Used Die-Cast for sale (5,871)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1994, functionality: fully functional, MACHINE Dimensions (height x width x depth): 2760 x 1110 x 1840 mm Weight: 2750 kg WORK TABLE Dsdpfxowbalvo Acnokr Table size: 840 x 600 mm Dielectric above table: 360 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 1000 kg T-slots: 4 x 10 mm Distance between table and quill without chuck (max/min): 595/180 mm WORKING HEAD Travel range X - Y: 565 x 400 mm Travel range Z: 415 mm Resolution X - Y - Z: 0.001 mm C-axis resolution: 0.001° Rapid traverse speed: 800 mm/min Max. electrode weight without rotation: 100 kg Max. electrode weight with rotation: 15 kg DIELECTRIC SUPPLY Tank volume: 400 liters Paper candle filters: 4 pieces GENERATOR Dimensions (height x width x depth): 1800 x 600 x 920 mm Weight: 300 kg Nominal current: 60 – 120 A Connected load: 15 – 23 kVA

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, Ref: 10900 . 2001 Bobst SP102-BMA Foilmaster Excellent condition! Only 33,000 hours worked! Equipped with: Fully Automatic Feeder Double Sheet Control Centre Line Hot Foil Unit 2 x honeycomb chase 2 x die cutting chase 16 Independent Heating Zones Foil Advance Shafts Automatic Delivery Elevated (High Pile) Specification: Sheet Format Max: 720mm x 1020mm Dkjdpfxou Snwmo Acnjr Sheet Format Min: 350mm x 400 mm Working Material Paper/Solid Board: 80-2000gr Corrugated Board: "E" and "B" - max. 4mm Gripper margin: 9-15mm Stamping Format: Max 680mm x 1010mm Max speed: 7,500 p/h

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, Ref: 11072 . 2019 Horizon RD-4055 Dual Cylinder Rotary Die Cut System Like new, ex demo condition - ONLY 5,000 on the counter! Efficient production with new separator and card stacker for labour saving operation. Features: • Die cutting, waste separation and stacking in one pass for efficient production. • A wide range of applications can be processed such as business cards, greeting cards, labels and light packages. • Maximum 6,000 sheets can be processed. • 21-up round corner business card production can processed at 126,000 cards per hour. • Simple and easy operation without relying on a skilled operator. • Uniquely designed servo motor controlled ‘Repeat-cut’ feature allows multiple-up cuts from a single up die to minimize die cost. • Ruggedly constructed yet compact compared to normal die cutters. Dodpfx Asymmqzecnjkr • Various delivery options are available to process a wide range of applications. • Die-cutting and Kiss cutting can be performed simultaneously by using a die which has two different blade heights, ideal for making stickers and labels. • Creasing can be achieved to avoid image cracking. Suitable for boxes, pocket folders and greeting cards which require additional folding processes after die cutting. • Repeat-cut enables the running of multiple up imposed applications with a smaller die to reduce die cost (Up to 8 repeats) Equipped with: TOUCH PANEL: Both setup and control can be done through the intuitive touch screen. After mounting the upper and lower die, the system can be set up by simply inputting sheet size and product size. The graphical illustrations on the screen are simple and easy to understand. FEED SECTION: Vacuum belt feeding enables superior feeding with easy setup and operation. An ultrasonic sensor is used for double feed detection on a wide range of substrates. The optional code reader BR-N4055 enables job separation for easy handling. TRANSPORT SECTION: Sheets are registered by vacuum belt and position is firmly secured with gripper rollers for accurate and consistent register. Servo motor driven gripper rollers ensure the die cut position without effecting processing speed. The optional alignment detection sensor ADS-N4055 detects the alignment error for additional quality control. DIE CUTTING SECTION: Rigid magnetic upper roller and solid lower anvil cylinder ensure high quality die cutting. Uniquely designed die cutting section enables easy and quick die setting. Specification: Sheet Size (Before processing): Max. W400 x L550 mm or W15.740" x L21.650" Min. W200 x L275 mm or W7.875” x L10.830” Processed Material: Normal paper, Coated paper, Cardboard Material Thickness: 127.9 to 400 gsm Die Cutting: Max. 0.5 mm or 0.019” (In case of blade height: 0.8 mm or 0.031”) Max. 0.3 mm or 0.011” (In case of blade height: 0.6 mm or 0.023”) Creasing: Max. 0.4 mm or 0.015” (In case of blade height: 0.8 mm or 0.031”)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, machine/vehicle number: 642576, travel distance X-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 500 kg, total height: 2,522 mm, total width: 1,690 mm, total length: 1,900 mm, table width: 500 mm, type of input current: three-phase, table length: 400 mm, overall weight: 2,350 kg, table load: 500 kg, For sale is a premium-quality die-sinking EDM machine from Charmilles, model Roboform 350. The machine is in excellent condition, both technically and visually. Technical specifications: Year of manufacture: 2006 Machine no.: 642576 Travel paths (X, Y, Z): 350 x 250 x 300 mm Table dimensions: 400 x 500 mm Max. workpiece weight: 500 kg Max. electrode weight: 50 kg Connected load: 7.5 kVA Current consumption: 10.6 A Voltage: 400 V / 3-phase / 50 Hz Machine weight: 2,350 kg Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,900 x 1,690 x 2,522 mm The scope of delivery does not include chucks or clamping devices; these can be offered separately on request. Transport and loading can be organized throughout Europe at an additional cost. Prices are subject to VAT. Inspection is possible by appointment. Please contact us—our team will be happy to assist you! Trade-in or exchange is possible! Machinery purchase and sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION AND METALWORKING MACHINERY AND MORE. Are you in need of a high-quality yet affordable metalworking machine for your production? Or are you looking to sell your machine? Dodpfx Ajykrckscnjkr For more information or contact options, please visit our website.

