Used Cardboard Packaging for sale (13,089)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, Packaging capacity: 60 cycles/h, max. lifting load: 5kg, carton type: single-wall carton boards, carton dimensions X/Y/Z: 1200mm/800mm/2mm, max. stacking height: 890mm, operating pressure: 6bar, air consumption: 7l at 6bar per cycle. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Hodpfouml Tasx Al Tsnr

Year of construction: 2017, condition: ready for operation (used), A foam bag system for packaging smaller and individually manufactured parts is available. Packaging capacity: 16 bags/min, film type: perforated, bag dimensions 1 X/Y: 470mm/400mm, bag dimensions 2 X/Y: 470mm/600mm. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 500mm/500mm/700mm, weight: approx. 30kg, control: Instapak 901. Includes two component filler, spare parts, and foil bags. Documentation vorhanden. An on-site inspection is possible. Hsdjx A Hg Hepfx Al Tenr

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2025, An integrated packaging system Soco consisting of a carton erector and a carton sealer is available. 1) Bottom flap folder Soco F-100P, min. carton width: 320mm, max. carton width: 520mm, max. carton length: 900mm, machine dimensions X/Y: approx. 750mm/1150mm. 2) Carton sealing machine Soco T-402 5-5-7, carton length range: 200mm-750mm, carton width range: 120mm-460mm, carton height range: 95mm-470mm, sealing capacity: 18/min, max. adhesive tape roll diameter: 385mm, weight: approx. 200kg. Including safety guarding, roller conveyor and transfer unit. The system is as new and has only been in operation since January 2026. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Hodpjy Hk Tnjfx Al Tjnr

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1989, A Uhlmann cartoning machine for blister packaging including a GUK folding machine is available. 1) Uhlmann C100 cartoner, year of manufacture: 1989, max. packaging output: approx. 100/min, min. carton format X/Y/Z: 30mm/15mm/70mm, max. carton format X/Y/Z: 100mm/85mm/150mm, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3000mm/1500mm/1800mm, weight: approx. 1500kg. 2) GUK FA 21/4 Cartonac folding machine, folding pockets: 4, infeed width: 210mm, output: 300folds/min, min. format X/Y: 90mm/90mm, max. format X/Y: 210mm/320mm, paper weight range: 30g/m²-180g/m², machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 800mm/700mm/400mm, weight: approx. 80kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Hsdpfxoy Equas Al Tenr

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, Length: 8000mm, width: 6000mm, weight: 30t, with staircase access, 360° catwalk and roll discharge. An on-site inspection is possible. Hnodpfxszulhge Al Tjr

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, The ELIXA 30L automatic stretch wrapper from Gruppo Fabbri is specifically designed for the automatic packaging of food trays using stretch film. Compact, fast, and easy to use, it perfectly meets the needs of food processing workshops, processing laboratories, packaging platforms, and supermarket departments. Thanks to its patented Super Stretch technology, it guarantees uniform packaging while optimizing film consumption. This ELIXA 30L wrapper automatically recognizes the dimensions of the trays and instantly adjusts the required film length. Furthermore, it uses a single film width (330 mm) to package products of various sizes. Consequently, production changes are reduced, and operating costs are lowered. Its "Plug & Pack" system also allows for quick start-up without complex adjustments. Moreover, this machine accepts different types of trays, whether made of plastic, polystyrene, plant-based material, or compostable material. It can package meats, poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables, cheeses, prepared dishes, and many other fresh products. In addition, its small footprint makes it easy to integrate into limited production spaces without compromising performance. Finally, this ELIXA 30L automatic stretch wrapper is reconditioned by Europ'Équipement. Each machine is inspected, cleaned, checked, and tested before being sold to offer a reliable, economical, and sustainable solution for food industry professionals. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Gruppo Fabbri Vignola S.p.A. Model: ELIXA 30L Type: Automatic stretch film wrapper Year of manufacture: 2017 Electrical power supply: 230 V Hjdpfxoznuxze Al Tenr Phases: 1 + N + PE Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz Current: 12.2 A + 3.8 A Weight: 250 kg Maximum output: Up to 30 packages/minute Film width: 330 mm Maximum tray dimensions: 400 × 260 × 200 mm* PCULQ7HO

