Used Mazak Integrex 35 for sale (359)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, Mazatrol T-Plus control Max. turning diameter: 470 mm Cedpfx Agoyg Ru Dszopw Max. swing diameter: 575 mm Turning length: 1,500 mm Spindle speed: 3,000 rpm Magazine for 40 tools (KM 63/SK 40) B-axis Y-axis Steady rest Tailstock Chip conveyor

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, Turning length 1575 mm X 450 mm Y +/- 90 mm Z 1575 mm Max. swing 510 mm Max. turning diameter 400 mm Spindle bore 76 mm Spindle speeds 3000 rpm on main spindle Spindle speeds 6000 rpm on mill spindle Tool changer w/ 40 stations Hydraulic tailstock Control: Mazatrol Pc Fusion 640 MT Equipped with: Hydraulic 3-jaw chuck Chip conveyor App. 20 holders for turning Cedpfxsuimaxo Agzspw

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1996, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 125853, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, overall weight: 7,300 kg, controller model: MAZATROL T PLUS, Equipment: documentation/manual, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading can take place on 08/09/2025 or 09/09/2025. TECHNICAL DETAILS Work Area Maximum swing: 575 mm diameter Swing over cross slide: 470 mm diameter Standard chuck size: 305 mm Distance between centers: 1,527 mm Height of spindle center: 310 mm Max. load capacity with chuck work: 250 kgf Cpodpfx Agjw Hrvwjzjw Max. load capacity between centers: 1,000 kgf Max. speed of KITAGAWA power chuck: 3,000 rpm Control: MAZATROL T PLUS MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W): 6,000 x 2,450 mm Machine weight: 7,300 kg Main motor: AC 22/30 kW (continuous/30-minute operation) Total electrical capacity: 63.6 kVA (30-minute operation) / 51.9 kVA (continuous operation) EQUIPMENT Delivered with technical documentation

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, Mazak Integrex 35 turning/milling center, year of manufacture 1998, Mazak T Plus control, turning length 1500 mm, max. turning diameter 575 mm, Y axis, B axis infinitely swiveling, 40-position chain magazine, turning tool holder KM 63, milling tool holder SK 40, tailstock, steady rest, chip conveyor, Kitagawa three-jaw chuck B 12. Cpsdpfoxm Trdex Agzsw

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Maximum cutting diameter 820mm, maximum cutting length 3048mm, C axis 0.0001 degrees, B axis -30/+210 degrees, 40 ATC, spindle speed 1,600 rpm, Milling speed 10,000rpm., main spindle 37Kw, Codpstmtktofx Agzjpw spindle taper din50, Y axis -/+ 250mm, Mazatrol Matrix control, fixed steady, swarf conveyor

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Mazak Lathe 5 Axes X, Z, C, Y, B Turning and Milling Model Integrex 400 II Y Year 2003 CNC Mazak 640 MT Sold complete With tooling Codpfxoypb Iao Agzepw With documentation With chip conveyor

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, turning length: 1,585 mm, spindle motor power: 22,000 W, spindle speed (min.): 5,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,585 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 230 mm, total height: 3,100 mm, total length: 6,100 mm, total width: 3,230 mm, overall weight: 16,600 kg, Multi-tasking lathe MAZAK - Integrex i-200ST x 1500U MACH-ID 9450 Make: MAZAK Type: Integrex i-200ST x 1500U Control: Smooth Mazatrol Year: 2016 5 Axis Simuteneous EIA/ISO Milling spindel with Threading Function Extra M-Code (1 pair for 2-M-Code) Preparation RMP-60 Sub spindel with C Axis any C1 + C2 Synchronisation IKZ with 70 Bar main spindel IKZ with 15 Bar on lower Revolver Knoll Filtration KF-400/2300 SMW KNCS-N-325-104 3 chuck Cpsdpeyrcxljfx Agzew Max. turning Ø: 658mm X-Axis: 260mm Y-Axis: 1585mm Z-Axis: 230mm B Axis: 360° Spindle bore: 76mm Speedrange: 5000Rpm Spindle power: 22kW Subspindle speeds: 5000Rpm Subspindle bore: 65mm Subspindle power: 22kW ATC / revolver: 36 Speed live tools: 12000Rpm B-Axis Toolsystem: HSK-63 Positions lower revolver:9 Speed live tools: 6000Rpm Power live tools: 5,5kW Length: 6100mm Width: 3230mm Height: 3100mm Weight: 16600kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, max. working diameter 610 mm max. working lenght 1.522 mm travel -x axis 740 mm travel -y axis 410 mm travel -z axis 1.838 mm Cpedex Avr Sspfx Agzow control MAZATROL Fusion 640M Pro b-axis 240 ° c-axis 360 ° number of spindle speeds 4.000 U/min spindle bore 88 mm milling spindle turning speed range 12.000 U/min numbers of positions in the tool changer 80 CNC Turning- and Milling Center | MAZAK - INTEGREX E-410H The machine is in a well-maintained condition. The machine video from the production plant will be shared on request. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #Tags: INTEGREXE41H | INTEGREX 410H | INTEGREX-E410 H

