Used Step Drill for sale (7,774)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, CMA automatic coordinate drilling machine type GRD 40 CNC 3030 table size: 3000x3000 mm X-axis speed: 18 m/min Y-axis speed: 12 m/min Z-axis speed: 5 m/min spindle-to-table distance: 160-660 mm table height: 770 mm Drilling capacity: Steel 60: 40 mm Cast iron: 40 mm spindle speed: 750-3000 rpm Spindle taper: BT40 Bledpow Tidksfx Agzed motor power: 7.5 kW total machine weight: 8,500 kg

Year of construction: 2018, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Number of spindles 1 Blodpfjd S Ualjx Agzod full drilling 5-40 mm Drilling depth 1.000 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, travel distance X-axis: 2,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,800 mm, Table 1,500 x 1,500 mm X 2,000 mm Y 1,600 mm Z 1,800 mm B-axis, A-axis swiveling +/- 19 degrees Machine features full enclosure Chip conveyor and high-pressure coolant system Tool holder SK 50 Control Heidenhain iTNC 640 Table load capacity 20 tons Spindle speeds up to 4,000 rpm Bedexyic Sepfx Agzeld Rapid traverse 20 m/min Tool changer with 40 stations

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, drilling depth: 700 mm, travel distance X-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,600 mm, spindle speed (min.): 6,000 rpm, drill diameter: 40 mm, table length: 1,500 mm, table width: 1,250 mm, table load: 10,000 kg, Year of manufacture: 2001 Control: Heidenhain TNC 430 X: 1600 mm Y: 1200 mm Z: 1600 mm W: 500 mm Table: 1500*1250 mm, 10T B-axis, A-axis swiveling +/- 19 degrees Blsdpfsxu Dkgox Agzed Machine features full enclosure Chip conveyor with coolant system Tool holder: SK50 Tool changer: 20 positions

