Used Uv Curing Oven for sale (1,918)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain UV 105 ID 344980-01 The listed cost covers only the repair analysis of your component, which you can send to us. After evaluating your component, you will receive a quotation with the actual repair costs. Upon your approval for repair, the analysis fee will be waived. As part of the repair process, your component will be fully overhauled, and we offer a 3-month warranty for our work. Dodpfsy Nrkyex Aqvecp

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain UV 106 ID 366572-11. The costs only cover the repair analysis of your component, which you can send to us. After examination of your component, you will receive a quotation with the actual repair costs. Once you approve the repair, the analysis fee will be waived. Your component will be completely overhauled as part of the repair and will come with a three-month warranty from us. Dodpsy Nrldjfx Aqvjcp

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain UV 111B ID 317559-32 The price includes only the repair analysis of your component, which you can send to us. After inspection of your component, you will receive a quotation with the actual repair costs. Upon receipt of your repair approval, the analysis costs will be waived. During the repair process, your component will be fully overhauled and will come with a 3-month warranty from us. Dcsdpfx Aqey Nrlwevjp

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain UV 130 ID 324998-03 The costs only include the repair analysis of your component, which you can send to us. After your component has been examined, you will receive a quotation with the actual repair costs. Once you approve the repair, the analysis costs will be waived. Your component will be completely overhauled and comes with a 3-month warranty from us. Dedpfey Nrm Iex Aqvocp

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain UV 130 ID: 324 998-03 SN: 8781155A – supplied with test report, professionally fully overhauled and tested, with 3 months warranty, 100% functional, scope of delivery as shown in photos. Please note: Under the exchange procedure, your returned defective unit must not show any mechanical damage, such as cracks or breakage, as these are considered irreparable. In such cases, an additional charge of €500 incl. VAT will apply. You are bidding on a Heidenhain UV 130 Inverter (Exchange Service), overhauled and tested, with 3 months warranty, and delivery scope as depicted. In both repair and exchange procedures, any defective exchange part must be free from mechanical damage; otherwise, a subsequent invoice of €500 incl. VAT will be issued. Dcjdpfx Aey Nrnlsqvjp

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Wachtel Infra Bakery Oven - Used - Year of manufacture: 2004 - Area: 8 square meters - 4 chambers (1.2 x 1.6 m) - Manual control - Steam generation for all chambers - Very good technical condition - Technically inspected Dcedpfjz A Acbjx Aqvsp - Collection from warehouse / shipping option available - Price on request

Condition: good (used), lifting height: 30,500 mm, fuel type: diesel, General information Year of manufacture: 2014 Mileage: 73.006 km Weights Empty weight: 7.240 kg Functional Lifting capacity: 320 kg Working height: 3.250 cm Dimensions of cargo space: 880 x 255 x 355 cm CE mark: yes Dcedpozzvygsfx Aqvep Condition Technical condition: good Visual appearance: good Other information TÜV Marked: yes Delivery terms: EXW Max. horizontal reach: 2088 m Max swing of platform in degrees: 500 Additional information Please contact Christian Theißen for more information Manufacturer: Ruthmann Model: T 330 Year of build: 2014 Condition: Used Data: Max. working height: 32,50 m Max. platform height: 30,50 m Max. reach: 20,88 m Platform dimensions LxW: 1,71 x 0,86 m Max. basket load: 320 kg Swivel range: 500° Ground pressure: 56 kN (front) / 42 kN (back) Ground clearance: 0,15 m Support width both sides: 5.30 m (front) / 5.20 m (back) Support length: 4,87 m Total dimensions LxWxH: 8,80 x 2,55 x 3,55 m Driving license category: C1/3 Empty weight: 7.240 kg Total permissible weight: 7.490 kg Special features: Rotatable work basket, basket arm, rotation angle, power connection in the basket, loading area with loading side panels, van body. WITHOUT roof protection. Information: TÜV und UVV new Location: 41468 Neuss immediately available

