Used Index Ms 25 for sale (161)

Condition: used, TECHNICAL DETAILS Gedpfx Aeuhangsbysip - number of spindles : 6 independent - bar clearance : 32 [mm] - maxi spindle speed : 6 300 [rpm] - machine equipped with 32 numerical axes - slide unity 1.1 : X and Z axes controlled by CNC - slide unity 1.2 : fixed X axis, Z axis controlled by CNC - slide unity 2.1 : fixed X axis, Z axis controlled by CNC - slide unity 2.2 : X and Z axes controlled by CNC - slide unity 3.1 : X and Z axes controlled by CNC - slide unity 3.2 : fixed X axis, Z axis controlled by CNC - slide unity 4.1 : X and Z axes controlled by CNC - slide unity 4.2 : fixed X axis, Z axis controlled by CNC - slide unity 5.1 : fixed X axis,Z axis controlled by CNC - slide unity 5.2 : X and Z axes controlled by CNC - slide unity 6.1 : X and Z axes controlled by CNC - slide unity 6.2 : X and Z axes controlled by CNC - counter-spindle in position 6.1 EQUIPMENT - INDEX C200-4 (Siemens SINUMERIK 840D) - Simple NCU - IEMCA SIR 32/33/P bar loader - Coolant tank with HP pump - KNOLL chips conveyor - RIEDEL cooling unit - Parts catcher with conveyor in position 6.1 - Cross rilling device in position 3.1 et 4.1

Condition: new, Index MS32 DRIVE Z-NC SPK1 Item ID: GM2602.1551 Ball Screw Gsdpfx Abowb Evmjyjip Item ID: 10912112 Previous Item ID: GM2602.1551 From stock/wear - Offer as shown in pictures -

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, Number of working spindles: 6 pieces Bar spindle diameter capacity: 32 mm Working spindle maximum speed: 6000 rpm Spindle chuck diameter: 40 mm Giedpfx Aorqzzpsbysp Maximum number of tool carriers: 12 pieces Tool carrier travel distances: X = 72 mm, Z = 100 mm Part catcher receiver available in 6.1 position KNOLL chip conveyor In-machine air intake filtration system available (ventilation) Weight: 7,200 kg Magazine: IEMCA 3300 mm capacity bar feeder

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 13,000 h, functionality: fully functional, bar diameter (max.): 22 mm, INDEX MS22-8 Mfd. 2019 2 NCU 2 Syncrons Gedox H H Nropfx Abyoip 2 Y-Axis Control: Siemens Solution Line Knoll System Bar Feed: IEMCA SIR rack loader (12-ft) 22,000 on-hours 10,000-15,000 Hours

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, INDEX MS52C CNC Multi-Spindle Mfd. 2006 Control: Siemens 840D 6 Spindles 52mm Capacity Equipped as pictured Under power Knoll System Gisdpjt Rkzwefx Abyep Chip Conveyor Riedel Chiller 3.6 meter (12ft) IEMCA SIR Bar Feed SIR MS52/F Type 38 XL Mfd. 2005

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 8208124, quill stroke: 100 mm, controller model: INDEX S3T B, spindle diameter: 103 mm, tailstock quill diameter: 100 mm, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Submitting a bid obligates timely collection between 08.04.26 and 16.04.26! TECHNICAL DETAILS Working spindle diameter: 103 mm Tailstock quill diameter: 100 mm Quill stroke: 100 mm Number of turret stations: 16 Turret head: EFG 250 MACHINE DETAILS Control: INDEX S3T B Operating voltage: 380 V Frequency: 50 Hz Control voltage: 220 V Rated current: 100 A Dimensions & weight L x W x H: 3500 x 2400 x 2600 mm Machine weight: 3 t Godpfx Aoyk E Sxobysip