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, spindle speed (max.): 3,300 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 615 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 2,563 mm, controller manufacturer: MAZATROL, controller model: SMOOTH X, tool weight: 12,000 g, number of axes: 5, This 5-axis Mazak Integrex i-400S-2500U was manufactured in 2018, featuring Mazatrol SMOOTH X Control and a Hydrafeed MSV110 Barfeed. It offers a maximum machining diameter of ø658 mm and a length of 2,497 mm. Equipped with a milling spindle speed of 12,000 rpm and a tool storage capacity of 72 tools, this turn-mill centre is ideal for complex machining tasks. If you are looking to get high-quality turning and milling capabilities, consider the Mazak Integrex i-400S-2500U machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Main spindle chuck size: 12 inches • Bearing id: ø150 mm (ø5. 91 inches) • Second spindle hydraulic chuck: 10 inches Cedpfx Asx Stk Tjgzjpw • Second spindle speed: 1 - 4000 rpm • Second spindle bore: ø91 mm (ø3. 58 inches) • Bearing id: ø130 mm (ø5. 12 inches) • B-axis indexing range: -30° to 210° • W-axis travel: 2175 mm (85. 63 inches) • When adjacent pockets empty: 125 mm (4. 92 inches) / 400 mm (15. 75 inches) Extra Information Max. Machining Diameter (Upper Turret): ø658 mm (ø25.9 inches) Max. Machining Length: 2497 mm (98.31 inches) Max. Bar Work Capacity: ø102 mm (ø4.02 inches) Boring Bar Shaft Diameter: ø40 mm (ø1.5 inches) B-axis Minimum Indexing Increment: 0.0001° Min. Main Spindle Indexing Increment: 0.0001°

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 1,160 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,100 mm, controller manufacturer: MAZATROL, controller model: 640MT, This 5-axis Mazak Integrex 400Y was manufactured in 2000. Ideal for complex machining, this turn-mill centre machine integrates multiple operations. Consider the opportunity to buy this Mazak Integrex 400Y Turn-Mill Centre machine. Contact us for more information. Additional equipment • Tool measurement: Tool-Eye • Flushing gun • Internal coolant supply (40 bar) • 900-liter tank Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Tool system: capto-c6 Cpedox U Tpzopfx Agzow • Tool changer: 40

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, controller manufacturer: MAZATROL, controller model: Matrix, This 5-axis Mazak Integrex 100 IV ST was manufactured in 2011. It features a main spindle with a 6" hydraulic chuck, 4,000 rpm max speed, and 30 kW power. The second spindle matches these capabilities. Its milling spindle can reach up to 20,000 rpm. Includes a high-speed ATC with a 20-tool capacity, expandable to 120. Ideal for single-setup machining with its heavy-duty construction and MAZATROL MATRIX CNC control. Contact us for more information about this machine. Machine Benefits Qualitative Machine Benefits • There are 2 units available Cjdpfxsyalpie Agzspw Technical Machine Benefits • Chuck type: 6" hydraulic chuck with bar capacity max /spindle speed: 4000 rpm max /power: 30 kw / 22 kw continuous/ max torque: 500 nm /spindle nose: a2-8/ acceleration time: 5. 1 seconds • Type: 6" hydraulic chuck max speed: 4000 rpm max power: 26 kw / 22 kw continuous /max torque: 724 nm /spindle nose: a2-8 /acceleration time: 2. 7 seconds • Max speed: up to 20000 rpm (optional) /max power: 18. 5 kw/ max torque: 119 nm/ taper type: km63, capto c6, bt40 • X-axis: 410 mm/ y-axis: ±70 mm (total 140 mm) /z-axis: 805 mm/ b-axis (milling head): 210° rotation/ c-axis (spindle): 0. 0001° resolution (full contouring) • Max turning diameter: approx. ø545 mm/ max turning length: approx. 600 mm • Tool capacity: 20 tools standard, expandable to 120 /changer type: high-speed cam-driven system • Heavy-duty construction with linear guides “done in one” multi-tasking concept for single-setup machining/ cnc control: mazatrol matrix with 3d simulation/ intelligent thermal shield for automatic thermal compensation