Condition: good (used), lifting height: 30,500 mm, fuel type: diesel, General information Year of manufacture: 2015 Weights Empty weight: 7.240 kg Dsdpfx Aqezzxypevjcp Functional Lifting capacity: 320 kg Working height: 3.250 cm Dimensions of cargo space: 880 x 255 x 355 cm CE mark: yes Condition Technical condition: good Visual appearance: good Other information TÜV Marked: yes Delivery terms: EXW Max. horizontal reach: 2090 m Max swing of platform in degrees: 180 Production country: DE Additional information Please contact Christian Theißen for more information Manufacturer: Ruthmann Model: T 330.1 Year of build: 2015 Condition: Used Data: Max. working height: 32,50 m Max. platform height: 30,50 m Max. reach: 20,88 m Total dimensions LxWxH: 8,80 x 2,55 x 3,55 m Platform dimensions LxW: 1,71 x 0,86 m Max. basket load: 320 kg Swivel range: 180° Ground pressure: 56 kN Ground clearance: 0,15 m Support width vertical: 2,53 m Support width one side: 3,86 m Support width both sides: 5,30 m Support length: 4,87 m Empty weight: 7.240 kg Driving license category: C1 / 3 Special features: Rotating work basket, jib arm, rotation angle, WITHOUT overhead guard, advantage: power and water connections in the basket, cargo bed with drop sides, box body, exceptional lateral outreach, automatic setup and stowing, greatest outreach on a 7.5t chassis. Information: TÜV and UVV inspections new

Condition: refurbished (used), Daub bakery oven, 22 m² - oven after general overhaul - includes heating boiler - control system with 2 secondary circuits - new magnetic pumps Option to build a new oven. Dcedpfx Aqozt Dbiovsp Upon agreement, we provide transport, installation, and warranty. Please contact us regarding availability.

Year of construction: 2017, condition: used, Inline thermal cure (TC) infrared and convection drying oven Dcjdpfx Aqezt I Rbsvsp Operational condition

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain UVR 120D ID 390 188-01 SN: 14057083B - including test report, professionally and completely overhauled and tested, with a 3-month warranty, 100% functional. Scope of delivery as shown in the photos. Note: In the exchange process, your defective exchange part must not have any mechanical damage, such as fractures, as these are no longer repairable. In this case, an additional charge of €1,000 including VAT will be applied. Dsdpoz Syzzjfx Aqvocp Attention: You are bidding on a Heidenhain UVR 120D inverter, ID 390 188-01, SN: 14057083B, offered as an exchange service. It has been professionally and completely overhauled and tested, and comes with a 3-month warranty. The scope of delivery is as shown in the photos. In both the repair and exchange procedures, your defective exchange part must not exhibit any mechanical damage, such as breakage, as these are no longer repairable. In this case, a subsequent invoice of €1,000 including VAT will be issued.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1967, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Performance data Dods Aa Ntnspfx Aqvjcp Pressure: 80 t Stroke rate: 125 strokes/min Total power requirement: 9.5 kW Machine weight: approx. 4.4 t Stroke and ram data Stroke: 20–120 mm Ram dimensions: 560 × 355 mm Ram adjustment: 72 mm Working area Overhang: 280 mm Table Table width: 710 mm Table depth: 560 mm EQUIPMENT UVV – accident prevention regulation

Condition: used, mileage: 124,000 km, power: 132 kW (179.47 HP), first registration: 07/2018, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,000 kg, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 2, loading space volume: 21 m³, loading space length: 5,150 mm, loading space width: 2,080 mm, loading space height: 2,050 mm, Equipment: air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, tail-lift, Equipment: Tail lift * Power steering * Partition * Central locking Climate control: Air conditioning * Rear-view camera Tail lift: DHollandia, 1000 kg Cargo space: L 5.15 m, W 2.08 m, H 2.05 m Dedpfs Ahphtex Aqvecp Wheelbase: 4.75 m The vehicle is in very good condition! New TÜV (technical inspection) and emissions test available for an extra charge.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Heidenhain UVR 140D converter, ID: 390 281-01, serial number: 13857609A – complete overhaul and testing performed by qualified personnel, including test report, with a 3-month warranty. 100% functional. Scope of delivery as shown in the photos. Dcedpfx Aj Ahvg Tjqvjp

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, I sell the 2-head 4-lamp UV-drying tunnel Cefla Ecolight TLF/BB/4+TTE 4000 Year 2001 Working width 1400mm. Dsdpfx Aqei Eup Ejvscp Total length 4,00m Total power 74,3 kW Very good condition, available immediately.