Year of construction: 1979, operating hours: 500 h, condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 123, We are selling a Bosch Höller 3 edge-sealing machine that underwent a general overhaul in 2022. The machine has been fully converted to servo drive and fitted with an S7 control system. Coloured or clear film is fed via a roller, folded into a bag measuring 11 cm wide by 15 cm high, and sealed. The grippers can be individually adjusted within the frame as required. Product feeding is via a screw feeder, which also operates fully electrically with all standard parameters. The machine is fully operational. Depending on the product to be filled, speeds of 40–60 bags per minute can be achieved. Hedpoizag Tefx Al Tenr

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, We are selling used equipment: Hnedjzfpzfopfx Al Tor 4x conveyor belts 11m x 0.5m x 0.85m --> €980 each 1x Krups conveyor belt 4m x 0.45m --> €950 1x Krups conveyor belt 5m x 0.45m --> €980 1x Fröhlich conveyor belt 4m x 0.5m with frequency converter --> €1,200 2x Wegener + Stapel roller conveyor 4m x 0.45m --> €1,400 each 1x blue roller conveyor 6m x 0.7m --> €550 1x accordion-style roller conveyor 4m x 0.5m --> €550 1x Illig HSP35b heat sealing machine --> €4,800 1x Benison CH-100 tamper-evident device --> €5,000 1x IT rack 2.1m x 1m x 0.8m --> €450 2x Bito flow rack 2.8m x 2.5m x 1.3m --> €800 each 1x Popp Maschinenbau post-press system and much more! Prices are negotiable. If interested, please contact us to arrange a viewing. Alternatively, you can make us an offer directly.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: ready for operation (used), A comprehensive machine package for textile processing, automatic cutting, laser cutting, industrial sewing operations, punching and riveting is offered. 1) CNC cutting table Atom FlashCut 222, year of manufacture 2020, machine weight: approx. 650kg, the machine will be available at the end of 2026. 2) CO₂ laser cutting and engraving machine Trotec Rayjet 50 with associated extraction system, working area: approx. 457mm/305mm, laser power: 30W, max. processing speed: approx. 1.5m/s, Aigner/Trotec Atmos Cube extraction system, year of manufacture: 2020, airflow: 320m³/h. 3) Single-needle lockstitch flatbed machine with triple feed and large vertical hook Dürkopp Adler 867 ECO, subclass 867-190020-M, max. stitch length: approx. 9mm, clearance: approx. 335mm, clearance height: approx. 125mm. 4) Single-needle high-speed lockstitch machine Juki DDL-9000B-SS, year of manufacture 2019, max. sewing speed: approx. 5000stitches/min, max. stitch length: approx. 5mm, needle bar stroke: approx. 30.7mm. 5) Single-needle high-speed lockstitch machine Dürkopp Adler 261-140342-02, max. stitch length: approx. 5mm, control: AHE59. 6) Post-bed sewing machine Pfaff 591-900/81-BL. 7) 2x identical swing-arm cutting presses Moneus 1333. 8) 5-thread overlock machine Chee Siang Golden Wheel CSK-2516D-03/S35-3x5. 9) Manually operated riveting and setting machine with mechanical foot operation. 10) Rotary screw compressor Kaeser Aircenter SM 13, year of manufacture: 2020, motor power: 7.5kW, max. operating pressure: 11bar, motor speed: 2955rpm, control: Kaeser SIGMA CONTROL 2. Documentation available. Inspection possible by appointment. Hedpszt Skxjfx Al Tsnr

Condition: used, Standard equipment 1,220 mm working width. Hnjdpfx Alobrix Ne Tjr