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, swing diameter max. 450 mm chucking diameter 400 mm control Siemens 840D (Index) Max. rpm 4.200 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel ( 35,5 / 56 ) kW max. Torque ( 340 / 550 ) Nm C-Axis 0,001 ° number of toolpositions 2x 12 pos driven statition 2x 12 pos worktool system VDI 30 max. spindle speed driven tools 6.000 U/min. power capacity - driven tools 9,5 kW max. Torque 40%: 19 Nm Y - Axis +/- 90 mm B-Axis +270° / -90 ° x-axis 730 mm z-axis 340 mm y-axis +/- 90 mm b-axis +270° / -90 ° rapid traverse X: 40 / Z: 30 m/min numbers of pallets 24 pos. size of pallet 410 x 300 mm max. workpiecediameter 300 mm max. workpiece weight incl. Pallet: 25 kg Chain width 75 mm Gijdpeyq Sk Iefx Abysp band speed 7,5 m/min total power requirement 56 kW weight of the machine ca. 9,0 t dimensions of the machine ca. 8,5 x 6,0 x 2,7 m CNC - Vertical Lathe INDEX - V 300 Y/B - incl. 24 pos. palett changing system Schnaithmann - incl. ball screw as spare part - incl. 39x driven tools - incl. 39x tool holders

Condition: used, spindle passage 60 mm Giodpfx Aboyt R E Aeyop cross-slide 4 turret head 6 Pos. The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 640 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 210 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 2,000 mm, spindle motor power: 67,000 W, total height: 2,591 mm, total width: 2,199 mm, overall weight: 21,000 kg, product length (max.): 6,300 mm, tool weight: 5,000 g, swivel angle B-axis (max.): 360 °, swivel angle C-axis (max.): 360 °, number of axes: 4, This 4-axis Index G 400 horizontal turning machine was manufactured in 2008. It features a maximum turning diameter of 630 mm, a length capacity of 2000 mm, and supports a workpiece weight up to 300 kg. Equipped with a high-speed milling spindle at 6000 rpm and a main spindle speed of 3000 rpm, it offers robust machining capabilities. Consider the opportunity to buy this Index G 400 horizontal turning machine. Contact us for more information. Giedpfox D D Ecjx Abyop Main spindle 0102 direct driveMaximum material throughput: 102 mmMaximum speed: 3000 rpmFront bearing diameter: 170 mmVariable hollow shaft motorPower at main spindle D102:Power at 100/40% duty cycle: 53 kW/68 kWTorque: 675 Nm/900 NmWork spindle alignment and switching device D1022.5° increments via indexing discHydraulicly actuated hollow clamping cylinder D102 with analog clamping stroke monitoringMaterial clearance: 102 mmStroke: 48 mmMaximum clamping force (tension/compression): 10,900 dNMulti-clamping pressure deviceClamping pressure adjustable from 8 to 80 bar via a multi-stage parts catalog for the main spindle clamping cylinder. Chuck release movement required for transitioning to a lower clamping l carrier 1 (standard equipment)Cross slide X, Z, turning length 2000 h internal coolant supply and shut-off valve, ball screws D=40 mmin the X-axis, D=50 mm in the Z-axis. Axis drives protected by overload clutches, counterweight in the s X ZWorking travel mm: 320 2000Rapid traverse speed m/min: 20 40Feed force N: 14000 14000X-axis measuring system: Glass scale (absolute)Z-axis: ROQ encoder (absolute)X-Y-Z-B housing (WT1)Turret with AC motor, positioned by spur gears, hydraulically lockedY-axis quill, hydrostatically mounted, lockable via spur gearsBall screw, D=40 mmOverload clutchTravel: 220 mmRapid traverse speed: 12 m/minFeed force: 24,000 NROQ encoder (abs)B-axis drive with AC motorSwivel angle: 360°Tool drive unitwith two clutches:Maximum speed: 6,000 rpmPower (25%) at n= 6,000: 17 kWMaximum torque (25%): 37 NmDisc turret with 12 stations on cross slide 1Tool holder system DIN 69880-40x63Increased repeatability during tool changes due to additional W-slotsMultifunction unit on cross slide 1Maximum speed: 6,000/1,500 rpmGearbox: i=4Torque: 36/144 NmTools: SK50Front bearing diameter: 75 mmInternal coolant feedthrough, disc spring clampingTool carrier 2, right - X, ZTurning length 2000 mm, preferably oncounter spindle machine with internal coolant supply and shut-off valve, turret control via AG motor, ball screws D= 50 mm for Z-axis, D= 40 mm for X-axis. Axis drives protected by overload clutches, counterweight system in ret head oriented to the right towards the counter s X ZTravel mm 210 2000Rapid traverse speed m/min 20 40Feed force N 8600 14000X-axis measuring system: glass scale (abs)Z-axis: ROD encoder (abs)Disc turret with 10 on cross slide 2Tool holder system DIN 69880-40x63Increased repeatability during tool changes thanks to additional W-slotsPositioned by face gearing, hydraulically lockedCounter spindle D102, size 11-DIN 55026/55021 and ISO 702/1Turning length 2000 mmZ-axis slide driven by AC motor and 50 mm diameter ball screwAxis drive protected by overload clutchIn the working position, the slide is held against the stop by the AC motor.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 92,000 h, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: 840D, number of axes: 5, This 5-axis Index G 200 RATIO LINE was manufactured in 2003. It features a Y-axis travel of 120 mm, a main spindle diameter of D65, and a counter spindle diameter of D60. The machine is equipped with a turret that has 12 stations and driven tools on turret 1 and 2. If you are looking to get high-quality turning and milling capabilities, consider the Index G 200 RATIO LINE turn-mill centre we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • C-axis on main and counter spindle • Thread cutting without compensating chuck • Electronic shaft • Additional V24 RS232 interface in control cabinet Godpsylw Dcsfx Abyeip • Transmit-/Tracyl function • MDE interface (machine on, machine running, parts counter) • Marposs (Brankamp) collision monitoring CMS100 • 3D machine model for kinematic simulation in CAM programming system • Control cabinet cooling unit • Main spindle D65 • Counter spindle D60 • Coolant flushing of counter spindle (electrically controlled shut-off valve) • Foot switch • Turret (12 stations) bottom and top • Driven tools on turret 1 and 2 • Control function “synchronous tailstock” for turret 2 • Y-axis 120 mm • Automatic sliding door (hydraulic) • Coolant pump 80 l / 8 bar • High-pressure coolant connection slide 1 and 2 with solenoid valve • Coolant flushing gun • Preparation for extraction and filter system connection • Operating hours approx. 92,000 h Additional equipment • Portal unloading device with actuated gripper, NC-controlled • Gripper fingers D4–45 mm and D40–65 mm • Indexed conveyor belt • UNIMAG interface • Chip conveyor (hinged belt), discharge height 1250 mm • Vacuum rotary filter KNOLL (emulsion use) • High-pressure pump 80 bar • Workholding: • Collet chucks for draw tube, HAINBUCH (main and counter spindle) • Power chucks D210 with quick jaw change, Schunk (main and counter spindle) • Stop device • Optional: large number of powered tool holders and spare parts warehouse