Year of construction: 2023, condition: ready for operation (used), number of axes: 5, This 5-axis Mazak INTEGREX j-200S was manufactured in 2023. Ideal for complex machining tasks, it offers precision and versatility in a compact design. Consider the opportunity to buy this Mazak INTEGREX j-200S. Contact us for more information. Additional equipment • 36 tool change • Includes tailstock function Cedpfx Ageyaqvuozjpw Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • The machine has a 36 mm tool • A 12 to 15 bar flushing system • Tailstock function • Cooling water cooling • Bar puller function • Milling spindle 12000 rpm • Main and counter spindle • 1 degree swivel b-axis Extra Information OPM probe tool measurement Optional: Capto C6 tool holders

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2007, CNC MATRIX Machinable diameter 660 mm Machinable length 1045 mm Main spindle speed 5000 rpm Secondary spindle speed 5000 rpm Milling spindle speed 12000 rpm Tool magazine 40 tools CAPTO C 6 Cooling 70 bars C axis on secondary spindle ROBOT GL 100 F Chip conveyor CONCEPTS Cjdpjr Iyb Tofx Agzopw

Year of construction: 2013, condition: refurbished (used), CN MATRIX Machinable diameter 500 mm, machinable length 1016 mm, bar passage 65 mm, spindle speed 5000 rpm, rotating tools 12000 rpm, tool magazine 20 tools HSK 63, spindle indexing all degrees,MAZACC 3 D Conveyor Cpjdpeihp Iaefx Agzew

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, CNC MATRIX 2 , Maximum diameter 658 mm, travel X 615 mm, travel Z 1585 mm, travel Y 250 mm, bar passage 102 mm bore 112, spindle speed 35 to 2200 rpm, milling spindle 35 to 12000 rpm, 5 simultaneous axes, mm, 36 tool magazine Capto C6, RENISHAW preparation, steady rest support, chip conveyor. Cjdsuqkttepfx Agzjpw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, controller manufacturer: Mazak, controller model: Mazatrol SmoothAi, _____ Description: Year of manuf. : 2023 Control : Mazak Mazatrol SmoothAi Turning diam. : 600 mm Turning length : 850 mm In General: Year of manufacture:2023 Control system:Mazak Mazatrol SmoothAi Max. machining diameter:600 mm Max. machining length:850 mm Main spindle: Technology:Motor spindle Speed:6,000 rpm Power:11 kW Max. torque:184 Nm Bar capacity:51 mm C-axis:0.0001° Chuck:3-jaw chuck Clamping cylinder:Hollow clamping cylinder Sub spindle: Technology:Motor spindle Speed:6,000 rpm Power:11 kW Max. torque:184 Nm Bar capacity:51 mm C-axis:0.0001° Tailstock function:Yes Tool carrier (X/Y/ZB): Technology:Travelling column with milling spindle X-axis:535 mm Y-axis:210 mm Z-axis:900 mm B-axis:-30° / +210° Milling spindle speed:20,000 rpm Cjdpfx Aeyrvzmjgzopw Power:24 kW Tool magazin: Technology:Shelf magazine Number of stations:250 Tool changer:Double gripper Equipment: Chip disposal:Chip conveyor Coolant supply:Internal coolant system, 15 bar Workpiece measurement:Renishaw RMP 60 Tool measurement:Renishaw tool setter Bar loader:IRCO ILS-MUK 7012 Finished part removal:Parts catcher Software option I:5-axis simultaneous machining Software option II:Synchronous thread cutting Software option III:Cylinder interpolation Software option IV:Tool radius compensation Software option V:Tool length compensation Emulsion mist separator:Mechanical Setup mode:Electronical handwheel