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, machine/vehicle number: FA72, Technical Specifications & Performance DataThe SMI TF350 is a tray packaging machine designed for the secondary packaging of PET bottles. Built in 2009, this industrial packaging machine forms bottle packs into trays for efficient handling, transport, and distribution within a used bottling line. It provides a practical solution for beverage production facilities requiring dependable end-of-line packaging equipment.Manufacturer: SMIModel: TF350Year of manufacture: 2009Production capacity: 45-50 packs/minContainer handling: PET bottlesAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsThis tray packer is intended for automated packaging operations, supporting the organized grouping of PET bottles into tray configurations. Machines of this type are integrated with synchronized product infeed and discharge systems to maintain consistent pack flow through the secondary packaging stage. The TF350 can support streamlined operation in industrial packaging environments where repeatable pack formation is required.Production Line Integration CapabilitiesThe SMI TF350 can be positioned downstream of filling, capping, labeling, and bottle conveying equipment in a PET bottling line. It is suited to beverage production layouts where filled bottles must be grouped and prepared for palletizing or further distribution. Its capacity of 45-50 packs/min enables integration with appropriately matched upstream and downstream equipment.As a second hand tray packaging machine, it can be considered for line upgrades, replacement projects, or the expansion of existing bottling equipment. Correct integration requires compatible bottle conveyors, pack discharge handling, tray supply arrangements, and coordination with downstream palletizing or warehouse logistics systems.Machine Condition & Maintenance HistoryThe machine is in very good condition and has been regularly maintained. Extensive annual overhauls have been carried out by the manufacturer, supporting continued operational reliability. The tray packer remains in production until September 30, 2026, demonstrating that it is part of an active packaging process prior to dismantling.Operational Performance & VersatilityDesigned specifically for PET bottle handling, this tray packaging machine supports the secondary packaging stage of beverage production. Tray packing helps create stable, manageable bottle groups for storage, transport, and subsequent pallet handling. The machine is suitable for producers seeking used bottling line equipment that supports organized end-of-line operations without changing the primary filling process.Its role in industrial packaging is to convert a continuous flow of bottles into defined tray-packed units, improving product handling between production and distribution stages. Final pack configuration and compatibility should be coordinated with the bottle format, tray design, conveyor layout, and required downstream logistics flow.Installation Requirements & Site PreparationInstallation should be planned around the existing bottle conveyor route and the required infeed and discharge elevations. The machine is scheduled for dismantling and loading between October 7 and October 10, 2026. Site preparation should include adequate acc... Hedoztwl Uopfx Al Tenr

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue No.: 7858 ADVANTAGES – Polish production – for cross-cutting packages or round timber – unpainted – mobile, on wheels – used saw, in very good condition TECHNICAL DATA Hnedpfozulumex Al Tor guide bar length: 2100 mm cutting length: 1900 mm automatic lubrication of the cutting system damping and tension system in the head manual guide bar feed electric motor: 7.5 kW transport dimensions (L/W/H): 1900x900x2710 mm total weight: 205 kg Net price: 28,900 PLN Net price: 6,880 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change in the event of significant fluctuations)

