Number of tools on turret 12 (3x 12) Tool taper VDI 30 Bar feeder LNS Quick Load Servo 65 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: used, CNC Lathe DMG MORI SEIKI - GILDEMEISTER Type CTX 310 ecoline Machine No. 8044001846E Year of manufacture: 2013 CNC Control: SIEMENS Sinumerik 840D sl Swing diameter over bedway cover: 330 mm Swing diameter over cross-slide cover: 260 mm Centre height max.: 190 mm Centre distance max.: 580 mm Turning diameter max.: 200 mm Longitudinal slide travel (Z-axis) max.: 450 mm Cross-slide travel (X-axis) max.: 160 mm Spindle bore through draw tube: 51 mm Spindle bore through front bearing: 100 mm Spindle speed max.: 5,000 rpm Feed rate X and Z: mm/min. Rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min. Rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min. Feed force X and Z: 4,500 Nm Tool turret: 12 stations Driven tool stations: 6 stations Tool holder cylindrical VDI 30 mm Spindle drive motor power at 100% duty cycle: max. 11 kW Spindle drive motor power at 40% duty cycle: max. 16.5 kW Power supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz, 21 kVA - CNC control SIEMENS Sinumerik 840D sl, system software NCU V04.04+SP02+HF02 - Controlled C4-axis chuck position and C1-axis for tool turret - 3-jaw chuck AUTOGRIP Ø 210 mm with 1 set of hard jaws and 15 sets of soft jaws - AUTOGRIP hydraulic hollow clamping device - Clamping force adjustment for regulating clamping pressure - Tool turret SAUTER, type 0.5.901.020 with 12 stations (6 driven) - 20 tool holders VDI 30 - Tailstock MK 4 - Indirect measurement system via rotary encoder - Chip conveyor with integrated coolant system - Workpiece residual life display and piece counter as large display on machine enclosure - Control cabinet cooling unit - 9,716 total operating hours (main switch on), of which 3,322 spindle hours as per counter - Operating instructions and manuals Psdpfxjyk Hrgj Acvsgi Machine footprint with chip conveyor (L x W x H): 4,500 x 2,600 x 2,050 mm Base machine space requirement (L x W x H): 2,900 x 2,150 x 2,050 mm (3,200 kg) Chip conveyor space requirement (L x W x H): 3,350 x 850 x 1,650 mm (500 kg) Weight: approx. 4 tons Very good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, Machine Year of Manufacture Bar Loader Additional Information Hours Twin 42 2004 Irco Breuning SIMAG Hydraulic line defective at turret 1 or 2 79593 25020 Twin 42 2004 Irco Breuning SIMAG Dina module removed, pressure clamp (indicates collet is not closed) 69573 9625 Psdpfx Asytnywecvegi Twin 42 2004 Irco Breuning SIMAG Machine operational and in production 72402 8375 Twin 42 2004 Irco Breuning SIMAG Main spindle defective with bearing damage, spindle clamp defective, LT module missing, Dina module missing Twin 42 2008 Irco Breuning SIMAG Machine operational and in production 5104 83790 Twin 42 2008 Irco Breuning ECO Profi multi-channel changer Machine operational and in production 99825 76595

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Technical details: swing diameter: 320 mm control: 840 D SIEMENS turning speeds: 5000 1/min spindle drive: 20 / 27 kW chucking diameter: 250 mm travel -x axis: 650 mm travel -z axis: 300 mm turret head: 12 Pos. tool holder: VDI 40 toolpiece turning speed range: 4000 1/min work piece power: max. 11,7 kW weight of the machine ca.: 8 t CNC vertical lathe, live tools, C-axis, high pressure pump 20 bar, 500l, filter, flush gun, 3-jaw chuc, EWAB loading station right, chipconveyor, approx. 23.500h "machine on", approx. 8.000h "spindle on" (in total) MACHINE WILL GET NEW (OVERHAULED) SPINDLE (0 hours) Pgedpfxemcibws Acvoi *

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2006, CNC Lathe GILDEMEISTER CTX 420 linear Equipped with Siemens 840 D powerline control Year of manufacture: 2006 Max. turning diameter: 324 mm Max. turning length: 600 mm Max. swing diameter: 680 mm Spindle bore: 79 mm Max. spindle speed: 4,500 rpm Including the following accessories: Sliding guard with interior lighting 12-position turret with 12 driven stations Y-axis, C-axis Tool measuring device Psdpoxzt Dcsfx Acvjgi Parts catcher 3-jaw hydraulic chuck 210 mm with foot switch Hainbuch hydraulic collet chuck IRCO Breuning RBK 10012 bar feeder Signal lamp Tailstock with quill Chip conveyor Oil mist extraction Coolant system with high-pressure coolant (IKZ) and belt filter unit Operating manuals