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, x-travel 6200 mm y-travel 1500 mm z-travel 508 mm Control Mazatrol type M 32 workpiece height 708 mm Tool changer 60 spindle taper ISO 50 table surface area 6200x750 mm The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale Cpsdpfoyqvdrjx Agzew apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, Make: MAZAK Type of machine: INTEGREX 300-3ST Csdpfx Aoyh I Rvogzopw Year of manufacture: 2004 Control system: Mazatrol 640 CNC-Steuerung Machine's weight: 14.200 kg Tool holder: Capto C6 x-travel: 530 mm y-travel: 200 mm z-travel: 1.065 mm Speed range: 4.000 U/min Cutting diameter: 300 mm Turning length: 1.000 mm Overall dimensions: 6.500 × 3.000 × 3.200 mm Tool turret - slots: 80 Pl.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, Make: MAZAK Type of machine: INTEGREX 300-4ST Year of manufacture: 2008 Control system: Mazatrol Matrix Machine's weight: 13.900 kg Tool holder: Capto C6 x-travel: 530 mm y-travel: 200 mm z-travel: 1.065 mm Speed range: 4.000 U/min Csdoyh I Tdepfx Agzspw Cutting diameter: 300 mm Turning length: 1.000 mm Overall dimensions: 6.500 × 3.000 × 3.200 mm Tool turret - slots: 80 Pl.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, turning diameter: 660 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 35 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 580 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 160 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,045 mm, total height: 2,600 mm, total length: 3,820 mm, total width: 2,060 mm, overall weight: 10,400 kg, CNC Turning Milling centre with Second Spindle CNC Control Mazatrol PC Fusion CNC 640 MT PRO Turning diameter 550/660 mm Turning length 1016 mm Spindle bore diameter 65 mm Spindle speed 35-5000 R/min X-axis movement 580 mm Y-axis movement 160 mm Z-axis movement 1045 mm B-axis travel 225 ° mm C-axis indexing 360° Cjdpfxoydc Eve Agzopw Spindle nose A2-6 Tool Taper Capto C6 Number of tools in magazine 40 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Mazak Integrex E-410H Multi-Tasking Lathe with Mazatrol 640M Pro Control, Serial No. 164385 (2003). Country of Origin: Japan Please note: Toolholders/Tooling photographed in the toolchanger will not be supplied with this machine. Any available tooling will be a specifically described. Cedpex T Df Defx Agzjpw Please Note: This lot is located in Birmingham, UK. A charge of £4,500 for dismantling and loading onto suitable transport will be automatically added to your invoice should you be successful in purchasing this item. Blocking and securing will be at the cost of the purchaser. All/Any tooling is being offered as specifically described.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, mazak j-200s technical dataFor this search query, no AI-generated overview is availableCurrently, an AI-generated overview cannot be provided. Please try again later.AI overview +6 The Mazak INTEGREX j-200S is a compact 5-axis multitasking machine with sub-spindle (S) for complex turning and milling operations. Key features include an 8-inch main chuck, a maximum machining diameter of {\(\emptyset 500\text{\ mm}\)}, and a machining length of up to {\(910\text{\ mm}\)}. The B-axis offers a swivel range from {\(-30^{\circ }\)} to {\(+190^{\circ }\)}. Main technical data (Integrex j-200S): Machining capacity:Max. swing diameter: {\(530\text{\ mm}\)}Max. machining diameter: {\(\emptyset 500\text{\ mm}\)}Max. machining length: {\(910\text{\ mm}\)}Main spindle & sub-spindle:Chuck size (main & sub-spindle): 8 inchesMain spindle speed: {\(5,000\text{\ min}^{-1}\)}Main spindle power (40% duty cycle): {\(18.5\text{\ kW}\)}Milling spindle (B-axis):Speed: {\(12,000\text{\ min}^{-1}\)} (typical for the j-series, may vary with optional configurations)Swivel range: {\(-30^{\circ }\)} to {\(+190^{\circ }\)} (or a total range of 220°)Tool interface: KM63 or CAPTO C6Axes & capacity:Y-axis travel: {\(200\text{\ mm}\)} ({\(\pm 100\text{\ mm}\)})X/Z axes: {\(450\text{\ mm}\)} / {\(1119\text{\ mm}\)}Tool magazine: 20–36 tools (depending on configuration)Control: MAZATROL SmoothG or Matrix Nexus 2 The machine features a full C-axis for both spindles and an automatic tool changer, making it suitable for highly productive applications in a compact design. Cpjdpfxjyfgdle Agzjw