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Due to warehouse clearance, we are selling a total of 12-15 used machines/presses/workshop presses (see pictures, including those from Bosch). The machines are mounted on sturdy base frames/tables and are ideal for workshops, production, hobbyists, or for obtaining spare parts. Individual price: €60 per machine. Package price: If you purchase all 7 machines, you will receive an attractive package price! Condition: Used, as shown in the pictures (see photos). Hodpfx Aezqtzmjl Tjnr Upon request, transport and loading can be arranged for an additional fee, and we can organize transport throughout Europe. Prices exclude VAT. Inspection is possible by appointment. Contact us; our team will be happy to assist you. Trade-in or exchange is possible! Machine purchase and sale WE BUY/SELL PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES, AMONG OTHERS. Do you need a high-quality but affordable metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours? For more information or to contact us, please visit our website.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, 🔧 Multivac Semi-Automated Blister Packaging Line (2021 – Unused) Complete Medical Device Packaging System – Fully Stainless Steel Available now at Used Machine Tools Ireland Ltd, this Multivac semi-automated packaging line is in as-new condition, originally installed in 2021 at a medical device facility but never used. This is a high-spec, turnkey blister packaging solution, ideal for medical, pharmaceutical, food and high-spec manufacturing environments requiring cleanroom-compatible, stainless steel equipment. This Multivac semi-automated blister packaging line (2021) includes dual T700 tray sealers, MR625 labelling system, robotic handling modules, inspection stations, and full conveyor system, designed for medical-grade blister packaging in stainless steel environments. Suitable for 150–180mm blister packs with double sealing process. 🚀 Key Highlights ✔️ As new – never used (2021 installation) ✔️ Full stainless steel construction – medical grade ✔️ Complete automated blister packaging line ✔️ Dual Multivac T700 tray sealers ✔️ Integrated labelling, inspection & robotic handling ✔️ Designed for precision medical device packaging ✔️ Includes large quantity of spare parts & tooling Hodpfxeyzf Ucs Al Tjnr ⚙️ Packaging Process Overview This line is designed for high-efficiency double blister packaging: 4-place carrier tray automatically loaded with empty blister packs Manual filling of blister packs with product Tray moves to Multivac T700 Sealer #1 Automatic sealing + labelling via Multivac MR625 Cross Web Labeller Small blister packs are automatically transferred into larger blister packs (double pack) using a Multivac H242 Robotic Handler (double pack) Packs placed into 2-place carrier tray Tray moves to Multivac T700 Sealer #2 for final sealing Finished trays move to manual unloading & boxing stations via a Multivac H242 Robotic Handler Three inspection stages ensure quality control 📦 Product Size Capability Blister Pack Sizes: 150 x 150 x 70mm 180 x 180 x 80mm 🏭 Full Equipment List 🔹 Multivac Equipment 2 x Multivac T700 Automatic Tray Sealers High-performance automatic tray sealing system 1 x Multivac MR625 / MR6318 Cross Web Labeller Fully automatic cross web labelling 2 x Multivac H242 Robotic Handling Modules Automated product transfer High-speed pick & place functionality Designed for integration with packaging lines 2 x Multivac MTD351 Tray Denesters Automatic tray separation and feeding Reliable high-speed tray handling 🔹 ASYS Tecton Automation Equipment 2 x ASYS Tecton Tray Stackers 1 x Horizontal Tray Stacker (6 x 5 carriers) 1 x Horizontal Tray Stacker (4 x 5 carriers) 3 x ASYS Tecton Inspection Stations 🔹 Additional Equipment 23 x Conveyor Sections (various lengths) Multiple HMI Control Panels throughout line 13 x Stainless Steel Handling Trolleys Extensive spare parts package included 💡 Typical Applications Medical device blister packaging Pharmaceutical packaging lines Cleanroom packaging systems Double blister / sterile barrier packaging High-spec manufacturing environments 📦 Condition Installed 2021 Never used – as new condition Fully maintained & preserved Now dismantled - videos of line in operation are available Note: Specifications and information provided in each listing are supplied in good faith; however, their accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Some tables in the videos/photos are not included No printers are included

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Fully automatic orbital stretch wrapper Packaging machine OYLMPIA 600 S Application: Packaging and grouping of your products. General technical data: - Main motor power: 1.1 kW - Max. ring speed: 85 rpm - Min. ring speed: 20 rpm - Electronic control components: Siemens, Schneider, LS - Total weight: 590 kg Standard equipment: - Powered conveyor belt (infeed and outfeed) for automatic product feeding - Adjustable ring speed - Adjustable stretch tension with a mechanical braking device - Automatic stretch clamping and cutting system - Automatic stretch hook system - Product fixing by a pneumatic unit at the infeed and outfeed of the machine - Photo cell for automatic start of the wrapping process - Touch screen to adjust machine parameters to product requirements - Operator safety systems Optional equipment: - Various types of conveyors - Infeed and outfeed rollers Technical specifications: Wrapping dimensions: - Max. length: unlimited - Min. length (W x H x L): 100 x 18 x 550 mm Conveyor belt functions: - Usable length: 1985 mm - Total length: 2000 mm - Working height: 870 mm - Electric motor power: 0.37 kW - Max. speed: 15 m/min - Load capacity: 100 kg/m Stretch film characteristics: - Max. width: 170 mm - Max. diameter: 230 mm - Roll core diameter: 76 mm - Recommended material thickness: 23, 30, 35 microns Hnodpjzrgwwsfx Al Tor