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, spindle motor power: 22,000 W, total height: 2,050 mm, overall weight: 4,000 kg, controller manufacturer: INDEX, controller model: C200-4 / C200-8, This 5-axis Index G200 C turn-mill centre was manufactured in 2000. Consider the opportunity to buy this Index G200 C turn-mill centre. Contact us for more information. Additional equipment • Synchronous device for counter spindle machining • Tool carrier 3 for synchronous spindle (rear end machining) • Additional milling spindle • Thread milling and polygon turning device Giedsyailzopfx Abyop • Gripperless tool changer (6 tools, HKS-50 B, KM40) • Workpiece handling WHU100 • with c-axis • no driven tools Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Space requirement (without material guide): 3580 x 3108 mm • Control unit: resolution: 0. 001 mm (input/output/correction) • Comprehensive movement range with multiple axes configuration • High precision with 0. 001 mm resolution in numerical control • Versatile expansion stages and additional equipment for enhanced functionality Extra Information Movement Cross slide 1 (top) - XYZB axes: X-axis: Slide path 155 mm, feed force 5000 N, rapid traverse 20 m/min, resolution 0.0005 mm Y-axis: Slide travel 120 mm, feed force 10000 N, rapid traverse 7.5 m/min, resolution 0.0005 mm Z-axis: Slide path 590 mm, feed force 5000 N, rapid traverse 30 m/min, resolution 0.001 mm B-axis (rotating): 360° swivel range, angular steps 5° (with locking), resolution 0.001° (with clamping), switching time for 180°: 1 s Cross slide 2 (bottom) - XZ axes: X-axis: Slide travel 105 mm, feed force 5000 N, rapid traverse 20 m/min, resolution 0.0005 mm Z-axis: Slide path 307 mm, feed force 5000 N, rapid traverse 30 m/min, resolution 0.001 mm Turret Turret right: X-axis: Slide path 120 mm Z-axis: Slide travel 400 mm Tail Stock Center distance: 400 mm Pressure force (max): 5500 N Drive: Hydraulic or electric Media Power supply: 400 V, 50/60 Hz Connected load: 20-45 kVA Current consumption: 35-80 A Hydraulic system: Delivery rate: 18 l/min System pressure: 90 bar Filling capacity: 70 liters Cooling lubricant system: Pump capacity (switchable): 20 l/min at 18 bar / 50 l/min at 3 bar / 60 l/min at 5-7 bar Filling quantity: Approx. 230 liters Chip conveyor: Hinged belt or scraper Workpiece holder: Main spindle: DB5 internal mount / D140 external mount, optional short taper Counter spindle: D140 external mount (only tensile clamping permitted for collet and chuck clamping) 1st spindle data (main/counter spindle): Spindle clearance (collet clamping): Variants: 30 mm / 42 mm / 60 mm / 65 mm Spindle Ø in front bearing: 75 mm (with 30 mm clearance) / 85 mm (42 mm) / 100 mm (60+65 mm) Speed (max): 7500 rpm (30 mm) / 6300 rpm (42 mm) / 5000 rpm (60 mm) Spindle nose: ISO 702/1 (size 4 or 5) Chip diameter (workpiece Ø): 110-130 mm (30 mm) / 140-160 mm (42 mm) / 165 mm (60 mm) Torque (Md max 100%): 33-62 Nm (30 mm) / 35-95 Nm (42 mm) Power (P max 100%): 7-13 kW (30 mm) / 7.5-20 kW (42 mm) Dimensions Machine Depth 3580 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis Index MC 400 horizontal turning machine was manufactured in 2008. Ideal for precision turning operations, it offers robust construction and reliable performance. If you are looking to get high-quality turning capabilities consider the Index MC 400 machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information about this machine. Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Max turning diameter: 350 mm • Max turning length: approximately 300 mm • Hole through spindle: 66 mm • 14-tool revolver • Driven tools Extra Information Giedpeyar Ifefx Abyjp Machine still under power