Year of construction: 2000, condition: ready for operation (used), General Data Measurements width 2105 mm Measurements depth 3485 mm Machine weight 7500 kg Control Unit Brand MAZATROL Main Drive Spindle speed range 3500–5000 Spindle bore 61 mm Number of axis 4 Movement X-Axis Movement 530 mm X-Axis Feed Force 0–6000 mm/min X-Axis Rapid Traverse 30 m/min Y-Axis Movement ±70 mm Y-Axis Feed Force 0–6000 mm/min Y-Axis Rapid Traverse 15 m/min Z-Axis Movement 1065 mm Z-Axis Feed Force 0–6000 mm/min Z-Axis Rapid Traverse 33 m/min Codpfx Agex D N Ipszopw Tail Stock Pinol diameter 80 mm Pinol way 870 mm Pinol tool taper MK4 Tools Number of station 20 Max weight 7 kg Max tool diameter 90 mm Max tool length 250 mm This 4-axis Mazak INTEGREX 200 Y was manufactured in 2000. It features a maximum turning diameter of 540 mm, a swing diameter of 540 mm, and a bar diameter capacity of 51 mm. The machine supports a workpiece weight up to 150 kg and offers a spindle speed range up to 5,000 rpm. It includes a Mazak KM 63 quick change tool system with 20 slots. If you are looking to get high-quality turning capabilities, consider the Mazak INTEGREX 200 Y machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Application Types Turning

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 60,683 h, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 1,524 mm, turning diameter: 820 mm, spindle speed (min.): 3,300 rpm, spindle bore: 104 mm, travel distance X-axis: 870 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,598 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 40 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 40 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 40 m/min, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, MAZAK CNC Turning Machine MODEL: INTEGREX e-500 HS /U1500 with Mazatrol 640M PRO Control for sale. The machine is in good condition and can be inspected under power on site. The machine maintenance can be documented. In 2025, the X and Y axes were replaced. The milling spindle and gearbox were replaced in 2024. Technical Data - Max. swing diameter: 820 mm - Max. turning diameter: 820 mm - Max. turning length: 1524 mm Main spindle: - Speed range: 0-3300 rpm - Drive power: 30 kW / 22 kW - Max. torque: 588 Nm - Spindle nose: A2-11" - Spindle bore: 104 mm - Indexing: 0.0001 Sub spindle: - Speed: 0-3300 rpm - Drive power: 30 kW / 22 kW - Max. torque: 588 Nm - Spindle nose: A2-11" - Indexing: 0.0001 Milling spindle: - Drive power: 37 kW - Max. torque: 260 Nm - Speed range: 0-10,000 rpm - Tool holder: SK50 Tool magazine: - Number of tool pockets: 120 Travel: - X: 870 mm - Z: 1598 mm - Z2: 2458 mm - Y: 500 mm - B axis: -30 to 210°, 0.0001° Feed rate: - X/Y/Z: 40 mm/min Machine data: - Connected load: 104 kVA - Operating voltage: 400V / 50 Hz Cjdpfx Asx Syldegzjpw - Required footprint (L x W): 7 x 3.5 m Special accessories: - 120-position tool magazine - High-pressure coolant 70 bar - Renishaw - Laser measurement system for rotating tools - Interface set - Air/water through-spindle cooling - Overload monitoring system - Mayfran Consep 2000 chip conveyor - SMW quick-change chuck

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 195125, turning diameter: 545 mm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 410 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 140 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 570 mm, overall weight: 5,040 kg, The MAZAK Integrex 100-IV is a compact and highly precise CNC turning and milling center, designed for complete machining of complex workpieces in a single setup. Thanks to the combination of turning and milling capabilities, along with integrated B and Y axes, this machine is especially suited for demanding precision parts in medical technology, mechanical engineering, and fine mechanics. Cedpfx Agsyir I Rezepw Built in 2007, the machine is equipped with the powerful MAZATROL Matrix control. This controller supports both conversational and ISO programming, offering modern features for efficient and productive manufacturing. Technical data at a glance: The travel distances are 410 mm on the X-axis, 140 mm on the Y-axis (±70 mm), and 570 mm on the Z-axis. The B axis features a swivel range of 225°, enabling complex 5-sided machining. The C axis of the main spindle operates with high positioning accuracy of 0.001°. The maximum turning and swing diameter is 545 mm each. The main spindle achieves speeds up to 6,000 rpm with an output of approx. 11 kW, enabling dynamic and precise turning operations. The integrated milling spindle works at speeds up to 12,000 rpm with an output of approx. 5.5 kW and is ideal for milling, drilling, and threading tasks. The machine features a tool changer (included) with a maximum tool length of 210 mm, as well as a Capto C6 tool holder, ensuring high rigidity and fast tool changes. Equipment: The package includes: • Chip conveyor • “Tool Eye” tool measurement system With a machine weight of approx. 5,040 kg, the Integrex 100-IV impresses with its compact design, high precision, and flexibility – ideal for cost-effective complete machining in modern production environments. With us, you are in the best hands – professional, reliable, and passionate about machines! PS CNC Service Germany GmbH & Co. KG All information subject to change.