Condition: good (used), Step chuck, precision chuck, bell chuck, step collet, ring chuck, collet sleeves, collet, tool holder, tool holder, collet sleeves -Manufacturer: Schaublin, Step chuck precision chuck mount MK6 -Size: 81 to 106 (see photos) Bjdpfx Ageyizh Tezsld -Overall dimensions: Ø 131 x 175 mm -Weight: 5.3 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 9,462 h, Horizontal drilling and flushing rig, Tracto Technik, Grundodrill 18 ACS * Grundodrill * Model 18 ACS * Year of manufacture: 2013 * 9,462 hours (as per meter reading) * Driven by 4-cylinder Cummins diesel engine with 123 kW / 167 HP * 2 speed ranges * Single cab with 1 seat * Transport dimensions (L x W x H): 6450 x 2350 x 2650 mm * Weight: 15,110 kg * Crawler chassis with 34-37 mm rubber tracks * Undercarriage length x width: 2650 x 460 mm * Rod magazine (holds 50 drill rods? Diameter: 60 mm) Blodpoyqq U Sofx Agzod * 1 x drill head, see pictures * Remote control, air conditioning, locating system This description does not represent a binding offer and may contain errors. No guarantee on all information provided. Please also visit our homepage.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 780 mm, 1 used, very well-maintained High-precision CNC jig boring machine SIP MP 600 Machine year: 1995 – Retrofit in 2007 with HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 and complete geometric overhaul. Table: 1100 x 700 mm – clear passage between columns: 750 mm Hydrostatic spindle diameter: 130 mm – 1/1,100 micron runout Retrofit to HEIDENHAIN CNC, 3-axis interpolation. Readout accuracy of the boring spindle under 1 micron – hydraulic weight and load compensation in the crossbeam. Fantastically preserved machine, which we are happy to demonstrate under power at our warehouse. Bledpfxju Titzs Agzjd Price (Domestic, plus 19% VAT) ex stock Delivery time: immediate – subject to prior sale and errors. Payment: as customary in trade, net in advance before collection. Technical data non-binding – subject to change and errors.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2010, This Hüttenhölscher Drilling line was manufactured in 2010. It features a PC-controlled function sequence under Windows 7, TwinCAT, and a used drilling system with a 6-station loading gantry. The rig includes a 2-axis gantry robot, Y/Z axes with servo motors, and a travel distance of Y-axis 8500 mm, Z-axis 1500 mm. It also has a suction crossbeam with a four-circuit vacuum supply. Contact us for more information about this machine. • Used drilling system consisting of a 6-station loading gantry • 2-axis gantry robot • Y/Z axes with servo motors • Travel distances: Y-axis 8500 mm, Z-axis 1500 mm • Suction crossbeam with four-circuit vacuum supply • Vacuum generation by means of ejector • Length: 300 - 2250 mm • Width: 350 - 710 mm • Thickness: 16 - 25 mm • Stack height: Max. 1000 mm (60 parts) including protective plate • Drilling gear: Two 16-spindle drilling gears • Callable spindles: 8000 rpm • Groove saw (support 1) for cutting special rear wall grooves • Sawing unit with tool holder, speed control via frequency converter • 2x milling spindles right/left at front edge (support 1) • Base frame as welded construction with machined screw-on surfaces Bjdpox Tkauofx Agzsld • Support can be moved in the X direction by means of a servomotor • Drilling gear a=32 mm, adjustable with frequency converter, drill chuck Ø 10h7 with grub screw • 4 stacking stations • 1 hand rest station / automatic - manual feeding • 1 removal station / automatic - manual removal • Floor roller conveyor / stack feed • 4 roller conveyor lines: 930 mm wide x 3600 mm long • AH 300 mm • Feeding / removal: manual cross transfer carriage • Transport section: 950 mm wide x 4100 mm long • Integrated side stop • Manual feeding • Toothed belt section: 900 mm wide x 2500 mm long • Pneumatic lift for toothed belt conveyors • Pneumatic double clamping cylinders, controlled by ball screw and servo motor • Drilling gear a=32 mm, adjustable with frequency converter • Pneumatically pilot-controlled working position • Transfer shuttle: Toothed belt section 900 mm wide x 2500 mm long • Return transport section: 950 mm wide x 4000 mm long • Pneumatic stopper • Horizontal stroke approx. 2500 mm by means of three-phase motor • Rotation by three-phase motor by +/- 90° • Discharge stations / automatic removal • Positioning of cabinet parts by encoder • Protective system for feeding • 45 m protective fence with 3 access doors • 2 sliding doors for feeding the floor roller conveyors

Condition: used, 4-axis CNC drilling and milling machine IXION Type 30 CNC W VMC, BAZ, machining center Year of construction approx. 1997, machine overhauled in 2020 Travel X: 600 mm Y: 350 mm Z: 600 mm Table size 800 x 400 mm T-slot spacing 75 mm Table load 300 kg Spindle holder SK 40 (tightening bolt DIN 69872 A) Blsdeu Tln Nspfx Agzsd Spindle speed 20-5000 rpm Torque at the spindle max. 150 Nm Distance between spindle nose and table max. 660 mm Feed speed X, Y and Z 0 - 5000 mm/min. infinitely variable Rapid traverse speed X, Y and Z 15000 mm/min. Tool change time approx. 5 sec. Tool change time from chip to chip approx. 7.5 sec. Milling capacity in St 60 150 ccm/min. Drilling capacity in St 60 35 mm Thread cutting capacity in St 60 M24 Spindle motor drive power 5 kW (10 kW at 25% duty cycle) Mains connection 400 Volt, 50 Hz - CNC control Heidenhain TNC 415 with 12" TFT display - Electronic handwheel - RS 232 interface - 12-position tool changer - hydro-mechanical tool clamping - Rotary axis as dividing head on the table = 4th axis, MECATECNICA type DCN 250-8, jaws lathe chuck Ø 200 mm Speed approx. 25 rpm, transmission ratio 1:180 - Cabin lighting via 2x halogen spotlights - Chip conveyor with coolant pump - Switch cabinet fixed to the machine Space required for transportation Length 320 cm x width 230 cm x height 300 cm Footprint of the machine with chip conveyor L x W x H 3200 x 3100 x 3000 mm Weight of the machine 3100 kg Weight of the chip conveyor approx. 200 kg good condition