Condition: used, Centrifugal fan, dust extractor fan, fan, extractor, dust fan -Motor power: 3 kW -Voltage: 380/660 V -Speed: 2870 rpm Dodpsfdmg Ssfx Aqvocp -Volume flow: m³/h -Connection input: Ø 310 mm -Connection output: 400 x 200 mm -Dimensions: 1000/680/H1030 mm -Weight: 254 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Oven for the powder paint shop powered by natural gas. The furnace is designed for the polymerization of powder paint. It is equipped with the latest heat exchanger made entirely of stainless steel AISI 1.4301, characterized by very high efficiency. Working dimensions (mm): 1500 (W) x 9000 (D) x 2200 (H) Technical data: • Power supply 400V 50Hz • 2 x Riello 90kW burners • Operating temperature 210C Dcsdofktipspfx Aqvep • Maximum temperature 230C •High-class thermal insulation 150mm •Baffle in the middle of the stove allowing 50/50 Equipment: • upper transport, • Hot air circulation (Equal temperature throughout the furnace, acceleration of the heating process of details), • Safe opening and closing locks, • timer module, • Thermoregulator (controls the temperature inside and maintains it at the right level), • The stove is equipped with rails for easy transport. Cbauevig73 pvxg CHOOSE BUMEX SP. Z O.O. Very high quality of machines offered on the market. Professional advice and service. Guarantee. Warranty and post-warranty service. Full technical documentation. 100% satisfaction of our customers. All BUMEX SP. Z O.O. are WE certified. We offer our own transport - prices are set each time for a given offer. We issue VAT invoices. Short lead times! Possibility to order machines in various, personalized configurations and dimensions! Feel free to contact us.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, 7 "Touch Panel The large color touch panel looks aesthetically and is comfortable and intuitive to use. You will set all important parameters on it. Memory of 20 programs with 10 events It is possible to save up to 20 programs and activate up to 10 consecutive time-temperature events arranged in the heating curve. This is especially needed for more demanding processes. Information on gas / oil consumption The consumption is calculated based on the burner settings. This feature will allow you to estimate the cost of a given cycle, plan consumption and check personnel. Dual-channel recorder of USB cycle parameters Each furnace is equipped with a recorder that records all firing parameters, including two temperature channels - like in an airplane black box, on a USB flash drive. The system also enables the analysis of monthly / daily statements, including media consumption and performance. Each start of heating, opening the door, can be recreated, a few years back. Such a dedicated option is not offered by any manufacturer. It is a system developed from scratch by our programmers Automatic smoke exhaust chimney The chimney can be programmed to open a few minutes before the end of the firing in order to smoke the chamber. It can be remotely controlled from the panel, it does not need to be done mechanically as in most structures. Minute forecast until the end The cycle has started, how long will it end? calculating the heating dynamics, we will count it and show on the display how much longer it will take. Dcjdpfsfz U Hvex Aqvep To open it, just pull the door. The lock has adjustable pressure of the door, to close it just push it, the lock will catch the door and automatically pull it back. In order to minimize the effect of heating the hall when opening the door, a hood is installed above the door to remove some of the heat to other places. The MTS system was created to provide a real reading of the temperature of the furnace chamber. Standard measurement is based on one temperature measurement which is often wrong.MTS is a system of many sensors located in the outermost places of the chamber. The multi-zone heating system ensures a firing quality that has been so far unique. Each normal oven has only one heating zone and only one temperature measurement! The multi zone heat system supports up to 8 independent heating zones in one oven. Each heating zone has as many as 3 temperature sensors! When there are temperature differences between zones, they are automatically equalized! The system helps to combat the problem when elements of different material thicknesses enter the furnace.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Curing ovens shown in the photos can vary in price depending on size, configuration, and optional features. 💡📏⚙️ At ROMER, we manufacture both standard models and fully bespoke solutions, tailored to your process requirements. 🏭✅ Tell us your part size, line capacity, curing profile, and available space - and we will propose the best setup and the options that actually improve daily performance. 🔥🎯 🧠📡 Control and monitoring Live process control for temperature, time, airflow, and modes - with alarms and saved recipes for repeatable cycles. 🔁✅ 🔥🧩 Heating module Fast heat-up and stable temperature thanks to efficient heating elements and quick energy transfer. ⚡🌡️ 🌀💨 Air circulation Uniform airflow reduces temperature differences for consistent coating quality. 🎯✅ Dsdpfjfy T H Iex Aqvocp 🧱❄️ Insulation and design Smart chamber construction minimizes heat loss - faster reaching setpoint, lower consumption. ♻️📉 🛡️⚠️ Safety and certification Sensors, interlocks, and protection logic increase safety and reliability. 🔒👷 ⚡💰 High efficiency Optimized heat transfer and reduced losses mean real operating savings. 📉🔥 ⏰🤖 Automatic start Programmable schedule - automatic preheating before the shift for smoother production starts. ⏱️✅ 🚪🔒 Self-latching doors + intelligent chimney Prevents accidental opening, chimney activates only when needed for safer operation. 🧯✅ 🌿🔋 ECO mode Low-energy standby when idle - fuel consumption reduction up to 20% (depending on process). 🌱📉 👀💡 View and lighting Inspection without opening the door - fewer temperature drops, easier supervision. ✨👁️ 🛤️🔥 Guide rails + automatic hood Heat hood runs only during loading to reduce temperature loss, automatic rail infeed improves ergonomics and loading speed. 🙌⚙️ 🎛️🌡️ MULTI-ZONE HEAT Independent zone control for uniform curing of parts with different mass and geometry. 🧩✅ 🧠♨️ MTS system Heating elements mounted without thermal bridges - higher efficiency and faster time to set temperature. ⚡⏱️ 2-in-1 🧱↔️🧱 Split chamber Movable partition for two independent zones - drying and curing in one unit for maximum flexibility. 🚀🔁 🎚️🌀 VFD ventilation Variable fan speed based on chamber conditions - better control and lower electricity use. ⚙️💡