Condition: used, various tool changing consoles / die loading arms available: Dodpfxszrpn Ej Acnskr 070022 GUETHLE-SWT CT 16/1600 (16 t / 1600 mm) with support leg (2x) 180006 GUETHLE-SWT CT 6/2700 (6 t / 2700 mm) with support leg (2x) 210008 GUETHLE-SWT CK t / 1000 mm) (2x) 210009 GUETHLE-SWT CK t / 1000 mm) (2x) 180010 unknown (2 t / 1500 mm) with support leg (2x) 190002 GUETHLE-SWT CT t / 1000 mm) with support leg (2x) 220019 GUETHLE-SWT CT 2/1000 (2 t / 1000 mm) with support leg (2x) 180002 GUETHLE-SWT CK 2/800 (2 t / 800 mm) (2x) 090054 GUETHLE-SWT CS 2/800 (2 t / 800 mm) swivelling (2x) 180003 GUETHLE-SWT CK 1/800 (1 t / 800 mm) (2x) 230001 Hydrap (1 t / 800 mm) (2x)

Condition: good (used), Triangular notching tool, notching side knife, die holder, separating tool, punching tool, punch, punching die, corner notching punch, punching punch, square notching punch, notching punch, notching tool -Withdrawal device: for square notching dies -Dimensions: see photos Djdpsznk R Tofx Acnokr -Quantity: 2x pullers, 1x with fine thread -Submission/Price: complete -Dimensions each: 200/140/90 mm -Weight: 2.4 kg/pc.

Condition: good (used), Triangular notching tool, notching side knife, die holder, separating tool, punching tool, punch, punching die, corner notching punch, punching punch, square notching punch, notching punch, notching tool -Punching tool: Square notching die for profile steel shears and flat steel shears -Width: 50 mm -Dimensions: see photos Dedoznk Aijpfx Acnekr -Dimensions: 175/60/H125 mm -Weight: 6.6 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1997, operating hours: 16,100 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 800 kg, total height: 3,000 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, total length: 2,840 mm, table width: 600 mm, quill travel distance: 500 mm, type of input current: three-phase, table length: 800 mm, feed length X-axis: 500 mm, feed length Y-axis: 350 mm, overall weight: 3,500 kg, tank capacity: 550 l, Equipment: documentation/manual, Agie Compact 3 CNC EDM machine for sale. 1997 machine Dodpfx Aezhwy Uecnokr Fitted with System 3R Macro chuck on C axis. 10 station tool changer 16100 machining hours Macro - mini chuck shown in picture not included in sale