Year of construction: 1992, condition: excellent (used), machine/vehicle number: 238828, Available: Immediately Bsdpfxjpr Uvre Agzeld

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, BA 600-2 CNC, Horizontal Milling and Drilling Center SW Schwäbische Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH Travel: X axis: 600 mm Y axis (changeover position): 600 (975) mm Z axis: 500 mm Control: Siemens 840D control, side-mounted Feed/Rapid traverse speeds: X, Y, Z: 1 – 45,000 mm/min Max. feed force X, Y, Z: 15,000 N Average acceleration: X, Y, Z: 2.5 m/s² Measuring system: Direct measuring system X, Y, Z Spindles: Spindle speed (infinitely variable): 20–10,000 rpm Torque: 2 x 363 Nm (S6/40% duty cycle) Power: 2 x 38 kW (S6/40% duty cycle) HSK-A 100, horizontal tandem arrangement Spindle distance: 600 mm Spindle bearing diameter: 100 mm Motor spindles, liquid-cooled, AC technology Bledpfx Asyl Sctegzjd Working area: Swing carrier with spur gearing, max. workpiece weight 2,000 kg Swivel time 0/180 degrees approx. 6.0 sec 2 NC rotary tables, hydraulically clamped, max. workpiece weight 700 kg, table speed 25 rpm Partition between machining and loading area Tool magazine: 2 x 50 tools HSK-A 100 chain-type magazine Tool change time (chip-to-chip): 4.48 sec Max. tool diameter: 100 mm 250 mm with adjacent slot free Max. tool length: 420 mm Max. tool weight: 20 kg Equipment: Central lubrication Oil minimum quantity lubrication (spindle lubrication) Chip conveyor (hinged belt conveyor) Coolant purification with compact band filter Hydraulic unit Maintenance unit Water recooler Full enclosure, crane loading possible Dimensions: approx. 5.15 x 8.50 x 4.20 m Weight: approx. 20,000 kg Year of manufacture: 2007 Other features: Very good condition Setup parallel to main time Available from December 2023/January 2024

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, functionality: limited functionality, saw blade diameter: 450 mm, feed length X-axis: 9,000 mm, Automated drilling and sawing machine for processing steel profiles and flats. The machine is equipped with an automated 3-axis drilling unit and a circular saw for automatic profile processing. This is an ideal machine for a starting steel constructor who wants flexibility and the ability to produce profiles easily. The machine can drill and saw profiles up to 450mm wide. Bodpfx Agsx E S A Uezold The machine is available at an attractive price, as the horizontal drilling motors require some attention (the bearings need to be replaced and one of the gearbox housings needs to be replaced). The asking price is for the machine 'as is', without transport/installation, etc. There is also the option to purchase repair, transport, and installation services, which can be discussed on site. Price upon request.

Condition: good (used), Rotary hammer, chisel hammer, combination hammer, Bosch hammer -Drilling/Chiseling -SDS Plus: Recording -Transport case -Weight: 5 kg Bodpfx Agsb A Rl Iozjld