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Curing ovens shown in the photos can vary in price depending on size, configuration, and optional features. 💡📏⚙️ At ROMER, we manufacture both standard models and fully bespoke solutions, tailored to your process requirements. 🏭✅ Tell us your part size, line capacity, curing profile, and available space - and we will propose the best setup and the options that actually improve daily performance. 🔥🎯 🧠📡 Control and monitoring Live process control for temperature, time, airflow, and modes - with alarms and saved recipes for repeatable cycles. 🔁✅ 🔥🧩 Heating module Fast heat-up and stable temperature thanks to efficient heating elements and quick energy transfer. ⚡🌡️ 🌀💨 Air circulation Uniform airflow reduces temperature differences for consistent coating quality. 🎯✅ 🧱❄️ Insulation and design Smart chamber construction minimizes heat loss - faster reaching setpoint, lower consumption. ♻️📉 🛡️⚠️ Safety and certification Sensors, interlocks, and protection logic increase safety and reliability. 🔒👷 ⚡💰 High efficiency Optimized heat transfer and reduced losses mean real operating savings. 📉🔥 ⏰🤖 Automatic start Programmable schedule - automatic preheating before the shift for smoother production starts. ⏱️✅ 🚪🔒 Self-latching doors + intelligent chimney Prevents accidental opening, chimney activates only when needed for safer operation. 🧯✅ 🌿🔋 ECO mode Low-energy standby when idle - fuel consumption reduction up to 20% (depending on process). 🌱📉 👀💡 View and lighting Inspection without opening the door - fewer temperature drops, easier supervision. ✨👁️ 🛤️🔥 Guide rails + automatic hood Heat hood runs only during loading to reduce temperature loss, automatic rail infeed improves ergonomics and loading speed. 🙌⚙️ 🎛️🌡️ MULTI-ZONE HEAT Independent zone control for uniform curing of parts with different mass and geometry. 🧩✅ Dcjdpfx Aefzb Nijqvep 🧠♨️ MTS system Heating elements mounted without thermal bridges - higher efficiency and faster time to set temperature. ⚡⏱️ 2-in-1 🧱↔️🧱 Split chamber Movable partition for two independent zones - drying and curing in one unit for maximum flexibility. 🚀🔁 🎚️🌀 VFD ventilation Variable fan speed based on chamber conditions - better control and lower electricity use. ⚙️💡