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 28,742 h, functionality: fully functional, bar passage: 65 mm, FANUC Series 31i-Model A 3 turrets Parts conveyor Magazine Gisdpfxeydmbus Abyep Further details on request

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, Technical details: turning diameter: 770 mm turning diameter over slide: 650 mm turning length: 750 mm max. diameter of work permitted:: 82 mm y-axis: +/- 60 mm turret (x-stations): 12 VDI 40 turning speeds: 4.000 1/min tail stock: ja total power requirement: 47 kVA weight of the machine ca.: 7,8 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 3,3 x 1,9 x 2,3 m Giodpfoxhd Ufjx Abyop Accerories main spindle power 16 / 24 kW CNC lathe, NC-tailstock, C-axis with brake, live tooling (10,5 kW, 5.400 rpm), 3-jaw chuck SCHUNK ROTA THW 260-81, chip conveyor, prepared for oilmist suction, parts catcher and belt (right side), coolant device 300l, 8/20bar, accessories (8pcs. live-toolholder...) approx. 3.000 working hours *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Out of valve production Gedpfx Absynkgveyjip *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Technical details: turning diameter: 270 mm turning length: 710 mm weight of the machine ca.: 6,5 t max. swing diameter: 590 mm Gsdpfxsx Dlhle Abyoip with automatic loading and unloading system, chip conveyor G300 with "spindle bore clamping capacity 90mm" in tailstock version The machine has no driven tools. The information in the circuit diagram refers to the rotary drive for indexing the turret, not to driven tools. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, Technical details: Godpfx Abjw Dud Eoyeip turning diameter: 270 -300 mm turning length: 710 mm total power requirement: 43 kW weight of the machine ca.: 8,5 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 3,16 x 2,15 x 2,15 m The machine does not include a chuck or tools – the machine was originally purchased without these accessories. The G300 has X, Z, Y, C, SP, and driven tools. A bar feeder can be used, but the machine does not have one. *