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2003, Universal Lathe GILDEMEISTER NEF 320 K With Siemens SINUMERIK 810 DE control (SIMATIC PANEL TOUCH SCREEN) Psdpfsxn Ar Ajx Acvsgi Year of manufacture: 2003 Spindle bore: 52 mm Distance between centers: 750 mm Swing diameter over bed: 320 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 150 mm Cross slide travel: 185 mm Infinitely variable speed range: 14 – 3550 rpm Including the following accessories: Sliding guard with internal lighting Multifix tool holder with 2 inserts 3-jaw chuck SCHUNK ROTA plus Ø 200 mm 2 sets of soft top jaws Coolant system Chip blow gun 6 machine feet Operating manual The machine is in very good condition!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 450 mm, turning length: 1,000 mm, spindle bore: 107 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,050 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 4 rpm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 10 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 15 m/min, rotational speed (max.): 3,050 rpm, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, CNC Lathe GILDEMEISTER Model: CTX 600 Year of manufacture: 1997 Center height: 325 mm Center distance: 10,000 mm Work area: Max. turning diameter over bed cover: 650 mm Max. turning diameter over cross slide cover: 480 mm Main spindle: flat flange 220 h5 Spindle diameter at front bearing: 140 mm Spindle bore: 107 mm Chuck diameter: 315 (400) mm Main drive: 58.5 kW 2-stage speed range Gear stage 1: 800 daN Gear stage 2: 1500 daN Speed: 4–3050 rpm Feed drive: Rapid traverse X-/Z-axis: 10/10 m/min Turret: Number of tool stations: 12 Tool holder shank: VDI 50 mm Dimensions / Weight: Required floor space (L x W x H): approx. 5080 x 3450 x 2000 mm Weight: 7,250 kg Viewing by appointment only Video can be sent on request. Machine is sold ex-works. Pedpfsyl Nutjx Acvegi Costs for removal and loading to be borne by the buyer.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 61,440 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 06800003891, Equipment: documentation/manual, We are offering this ready-to-use DMG GILDEMEISTER CTV 250 CNC turning and milling center, year of manufacture 2008. Manufacturer: DMG GILDEMEISTER Model: CTV 250 Year of manufacture: 2008 Condition: operational Machine type: CNC turning and milling center Operating hours: Power on: approx. 76,300h / Spindle run: approx. 61,440h Pgsdpfx Aeyt Dudecvji The following components are included in the sale: - Pallet circulation system - Conveyor belts for finished parts - Chip conveyor Regular maintenance has been carried out and documentation can be provided. If you have any questions or need further information, please send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, DMG Gildemeister CTX 500 Alpha V6 - Year of manufacture: 2011 - Control: Siemens 840D shop turn - Counter spindle - With Y-axis and C-axis - Turret: 12-position motorized VDI 30 Additional equipment: - Hydraulic chuck - Chip conveyor - Coolant system - Interface for bar feeder Pjdsylkuuepfx Acvegi - Workpiece catcher with conveyor belt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, controller manufacturer: Siemens, controller model: 840 D, _____ Description: Year of manuf. : 2007 Control : Siemens 840 D Turning diam. : 100 mm Turning length : 580 mm In General: Year of manufacture:2007 Control system:Siemens 840 D Turning diameter:100 mm Turning length:approx. 580 mm Bar capacity:32 mm Main spindle: Technology:Motorised spindle Speed:8,000 rpm Torque max.:100 Nm Power max.:26 kW C-axis:0.001° Bar capacity:32 mm Clamping cylinder:Hollow clamping cylinder Chuck:Hainbuch Spanntop Sub spindle: Technology:Motorised spindle Speed:8,000 rpm Max. torque:100 Nm. Max. power:26 kW C-axis:0.001° X-axis:145 mm Z-axis:380 mm Clamping cylinder:Partial hollow clamping cylinder Chuck:Hainbuch Spanntop Tool carrier I (X/Y/Z): Technology:Tool turret Number of stations:12 units Pgsdsynda Ajpfx Acvei Tool holder:VDI 25 Tool drive:6,000 rpm X-axis:220 mm Y-axis:60 (+/- 30) mm Z-axis:320 mm Tool carrier II (X/Z): Technology:Tool turret :Number of stations. 12 units Tool holder:VDI 25 Tool drive:6,000 rpm X-axis:120 mm Z-axis:345 mm Equipment: Chip management:Chip conveyor Coolant supply:Internal coolant system Bar loader:Irco Breuning Parts removal:Parts gripper + indexing conveyor Tailstock:Stroke 250 mm, quill MK 3 Chuck:2x Hainbuch Spanntop Tool holder:Various driven and static holders