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, power: 2.3 kW (3.13 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, tool diameter: 40 mm, spindle mount: MK 4, drilling depth: 150 mm, height adjustment type: mechanical, actuation type: hydraulic, rotational speed (max.): 2,800 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 80 rpm, total height: 2,020 mm, throat depth: 280 mm, table width: 400 mm, table length: 550 mm, overall weight: 350 kg, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, For sale is a used IXION / MAXION BS 35 RV column drilling machine with hydraulic feed, separate hydraulic unit, control cabinet, and coolant system. The machine is in ready-to-use condition. Both hydraulics and spindle are running flawlessly. Viewing and operation under power are possible and expressly encouraged. Collection in 57439 Attendorn. Forklift available – loading is free of charge. Technical Data (according to manufacturer specifications) Drilling capacity: • Continuous drilling capacity: 35 mm • Standard drilling capacity: 40 mm • Drilling depth: 150 mm Geometry: • Throat: 280 mm • Spindle mount: MT4 • Spindle-to-table distance: 85 – 755 mm • Table size: 550 × 400 mm • T-slots: 14 mm (DIN 650) • Column diameter: 120 mm • Overall height: 2020 mm • Weight: approx. 350 kg Drive / Electrical: • 12 speeds • Speed range: 80 – 1400 rpm or 160 – 2800 rpm • Operating voltage: 400 V • Frequency: 50 Hz Hydraulic feed: • Hydraulic unit (50 liters HLP 46) • Automatic functions as per manufacturer's specifications All technical details are provided without warranty and are based on manufacturer data and available information. Scope of delivery • Drilling machine IXION / MAXION BS 35 RV • Hydraulic unit + control cabinet • Coolant system • Available documentation Bsdpfx Ageymxppozold Legal notice Sale exclusively to businesses as defined in §14 BGB (B2B). The sale is made without any warranty for material defects. No guarantee, no returns. The machine is sold as inspected and/or demonstrated. Subject to prior sale. If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message.

Condition: used, Radial drilling machine CSEPEL type RFh 75 / 1500 Machine no. No. 13704 Year of construction 1985 Drilling capacity in steel Ø 75 mm Drilling capacity in cast iron Ø 90 mm Spindle holder MK 5 Nominal throat depth 1500 mm Largest projection of the spindle 1500 mm (to the column) Smallest projection of the spindle 440 mm (to the column) Distance spindle nose - clamping surface 370 - 1700 mm Cantilever height adjustment 950 mm Table size / clamping surface 1800 x 1100 mm Column diameter 450 mm Bedelhwr Rjpfx Agzjld Pinol stroke 380 mm Spindle speed 19-1900 rpm 21 steps Feed rate 0.047-2mm/rev. 12 steps Motor power 11 kW Mains connection 380 Volt, 50 Hz, 15 kW - Clockwise/anticlockwise rotation of the drilling spindle via hand lever switch - Hydr. gear shift for spindle speed and feed speed - Hydro-mechanical central clamping - Motorized boom height adjustment - Without coolant device - Machine light - Operating instructions Space requirement: Length 2720 mm x width 1170 mm x height max. 3770 mm Transport height with motor on the column: 3500 mm Transport height without motor on the column: 3250 mm Weight: 6.3 tons good condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 45 mm arm length 1050 mm Vertikal stroke 450 mm quill stroke 200 mm spindle taper MK 4 spindle turning speed range 15 - 2800 U/min transmission ratio 2 distance spindle /table 710 mm weight of the machine ca. 2600 kg Bjdpfx Asx Szp Rogzsld dimensions of the machine ca. 3000 x 3000 x 3220 mm This DONAU FLEX 145 radial drilling machine is in very good, as-new condition and has only 97 operating hours. The machine is available immediately.

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, throat depth: 180 mm, overall weight: 65 kg, spindle speed (min.): 480 rpm, Bench Drill Manufacturer: IXION Model: BT 13 Technical Data: Manufacturer: IXION Model: BT 13 Year of manufacture: Spindle speeds: 480 – 850 – 1400 – 2300 – 4000 rpm Bsdpfx Agjw Ug Dqozjld Drilling capacity: max. 13 mm in steel Table size (base): 230 x 170 mm Swivel table: 230 x 170 mm Drilling depth: 70 mm Tool holder: B 16 or MK 2 Throat depth: 180 mm T-slots: 10 mm Power: 1.5 kW Weight: 65 kg Dimensions: L 0.4 x W 0.5 x H 0.855 m All information subject to change and without guarantee. A powered demonstration is possible at any time in our showroom.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 75 mm spindle taper: MT 5 spindle stroke - max. 380 mm Bsdpfxjyh Rqfo Agzsld transmission ratio 2 11,2 - 2.000 quill stroke 16 mm feed for quill 1: 16 spindle throat 2000/ 38 mm spindle drive 15 kW weight 7,1 t Thread in steel, strength 600 N/mm² max. M75x4 Vertical swivel arm adjustment max. 950 mm Drill slide adjustment on the swivel arm 1614 mm Distance between spindle nose and clamping surface max. / min. 2000/670 Accessories: Heidenhain Radial digital display, clamping cube 1000 x 750 x 500 mm Coolant system, work light