Year of construction: 1996, condition: ready for operation (used), machine/vehicle number: 960606 (= tevens de dag dat machine fabriekspoort verlaat), PRICE LOWERED for quick deal ! Dedpjxz Ncbjfx Acnskr

Condition: good (used), Details - Agie Mondo 50 Specifications X-axis (longitudinal) 497.8 mm Y-axis (transversal) 348 mm Z-axis (vertical) 348 mm Tank length 1018.5 mm Tank width 678.2 mm Tank height 398.8 mm Type CNC type AGIE FUTURA IV Table length 749.3 mm Table width 548.6 mm Maximum workpiece length 858.5 mm Maximum workpiece width 647.7 mm Maximum workpiece height 315 mm Maximum workpiece weight 499.1 kg Maximum generator current 64 A ----- Dimensions (L x W x H) 1549.4 × 1955.8 × 2336.8 Weight 2131.1 kg *Factory-installed options - Plate 2* Option Ref. No. Purpose CAPACITANCE OPTION U05.629.7 Finer spark gap detection. Better surface finish. I/O MODULE ASSY. U05.759.2 Input/output module for automation. HEAT EXCHANGER U06.126.3 Water/oil heat exchanger to stabilize the dielectric fluid. Important. FILTER/REG/LUB U05.316.1 Air FRL unit for the cabinet. Standard. C-AXIS U06.831.8 4th rotary axis installed. Allows for indexing. Dkedszkcf Iopfx Acnsr TOOLCHANGER ASSY. U06.154.3 Automatic electrode changer. Major option, rare. PROGRAMMABLE FL. U06.756.7 Programmable flushing system. For deep machining.

Condition: new, · Die easy to replace Dkedpfx Acefg Ahujnjr · Automatic feeding with double sheet detection and automatic correction · Allows plain paper, coated paper, cardboard, PE film, etc. · Mainly suitable for stickers, tags, wine labels, playing cards, small boxes, etc. · Rotary die-cutting machine with magnetic cylinder · High pile suction feeder · Touch screen · Machine with automatic stripping · Three-cylinder system, with cover plate · Precision pressure adjustment · Wrap-around ejection system · Sensor for top reading and front registration

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2022, 450 Automatic Die Cut and Turret Rewinder 450mm Rotary Die Cutting unit: -Unwinder with auto web guider -Auto Tension Control system Dkjdpfeh Uctvsx Acnjr -Pressure meters for die cutting unit -Standard slitting unit with 6sets blades -Standard matrix removing system -Magnetic Powder system,mechanical speed 100meters/min -Max unwinding diameter 700mm, web width 330mm -Standard connection component to 330 turret rewinder 450 Auto Turret rewinder: -Automatic paper core bowl feeder -Automatic tail glue unit -Automatic paper core conveyor -Pressing paper swing arm -Automatic cut unit -Automatic finished roll ejection -Automatic brush press paper unit -Automatic core glue unit -Air expanding shaft 4sets each sizes 1’’, 1.5’’ and 3’’ -Labeling System (optional): Included Features: Speed: 60-100 m/min Max. Rewinding Diameter: 350mm Max. Web Width: 450mm Min. Rewinding Width: 40mm Total Power: 8KW Power Supply: 3PH+N+PE Air Source: 0.8MPa (As 40*30 products, 25m a small roll calculation: 3000m raw materials, average 30 minutes a roll of raw material. Every 25m a small roll and rewinding 6 rolls at the same time. 720 rolls can be produced in 10 minutes) Machine in stock in our showroom