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, GILDEMEISTER CNC Twin-Spindle Turning Center Type: CTX beta 1250 4 A Machine No.: 00700000211 Year of Manufacture: 2011 Control: CNC contouring control including 19" TFT Siemens Sinumerik 840 D sl solution line with ERGOline control and with ShopTurn 3 G Pgjdpswcxlwefx Acvoi Power-on time: 41,378 h Program runtime: 24,814 h Technical data and equipment available upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Monitor Display (108142) Make DMG Gildemeister Type Supply 11098, I.D.-No.259284 Monitor was taken from a mechanically defective machine Pgsdpfx Acsigqr Hovji function was tested

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, turning diameter . mm turning length . mm control . type . CCUO turning diameter over slide rest . mm cross movement . mm spindle passage . mm turning speeds . U/min transmission ratio . quill stroke . mm rapid traverse . m/min main drive motor . kW 3-jaw-chuck diameter . mm total power requirement . kW weight of the machine ca. . t dimensions of the machine ca. . m The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Psdpfx Aoyqwb Eocvegi Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, turning diameter 320 mm turning length . mm control Siemens type . CCUO turning diameter over slide rest . mm cross movement . mm spindle passage . mm turning speeds . U/min transmission ratio . quill stroke . mm rapid traverse . m/min main drive motor . kW 3-jaw-chuck diameter . mm total power requirement . kW weight of the machine ca. . t dimensions of the machine ca. . m Pgodpfxoyqtdis Acvsi The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1995, Make: GILDEMEISTER Type of machine: NEF Plus 500 Year of manufacture: 1995 Control system: Gründig Machine's weight: 2650 kg Speed range: 8 - 2800 1/ min Cutting diameter: 500 mm Pgedstpn S Ispfx Acvsi Turning length: 1000 mm Overall dimensions: 2500 x 1750 x 1850 mm Spindle opening: 70 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, center width: 1,000 mm, turning diameter over bed slide: 500 mm, For sale is a cycle-controlled lathe of the Gildemeister brand and type NEF 520 K The machine is fully functional, the guides are somewhat worn but still functional Technical data: Gildemeister universal lathe NEF 520K Year of manufacture: 2001 Control: Siemens Touch Panel Rotation Ø over bed: 500mm Psdpjtrmrxofx Acvjgi Rotation Ø over facing slide: 290mm Face travel: 260mm Center distance: 1000mm Drive power 12 KW 1st gear stage 8 - 750 rpm 2nd gear stage 32 - 3000 rpm Quill Ø: 80mm Quill holder: MK5 Quill stroke: 180mm Three-jaw manual chuck: Ø250mm Four-jaw manual chuck: Ø250mm Tool holder: Multifix size C Fixed vice with jaws and rollers, guide Ø10 - 115 On request, loading and transport can be organized for an additional charge All prices plus VAT Viewing possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to help you. Trade-in or exchange possible! Machines purchase / sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MUCH MORE. Do you need a high-quality but inexpensive metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours?

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 21,594 h, functionality: fully functional, Gildemeister NEF 320 CNC teach-in lathe Pgjdpfjyh Hg Nsx Acvoi Heidenhain Manual Plus Year of manufacture: 2000 Machine operating hours: 21,594 Max. turning diameter over bed: 320 mm Max. turning diameter over cross-slide: 150 mm Max. turning length between centers: 750 mm Max. spindle bore: 50 mm Motor: 9 kW Spindle speed: 10–4,000 rpm Chuck: Rota-S Plus Multifix quick-change toolpost with tool holders Documentation and accessories Machine is powered up and available for inspection

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, Lot of boring tools for boring mills Manufactured by Gildemeister-Microbore - Komet Spindle mount ISO-BT 50 MK 5 Pjdjwd Tkkjpfx Acvjgi In good condition.