Condition: not inspected (used), VERINOX JUNIOR universal oven for small and medium productions. The technological excellence of our most sophisticated industrial systems – applied to ovens for small and automatic medium productions – ensures maximum performance and top quality products. Oven with forced draft ventilation for dry cooking, steam cooking, drying and smoking Maximum heat treatment uniformity and efficiency (+/- 1°C) Fast heating up to 180°C Cooking time optimisation Suitable for all types of cooking and for top quality products Simple to use Low energy consumption Recipes and processes programmed from an electronic control panel for automatic oven operation Works 24 hours per day with the utmost reliability The JUNIOR oven is suitable for the following heat treatments: - Dry cooking - Drying - Frying - Smoking - Steaming Preparation uses: cheese, salami, pasta, confection of vegetables and fruits, drying of meat products, smoking of meat products, animal food, fish, etc. Junior universal ovens are thermally insulated with an expanded material that has high insulating properties, coated with sheets of satin-finish and ribbed AISI 304 stainless steel. The excellent speed and uniformity of the heating up to a maximum of 180°C, an important feature of the JUNIOR, is ensured by stainless steel fans and special shielded heating elements. The JUNIOR oven comes with its own steam production system. Integrated control system. The microprocessor-based control panel is an extremely hi-tech, simple and reliable means of control. Its main features are working temperature and time indicators, an indication of the number of stages in progress, airlock position indicator, commands for setting ventilation, commands for setting stage transition, commands for setting pause and delayed start, memorisation of values and functions in progress. Dsdpfx Asg H Tldoqvjcp Total external dimensions: W 107 cm x H 100 cm x H 215 cm Interior dimensions: W 97 cm x W 75 cm x H 120 cm Interior dimensions of the lower collector drawer: W 73 cm x W 72 cm x H 25 cm Trolley: 90 cm x 72 cm x120 cm The cell has 2 product probes. Power supply: 380 V, 12 kW For the Romanian companies, there is the possibility of selling in instalments. Price Euro 2.900 Euro + VAT, FCA: Oradea/Romania Irrtum, Anderungen und Zwischenverkauf vorbehalten / Subject to errors, changes and prior sale / Ne rezervăm dreptul la greșeli, modificări și vânzare We speak English. /Wir sprechen Deutsch./ Beszélünk magyarul. /Nous parlons français/Vorbim romana

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Model SLP-30/O Worksize dimensions 1200 width x 1800 height x 3000 depth Overall dimensions 1560 width x 2410 height x 3300 depth Dodpfxjbuyrns Aqvecp Power supply Electric Nominal power 27kW Voltage 380V Frequency 50-60Hz Door type: one sided Anti-Ex Schloss Homogeneity < ± 3.0°C if 180°C Temperature stability < ± 3.0°C Temperature max. 230° C Transport Ground (Rail in the floor) Heaters Exchangeable roof heating panels Circulation Vertical Ventilator Radial assembled on exchangeable panel Air flow Variable through holes on the walls Ventilation performance 1500m3/h Motor power 1,5kW Capacity 6480L Warranty 12 months