Year of construction: 2019, condition: used, The Lemorau MEBR+ is a digital finishing machine based on a modular concept, allowing modules to be added as needed to meet customer requirements. The MEBR+ operates in both full rotary and semi-rotary modes. The semi-rotary mode is suitable for short runs, while the full rotary mode is ideal for large runs at high speeds. Thanks to state-of-the-art servo technology, the registration tolerance remains consistent during acceleration and braking phases, as well as throughout the production process. The Lemorau MEBR+ is equipped with a servo-controlled compensation system that ensures excellent web tension control when the machine is running in semi-rotary mode. Standard equipment: - Maximum rotary speed 200 m/min (656 ft/min) – label stock - Maximum rotary speed 120 m/min (394 ft/min) – die-cutting for precise fit - Maximum semi-rotary speed 40 m/min (131 ft/min), depending on plate size – die-cutting for precise fit - Web width 250, 330, 400 mm (10, 13, 16 in) - Electronic counter (label/meter/roll counter as well as total meter and label counter) - Adjustable splicing table with pneumatic clamps - Electronic web guiding system with ultrasonic sensor for guiding opaque and transparent materials - Automatic web tension control via servo motors – constant and decreasing tension - Memory for 250 jobs for easy and quick job setup - 6 sets of round knives with lateral adjustment - 2 interchangeable pneumatic unwinders with a diameter of 25, 40 and 76 mm (1, 1.5, 3 in) - Detection of paper and liner tears - Rewinding on label entry/label exit - Remote support via internet connection - Automatic stop at the end of the master roll with programmable roll-end function - Semi-automatic rewinding - Foot pedal for step-by-step machine control - Multilingual touchscreen - Die-cutting repeats 203.20 – 431.80 mm (8 – 17 in) – rotary mode - Die-cutting repeats 41.30–371.00 mm (1.6–14.6 in) – semi-rotary mode - Maximum rewind diameter: 600 mm (23.7 in) with 1 shaft / 350 mm (13.8 in) with 2 shafts - Maximum unwind diameter: 700 mm (27.5 in) - CE conformity certificate Optional equipment: 1 Anti-static bar 1 “Clear-on-Clear” sensor 1 Corona treatment 1 Speed package (80 m/min in semi-rotary mode) 1 Turret unwinder Dodpfxjzqnxts Acnokr 2 Flexo unit for spot coating with rotating register 1 Web cleaner QRC (Quick Remote Connection) 1 new die-cutting forme with repeat lengths of 41.30–371.00 mm (1.6–14.6 in) – semi-rotary mode approx. 700 die-cutting sheets

Condition: used, Used strip layout die set from LVD Upper blade: P10.12 W20 Lower die: T12 20 Dsdpfjzk Hr Sjx Acnokr V12 opening (for approx. 1.5 mm) 6 x 508 mm = 3048 mm

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1979, functionality: unexamined, total height: 1,860 mm, total width: 1,040 mm, total length: 1,000 mm, overall weight: 1,400 kg, For sale is a used machine from a site closure. Sale is made with the exclusion of any warranty for defects. Dkodpfezrfawsx Acnor The machine has not been inspected but was in working order until the end.

Condition: used, CNC press brake FASTI, Type 904-125/30 Serial No. 95-904-5775 Year of manufacture 1995 Press force 125 tons Working length 3050 mm Stroke approx. 335 mm Stand distance 300 mm Distance between side stands 2550 mm Tool installation height max. 465 mm (opening width between tool holders) Table width 90 mm (the clamping system is mounted on the table) Table height above floor 875 mm (910 mm with clamping system) Back gauge X-axis 500 mm Back gauge R-axis 115 mm Back gauge Z-axis approx. 1950 mm Lowering speed Y-axis rapid traverse 90 mm/s Lowering speed Y-axis working traverse 8.9 mm/s Return speed Y-axis retraction 75 mm/s Oil capacity approx. 160 liters Motor power 18.5 kW Mains connection 400 volts, 50 Hz, 20 amps - 7-axis CNC control DELEM, Type DA 58 with LCD screen - 1 axis for back gauge - gauge depth (X-axis) - 2 axes for back gauge - gauge height (finger R1 + finger R2) Dksdpehmmfkofx Acnjr - 2 axes for back gauge - gauge fingers, laterally adjustable (finger Z1 + finger Z2) - 2 axes for press beam with servo valves and measuring system Y1 and Y2 - Operation via electric foot switch and 2-hand control panel or only 2-hand control panel - Hydraulic tool clamping for the upper tool system TRUMPF, with 20 mm clamping groove - Hydraulic tool clamping for the lower tool with 13 mm table groove, depth 21 mm (tool shank 13 x 20 mm) - Safety light curtain FIESSLER, Type AKAS - 2 pcs material support arms, manually adjustable laterally and in height - Electrical diagram, hydraulic diagram, user manual for control system available - Control cabinet on the machine - Without tools Space requirement L x W x H 5000 x 2500 x 3050 mm Transport dimensions L x W x H 5200 x 1900 x 2950 mm Weight 8.5 tons Good condition