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, Ficep 1201 DE 601 Excalibur drilling machine for processing flat steel and profiles, equipped with a drilling unit that moves longitudinally. This machine has been fully cleaned and inspected. The drilling machine features a numerically controlled drilling unit with longitudinal movement (X-axis), adjustment range 0 - 15,000 mm, and an automatic tool changer with HSK A80 interface for 6 tool positions. Thanks to the 19 kW drill spindle drive, the machine is suitable for use with carbide drilling tools. Bedpev Iamzofx Agzeld Technical details: • Support for profiled and flat steel with guide rail and fixed table, total length 15 m • Mobile drilling unit for longitudinal positioning along workpieces • Horizontal drilling head with single drill spindle • Additional tool storage in the X-axis direction • Clamping system for securing materials • Position detection device • Maximum profile size: 1200 x 1200 mm • Number of drill spindles: 1 • Drilling diameter: 5 - 40 mm • Tapping: M6 - M30 • Drill spindle speed: 180 - 3000 rpm • Holder: HSK A 80 • Tool changer: 1 x 6 For more information, please contact us.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Spindle speed continuously electronically 40-4000 1/min Spindle mount MK 2 Table height adjustment with rack Thread cutting capacity max M10 Setting the thread cutting depth via digital depth display Digital speed display Digital drilling depth display Drilling depth stop via stop ring Feed/by hand Table height adjustment with rack Continuous/normal drilling capacity steel Ø 13 mm / 15 mm Drilling depth 60 mm Throw 225 mm Column diameter 60 mm Usable table surface (W x L) 330x250 mm Machine dimensions (W x D x H) 420x450x860 mm Machine dimensions (with VP) (W x D x H) 452x700x1130 mm Weight 62 kg Max. distance Spindle/table/base 300/ 360 mm AC motor with frequency converter 230 V, 0.54 kW OPTION: Drilling package no. 2 - Vice felix, jaw width 80, clamping range max. 120 mm - Keyless drill chuck 1-13 mm mount B16 Blsdpfx Asby Swhsgzod - Taper mandrel MK II/B16 - Reducing sleeve MK II/MK I Price: € 320.00 Factory guarantee: 3 years Free delivery including packaging (Germany only) NOT THE RIGHT MACHINE? WE ARE A FLOTT SUPPORT POINT PARTNER AND CAN OFFER YOU ALL PRODUCTS FROM THE FLOTT RANGE! ASK FOR A QUOTE!

Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 100 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Drilling and coring equipment (originally for a Fraste Multidrill but adaptable to other machines). Avegar 140mm (HEX41), Bulldog chisel 152mm (HEX41, hammer head, cardan, split spoon casing, ... Some of this equipment is new. The rest has seen very little use. Some measurements are shown in the photos. Please do not hesitate to contact the seller for further measurements or to arrange a viewing. Price negotiable. Bjdpfsyidu Tox Agzjld