Condition: ready for operation (used), Table diameter: 1000mm, tool height: 80mm, sealing pressure: 1.6t, number of stations: 4, connected load: 3kW, including tools, machine was hardly used. Hsdpfxjif Elgo Al Tsnr

Year of construction: 2019, condition: ready for operation (used), Length: 5650mm, width: 2960mm, height: 1850mm, with documentation, without lifting device and roller conveyer, an inspection is possible. Hnedpep R R H Isfx Al Tjr

Year of construction: 2013, condition: good (used), Ref. no.: 18592 Manufacturer: SEALPAC Type: Sealpac A5 Year of construction: 2013 Further information: TECHNICAL DATA Feature Specification Manufacturer SEALPAC GmbH Model SEALPAC A5 Machine Type Tray Sealer / Schalenverschließanlage Serial Number A5-01-2661 Year of Manufacture 2013 Electrical Connection 3 x 400 / 230 V Frequency 50–60 Hz Installed Power max. 8 kW Machine Weight approx. 1,600 kg Control System Touchscreen control panel Construction Stainless steel Working Environment Cleanroom / Clean room Application Areas Medical / Food / Technical packaging SEALPAC A5 Tray Sealer Used – Excellent Condition – From Cleanroom Production Previously used for cleanroom packaging of medical and laboratory consumables, including pipette tip racks. This high-quality SEALPAC A5 tray sealing machine is designed for professional packaging applications where hygiene, reliability and process stability are essential. Hjdpfxey Udgdj Al Tonr The machine was previously operated in a cleanroom environment, making it particularly suitable for medical, laboratory and sensitive packaging applications. Thanks to its stainless steel construction, compact design and user-friendly control system, the machine offers reliable and efficient production performance. As visible in the photos, the machine is in very clean and well-maintained condition. General Condition The machine is currently dismantled and stored. Visual condition is very clean and the machine was previously used in a professional production environment.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2018, Approx. 149m used conveyor belt for cardboard boxes / belt conveyor, SSI Schäfer – used. Price ex works (net): only €12,500, disassembled, packed and loaded! Manufacturer: SSI Schäfer Year of manufacture: 2018 Conveyor belt drive: 1.5 kW = 14 units Details such as belt width etc. will follow. Condition: good Available: from approximately October 2026 Hodozpf Ddjpfx Al Tsnr Location: Erfurt area

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, Binder BINDER KB 720 Refrigerated Incubator with P Plus Package – Battery Test Chamber EUCAR 5, CO₂ Extinguishing System Device Description: For sale is a BINDER KB 720 (E6) refrigerated incubator, year of manufacture 2022, equipped with the extended safety and performance test package “P Plus”. This unit is not a regular laboratory incubator, but a high-quality safety test chamber, specifically developed for aging, performance, and safety tests of lithium-ion energy storage systems. Special Added Value: The unit is designed to reliably detect, monitor, and safely contain critical battery events – up to EUCAR Hazard Level 5 (fire/flames, but no explosion). Device Capabilities (Section 2 – Performance & Application): - Aging tests on lithium-ion cells - Performance tests (charge/discharge cycles under controlled temperature) - Temperature endurance and thermal cycling tests - Testing of both unpowered and cycled cells - Reproducible, precise temperature control throughout the usable chamber - Safe testing under realistic thermal conditions - Test environment for R&D, automotive, e-mobility, and energy storage applications Suitable for: - Battery and cell manufacturers - Research and development laboratories - Test laboratories & safety assessments - Automotive / E-mobility / Energy storage sectors P Plus Package turns the KB 720 into a dedicated battery safety test cabinet: Integrated Safety Features: - Automatic & manual CO₂ fire suppression system - Smoke detector with optical & acoustic alarm - Mechanical double-door locking (secure containment) - Spark protection in the chamber - Exhaust port with reversible overpressure flap - Ports for external inertization (e.g., nitrogen) - Emergency stop / manual triggering of suppression system - Access ports for charging and measurement cables Result: The unit is designed for testing lithium-ion cells up to EUCAR Hazard Level 5, where fire or flames may occur without explosion or uncontrolled propagation. It is not an abuse or destruction test device, but rather a safe, standard-compliant chamber for real-world operating and fault scenarios. Technical Data: - Temperature range: –10°C to +100°C - Interior volume: approx. 698 liters - Shelves: 4 × stainless steel - Max. load per shelf: 45 kg - Max. total load: 100 kg Electrical Data: - Power supply: 200–240 V AC - Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz - Phase: single-phase - Power consumption: approx. 2.1 kW - Fuse rating: 16 A - Refrigerant: R134a - Protection class: IP 20 Dimensions & Weight: - External (W × H × D): approx. 1250 × 1950 × 900 mm - Internal (W × H × D): approx. 970 × 1250 × 576 mm In summary – What makes this device special: - True battery safety test chamber Hodpfxszizr Re Al Tonr - EUCAR Hazard Level 5 compliant - Integrated CO₂ suppression system - Large chamber (≈700 l) - High market and resale value - Weight: approx. 285–300 kg Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Subject to technical changes and errors. All details without obligation!) For further questions, we are happy to assist you by phone.