Condition: used, Servo press brake SAFAN Type SMK-P 50-2550 TS1 Downstroke bending machine with 4-axis CNC control Serial No. MK 285 Year of manufacture: 1998 CNC control SAFAN software version 5.07 TS1 Press force: 500 kN (50 tons) Working length: 2550 mm Dkjdpfx Acoxpqy Dener Stroke: 215 mm Clearance between side frames: 2700 mm Tool installation height: max. 414 mm Table width: 55 mm Table height above floor: 950 mm Approach speed: approx. 75 mm/s Return speed: approx. 75 mm/s Working speed: approx. 1.6 to 15 mm/s Motor power: 9 kW Power supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz, 9 kW - 4-axis CNC control SAFAN software version 5.07 TS1, Y1 and Y2 axis for ram - 2-axis backgauge, X-axis (backgauge depth adjustment), R-axis (backgauge height adjustment) - 2 backgauge fingers, laterally adjustable by hand (Z1, Z2) - Ram drive via 2 servomotors and belt drive - Working speed steplessly adjustable - Operation via electric foot switch and/or two-hand control panel - 13 clamping holders for the upper tool (UKB system, type 50.571, UKB System A) - Tool holder for lower tool, 55 mm wide with 13 mm groove, 21 mm groove depth (Trumpf system or UKB System B) - Supplied without bending tools (a new set from UKB costs approx. 3,600 EUR net) - Displayed total operating hours = 8,120 h - Number of working strokes: 1,049,789 strokes Space requirements (L x W x H): 3450 x 1850 x 2650 mm Weight: 5,000 kg Good condition

Condition: used, CNC Press Brake BEYELER - BYSTRONIC Type PR 8 (2500 kN x 3100 mm) Press brake with 6-axis backgauge and CYBELEC control Serial No.: Year of manufacture: 2001 Pressing force: 250 tons Working length: 3100 mm Stroke: 365 mm Throat depth: 410 mm Clearance between side frames: 2750 mm Table width: 100 mm, 200 mm with table extension Table height above floor: 840 mm Backgauge X-axis: 620 mm travel Backgauge R-axis: 240 mm Approach speed: 200 mm/s Working speed: 1-10 mm/s Dkjdpfx Aoya Iaqjcner Y rapid traverse: 200 mm/s Y working traverse: 1-10 mm/s Y return: 135 mm/s Oil capacity: approx. 400 liters Motor power: 18.5 kW Connected load: approx. 25 kW Power supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz, 50 Amp. - 8 axis CNC control Cybelec DNC 1200 PS/A, X1 + X2 / R1 + R2 / Z1 + Z2 - 2 freely programmable backgauge fingers, laterally movable (Z1+Z2) - Backgauge (X-axis 620 mm) with 3 gauging points up to max. 1080 mm - Ram with servo valves and measuring system Y1 and Y2 - FIESSLER AKAS safety light barrier - Operation via electric foot switch and/or two-hand control panel - Hydraulic upper tool clamping (TRUMPF system) with 20 mm clamping slot - Tool holder for lower tool, height 160 mm x width 60 mm, with holder slot 14 x 23 mm - Tool system TRUMPF, without tools Space requirement (L x W x H): 0 x 2500 x 3400 mm Machine transport height: 3360 mm Weight: 17,000 kg Good condition

Condition: good (used), Offer 80216 Technical data: Dkjdpszrvmnsfx Acner - Various pass-through openings, round and square - Length approx. 450 mm - Width approx. 450 mm - Plate thickness approx. 120 mm - Table height with base frame 720 mm - Space requirement: W 500 x D 500 x H 720 mm - Weight approx. 120 kg