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, TECHNICAL DATA AXES Max. workpiece dimensions X-Y-Z mm 3050 x 800 x 50 Min. workpiece dimensions X-Y-Z mm 300 x 90 x 10 Drilling/slotting working area mm 0 x 800/0 x 800 X axis stroke mm 750 Max. travel speed of X-Y axes m/min 25 DRILLING UNIT Vertical spindles Number 7 (4X-4Y one common) Horizontal spindles (along the Y axis) Number 2 (1+1) Horizontal spindles (along the X axis) Number 1 Fixed grooving saw (direction) X Grooving saw diameter mm 100 Max. grooving saw thickness mm 5 Motor power kW (HP) 1.5 (2) Spindle speed rpm 3350 Grooving saw speed rpm 4300 INSTALLATION Power supply V (Hz) 380 / 400 (50 / 60) Installed power KVA 4.5 Compressed air requirement bar 6 Compressed air consumption Nl/cycle 90 Extraction requirement m3 / h 1200 Extraction air speed m / sec 20 Extraction nozzle diameter mm 80+80 F10L Drilling unit Includes: - 7 independent vertical spindles - Drill chuck D10 mm - Distance between spindles 32 mm - 2 horizontal drilling heads, 1 in X direction with one drill, 1 double drilling head in Y direction (1 + 1 drill chuck D10 mm) - Speed 3350 rpm - 1 integrated sawing unit in X (max. Diameter 100 mm) - Saw blade speed 4300 rpm - Motor power 1.5 kW - Vertical pneumatic travel per spindle 70 mm - Horizontal pneumatic travel of the drilling unit. Positioning of the workpiece and drive of the work unit: A CNC-controlled suction cup clamps the workpiece and positions it sequentially under the work unit during machining. Movement in the X and Y axes takes place on THK guides with transmission to reinforced toothed rails. Movement in the Z axis is pneumatically controlled on ball-bushing guides with adjustable stop positioning. The positioning of the work units is carried out using technology and drives with DC motors. CNC CONTROL The control system was specially developed for use in drilling and milling machines. CN - 7" color screen with touchscreen function - Alphanumeric keyboard - Self-diagnosis and any error messages or malfunctions that may occur, in the operator's language Programming - Programming via the CN - Automatic optimization of drilling operations - Option of plate zero point shift - Option of saving and importing drilling programs via USB dongle - Option of importing drilling programs from CAD-CAM external software Configuration - User interface in the same language as the instruction manual Graphic representation of the unit configuration Vacuum suction cups "B-Power Vacuum suction cups with double vacuum connection, recommended for particularly porous panels (e.g. MDF light). Machine user interface software Xilog Maestro USB Hardware and software requirements: - Operating system: Windows XP Professional (SP2), Windows Vista or Windows 7 - Processor: Intel compatible, 2GHz min; Multicore processor recommended - Memory capacity: 1GB min., recommended 2GB - Free disk space: 5GB - Graphic card: Compatible OpenGL (The code includes a DVD for installation and a USB key) Xilog Maestro Features Programming - Parametric, graphic programming - Assisted programming with graphic and syntax help for drilling operations - Possibility to create and save machining macros Integrated additional functions - Self-diagnosis and possible error messages or malfunctions, in the operator's language - User interface in Bedpfxevvi I Rj Agzold

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, Number of drill spindles: 23 Pitch: 32 mm Drill bit holder: Screw-in thread Operation: Foot pedal Drilling direction: From above and from the front Swivel: Pneumatic Maximum throughput width: 720 mm Number of material clamps: 2 Type of material clamping: Pneumatic Design: Mobile Stop system: For hole line and construction line Dimensions: 1300 x 1200 x 1700 mm Approx. weight: 365 kg Motor power: 2.2 kW Storage location: Nattheim Bodpfewkir Dsx Agzold

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, Drilling capacity: 25 mm, spindle mount: MK 3 Blsdsvvi Auopfx Agzsd Storage location: Nattheim

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 62 mm arm length 350-1600 mm workpiece height max. 1250 mm distance spindle nose and table 350-1250 mm Boring depth max. 315 mm machine table 2400 x 1000 x 200 mm Turning speeds of the bor. spindle 38 - 2000 U / min spindle taper MT5 feed 0,06 - 1,00 mm/U engine output 4 kW stroke drive 1,5 kW oil pump 0,75 kW total power requirement 6 kW weight of the machine ca. 3,8 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2490 x 1050 x 2780 mm Steps of spindle speed: step-less Steps of spindle feed: 8 Speed of the arm up and down: 1.2 m/min Arm moving angle: ±180 degree Bodpfx Agoyhq T Nszsld Spindle moving distance of each dial revolution: 122 mm Max. spindle torque: 400 Nm Max. spindle feed resistance: 16000 N