Condition: used, Manufacturer: Treif / Variovac Year: 2018 Condition: Used Stock Number: 3346J / 3347J Line is consisting of: Treif slicer Type: Divider 660+ Serial number: 660002.21888.133706 Year of construction: 2018 Cuts: max 2640 RPM Slice thickness: 0.5 - 25 mm Stacking height: up to 100 mm Product size: max 280 x 160 mm Product length: max 850 mm Belt width: 385 mm Compressed air: min 6 Bar Power: 3 x 400V, 50Hz, 7.5kW Dimensions: 1900 x 1050 x 2150 mm Weight: 850 kg Including knife holder and tool trolley Treif / Wipotec check weigher Belt width: 345 mm Weighing platform: 400 mm Dimensions: 400 x 1100 x 1050 mm Hedpfxeyz Sc Tj Al Tjnr Treif transversal sorter Belt width: 420 mm Dimensions: 700 x 1050 x 1050 mm Treif sorting conveyor Belt width: 420 mm Dimensions: 2300 x 1150 x 1250 mm Treif knife sharpener Type: HS-380 Serial number: 243003.61973.105787 Year of construction: 2009 Dimensions: 500 x 900 x 1650 mm Weight: 90 kg Variovac thermoformer Type: Optimus Serial number: 420.OL0707 Year of construction: 2018 Film: rigid film Film width: 420 mm Index: 280 mm Dye: 2 pc. of 232 x 175 mm Vacuum pump: Busch, RA0100F Compressed air: min 6 Bar Power: 3 x 400V, 50Hz, 15kW Dimensions: 4200 x 1100 x 1850 mm Weight: 1170 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, Cartoner including hot melt applicator. This device has a low operating hour count. It is particularly suitable for products that can be fed into the carton from the side. Hodpfx Ajvb E Evsl Tonr

Condition: ready for operation (used), Used can manufacturing line for the production of 73 mm or 99 mm cans. Several compositions of machines are available. Consisting of: - Krupp Sdvt duplex slitter - Soudronic FBB400 welding machine - Soudronic inside powder coating system - Outside lacquering system - Frei curing oven Hodpfx Alsvy Tyxo Tjnr - Metalbox 65d spin flanger - FMI A304 beader - FMC 652 seamer

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, Nordson Problue hotmelt unit equipped with an automatic filling system (Fulfill). This unit comes standard with two hose connections but can be supplied with four hose connections upon request (surcharge €750). The offer includes the unit with the filling system; a suction lance and a hose with container are not included but can be supplied separately. Work safely, cleanly, and with less manual effort using this fully operational hotmelt glue unit. Hjdpextc Twefx Al Tjnr

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2021, Machine is in good working condition. Hnodpfeznbxbex Al Tsr