Condition: good (used), Offer 80215 Technical data: - Various pass-through openings, round and square - Length approx. 450 mm - Width approx. 450 mm - Plate thickness approx. 120 mm Dodszrvi Aopfx Acnskr - Table height with substructure 720 mm - Space requirement: W 500 x D 500 x H 720 mm - Weight approx. 120 kg

Condition: used, Table unit from a DROOP & REIN portal milling machine Clamping plate with T-slots made of cast steel gray cast iron Djdpsthuzpsfx Acnekr Table unit with clamping plate and very solid guideway Table clamping surface 5500 x 2000 mm Travel of the table clamping plate approx. 3100 mm Table height 1050 mm Table load: max. 20 tons Ball screw: Ø 100 mm Thread pitch: 20 mm (single-start) - Processing table guided very stably on the bed - Metal telescopic guideway cover - comes from a DROOP & REIN portal milling machine - Longitudinal table movement via ball screw and SIEMENS servo motor - Clamping surface with 11 T-slots 28 mm - Drive via SIEMENS 1FT6134-6AB71-1AG2 servo motor with IC200448S/R encoder (RN 000 B25) Total length 9500 mm Width 2000 mm Overall height 1050 mm dead weight 28 ton. good condition

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: R500, FiberFlow R500 Cooling Die for Sale The FiberFlow R500 Cooling Die is a specially developed solution for structuring alternative proteins in High Moisture Extrusion (HME). The cooling die is designed to produce fibrous protein structures through controlled cooling and optimized flow guidance, making it particularly suitable for applications such as plant-based meat and seafood alternatives, as well as structured convenience products. The FiberFlow R500 is designed for throughput rates of up to 500 kg/h at operating pressures of up to 70 bar. Its annular (ring-shaped) geometry ensures optimal flow distribution, resulting in uniform fiber formation and consistently high product quality. The system features a modular design and is sold as a complete unit consisting of four segments. Dkjdpfsy Um Tgjx Acnsr Particular emphasis has been placed on hygienic design, enabling the system to meet the stringent requirements of the food industry. The construction allows for easy and efficient cleaning. The FiberFlow R500 is designed for seamless integration into existing extrusion lines and can be incorporated into continuous production processes without difficulty.

Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 50,000 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Item for sale: Bobst Sprintera 106-PER. Fully documented! Copies of invoices for service and overhauls are all available! Completely overhauled power register! Linear drives new Inverters new Complete pallet transport/machine logistics system new Bobst Sprintera 106-PER Year of manufacture: 2003 Max. format: 760 x 1060 mm Min. format: 400 x 350 mm Max. speed: 12,000 sheets/hour Max. cutting force: 250 t Dedszp Hcujpfx Acnekr Paper: min. 80 g/m² Cardboard: max. 2000 g/m² Non-stop feeder Non-stop delivery Quick-locking system Pricing according to customer requirements. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any further questions.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, - Single screw extruder - 25/25 LD screw - Motor: 2.2 kW - Wide slot die adapted 1.0 x 120 mm - With cooling rollers (200 mm wide) Dedjrg Ebcspfx Acnjkr - Winder / haul-off - Control system

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, AM-20 Laboratory/Pilot Extruder with Wide-Slot/Film Die and Calender Unit Compact, vertical laboratory and pilot extruder AM-20 suitable for processing various plastics such as PP, PE, PS, ABS, PVC and other plastic granulates. The machine is equipped with a wide-slot die/film die, making it ideal for film extrusion, material testing, color and mixing trials, as well as development applications in laboratory and pilot plant environments. Dodpjyyw T Usfx Acnskr Additionally, calendering equipment is included, as shown in the photos. Technical data: • Model: AM-20 • Voltage: 110 V / 220 V • Input voltage: 2 x 220 V • Power: 1000 W • Screw diameter: 20 mm • L/D ratio: 15:1 • Throughput: approx. 500–1000 g/h • Dimensions: 45 x 25 x 60 cm Suitable for: • Film extrusion • Laboratory and pilot-scale trials • Material development • Color and mixing tests