Condition: used, turning diameter 280 mm turning length 800 mm control Siemens type 840 D turning speeds 4000 U/min swing diameter 320 mm 3 jaw chuck Forckrath 250 mm Machine has been overhauled The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. Gisdpfx Abeyqv Epeyop We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, turning diameter 200 mm turning length 400 mm control Siemens type C 200-4 840 C spindle passage 65 mm Tool changer 2 x14 Pos. Gjdpfx Ajyqvygobysip live tooling 2x Revoler weight of the machine ca. 4 t Main and counter spindle 3-jaw chuck with numerous jaws Hainbuch collets Many tool holders Various driven tools Bar loader "Index MBL" Chip conveyor with coolant unit Complete set of spindle reducers etc. see photo The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, turning diameter 400 mm turning length 1250 mm control Siemens type 840 C swing diameter 590 mm turning speeds 3500 U/min Torque 275/178 Nm spindle passage 50/65 mm clamping chuck diameter 250 mm output 43/28 kw Tool changer 80 Pos. tool taper Capto C 4 Counter spindle 3500 rpm Flexible head 1500/6000 rpm (2 gear ratios) Head with 4 stations (2 fixed stations for turning/2 milling stations) Power 9.4 kW Travel 1250 mm Spindle head ISO 702/1 size 8 (HSP) size 6 (GSP) The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team Gisdpfx Aeyqvwfebyop

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, turning diameter 626 mm turning length 3000 mm control Siemens type 840D spindle passage 100 mm turning speeds 2800 U/min weight of the machine ca. 18 t Machine overhauled in 2003 and equipped with a Siemens 840 D - NC steady rest - 400 mm power chuck The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop Gijdpfjyqtzzox Abysp If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, machine 15 Pos. accessories: Pos. electric measuring devices 1 For sale is an entire production line for mass and small parts. This includes: 1x INDEX GS30 with SAMECA bar loader 8x INDEX ER25 with LNS Hydrobar bar loader 2x INDEX B60 2x BOLEY 2x INDEX ER25 1x Index 18 Ulmer tool presetter Complete magazine with accessories, spare parts, and tools, some in like-new condition The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are Giedpfx Abjyqtlmeyep possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, operating hours: 70,000 h, functionality: fully functional, spindle motor power: 28 W, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 2,500 kg, bar passage: 52 mm, bar diameter (max.): 65 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, We are offering this used INDEX ABC CNC lathe, year of manufacture 2002, equipped with bar loader and chip conveyor: Machine type: ABC Machine No.: 401690 Gsdeyq Hxtjpfx Abyeip Year of manufacture: 2002 Power supply / Frequency: 3 Ph / 50 Hz Rated voltage: 400 V~ Control voltage: 24 V– Rated current: 51 A Rated power: 28 kW Cabinet weight: 460 kg Machine weight: 2500 kg Operating hours: approx. 70,000 Control system: Siemens C200/4 Main spindle: Hainbuch collet chuck Sub-spindle: 3-jaw chuck C-axis, parts catcher 1 turret – 8 stations 2nd turret – 6 stations Bar capacity: up to 52 mm Complete documentation available The machine is still in production and can be inspected under power. Minor defects: e.g., cooler should be cleaned/replaced If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, Control: Siemens SINUMERIK 840D, C200-4D Gijdpfx Ajyp Icwebyop Spindle speed: 6000 rpm Travel X/Y/Z: 280/280/145 mm Number of turrets: 1 with 6 positions Number of tool stations: 2x4 Chip conveyor Pallet conveyor belt Pallets

Year of construction: 2005, condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, travel distance X-axis: 200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, controller model: SIEMENS SINUMERIK, overall weight: 8,000 kg, turning length: 800 mm, machine/vehicle number: 500571, Equipment: chip conveyor, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Placing a bid obligates the buyer to collect the item within either May 11–13, 2026, or May 18–21, 2026, without exception. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel X-axis: approx. 200 mm Travel Z-axis: approx. 500 mm Spindle bore: approx. 100 mm Turning length approx.: 800 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control: SIEMENS SINUMERIK Operating voltage: 400 V Rated current: 80 A Connected load: 47 kW Frequency: 50 Hz Gijdoynhd Sepfx Abyop Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 6,000 x 3,000 x 3,300 mm Weight: 8,000 kg EQUIPMENT Double turret with 12-position tool turret each Tailstock Main spindle Chip conveyor Two manuals BÜCHEL brand extraction filter Note: Machine can be transported on a standard truck. External reference: Pieper - Lot 50