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, power: 42 kW (57.10 HP), inner dimension length: 3,000 mm, inner dimension width: 1,500 mm, inner dimension height: 1,800 mm, total length: 4,033 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, total height: 2,553 mm, fuel type: electric, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ ⚡ Top Service ⚡ Fast Delivery ⚡ Professional Support! ✈️ Shipping costs are calculated separately depending on the delivery address. Please contact us for an individual transport quote. ✅ Made-to-order manufacturing ✅ Brand new, unused professional industrial product ✅ Proton Maschinenbau GmbH is the sole authorized European distributor for Matech products ✅ 2-year warranty ⏱️ Delivery time: approx. 4 weeks after receipt of payment 📦 Please also inquire about current stock availability. ➖➖➖➖➖ ⭐ Matech Powder Coating Oven with Electric Heating – MATOVENB-151830 MATECH QUALITY – WITH PROTON SERVICE! ☘️ Efficient ☘️ Powerful ☘️ Professional Curing ✅ Electrically heated powder coating oven ✅ Digital temperature control up to 220°C ✅ Adjustable curing temperature and curing time ✅ Adjustable automatic exhaust fan function ✅ Audible signal at the end of the curing time ✅ Insulated door with special locking system ✅ Stable sandwich panel construction with strong insulation ✅ Timer function from 10 minutes to 24 hours ✅ Automatic shutdown after process completion ✅ Can be used with a mobile workpiece trolley ✅ Optionally with insert shelf system for small series ♨️ Also available as a high-temperature version up to 500°C. ⚡ Depending on the model/project, also available with electric, gas or diesel heating. ➖➖➖➖➖ Technical features: ✔️ Model: MATOVENB-151830 ✔️ Internal and external dimensions: see technical drawing in the image gallery ✔️ Electrical heating power: 42 kW ✔️ Fan capacity: 3,000 m³/h ✔️ Circulation fan: 1.50 kW ✔️ Exhaust fan: 0.53 kW ✔️ Total power: approx. 45 kW ±10 % ✔️ Digital temperature control ✔️ Temperature continuously adjustable up to 220°C ✔️ Inside: 1.2 mm galvanized steel ✔️ Outside: 1.2 mm powder-coated steel Dodpfx Aoiiwa Deqvecp ✔️ Insulation: 150 mm ✔️ 50 mm rock wool + 100 mm fiberglass ✔️ Adjustable curing time ✔️ Adjustable exhaust fan function ✔️ Audible signal after process completion ✔️ Control panel: 1 piece Other MATOVENB powder coating ovens in various sizes are available. Dimensions and technical data of the other models can be found in the attached catalog. ➖➖➖➖➖ ⚙️ Optional control functions ✅ PID control for precise temperature control ✅ Touchscreen control panel and smartphone control ✅ Ramp heating mode for defined temperature profiles ✅ Storage of process parameters ✅ Weekly and monthly reports at the touch of a button ➖➖➖➖➖ 🛡️ Safety and process control Safety sensor to prevent overheating Automatic shutdown in case of a fault Acoustic warning signals in case of errors Smoke extraction via automatic ventilation ➖➖➖➖➖ ♨️ Ramp heating mode (optional) Control the temperature profile and holding times precisely: • Reach the target temperature in a defined time • Maintain the desired time • Controlled cooling down to the target temperature • Automatic notifications for process events ➖➖➖➖➖ ✳️ Maintain your liquidity! We offer various financing models. Please contact us for leasing, hire purchase or installment payment options. ➖➖➖➖➖ Special sizes or individual designs are possible upon request. We will gladly plan a suitable solution for your workshop. Inquire now – make your company fit for professional powder coating!

Year of construction: 2007, condition: good (used), Oven for powder coating, Miwe roll-in model - used - year of manufacture 2007 - for sheet metal 60 x 80 Dcsdjir I T Hopfx Aqvop - computer control - oil or gas burner - exhaust hood with fan - 1 trolley - fully overhauled - available from stock or with delivery - with warranty - price on request

Condition: new, conveyor belt length: 22,000 mm, conveyor belt width: 3,750 mm, overall weight: 800 kg, The flat spiral belt with S-hook is a woven belts consisting of left and right spirals which are twined together by means of straight cross rods. The spirals are attached under post-tension, whereby a very dense belt surface is created. The cross rods at the end are bended in the direction of the previous cross rod. The cross rod is then bended around the previous cross rod. Weight 800kg Width 3.75m Diameter of chains 1.2mm Dsdpfx Ajtp S E Ejqvocp The flat spiral belts with S-sides are practically familiar with a restricted amount of applications. This however doesn’t mean that the belt type can’t be used for other applications: – Oven belts in bread & pastry in industry – A special version of the above mentioned is with duplex chains at the sides – Belts in tunnels serving high temperature treatment processes such as tempering, harden, sintering, hard soldering, etc.