Used Impact Crusher for sale (1,493)

Year of construction: 2005, condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, crusher HARTL PC204N opening: 1.260 x 1.060 mm rotor-diameter: 1.300 mm new blow bars feed hopper approx. 7 cbm vibrating chute Fgsdpfsnxi Dnex Apwsg active 2-deck pre-screen side- and main-discharge conveyor overband magnet separator CAT diesel engine C10 (291 kW) weight: approx. 50 t.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 200 kW (271.92 HP), fuel type: electric, color: other, overall weight: 10,000 kg, Year of construction: 2026, *All of our products are made with care and covered for 1 year warranty! *Installation and Operator Training FREE VSI machines are used to obtain fine sand and fine gravel from the hardest with a high degree of abrasive materials such as basalt, granite, gabbro, riverstone etc. This type of crushers acting as tertiary crushers in facilities with with it’s high cubic ratio and fine product. These high-speed crushers are manufactured in two different combinations as open rotor and closed rotor. Vertical shaft impact crushers (VSI) are designed with a unique rock-on-rock crushing principle, which significantly reduces the wear costs while offering superior cubical shape for the best quality fine aggregate production. The fact that it reduce their service requirements and times, and to increase their crushing performance with their low investment costs. General Specifitions and Futures: - Fine product, low wear cost, cubic shape, application flexibility and maintainability. - Rotor and crushing chute with stress relieved welding - Inner surfaces of the crusher is coated with wear resistant lining plates - Hydraulic opening cap -Automatic Lubrication system • Model: FABO VSI-700 • Type: Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Closed rotor • Capacity: 100-150 tph Fgsdpfxozhi S No Apwsg • Max Feeding: 30 mm • Rotor Size: Ø 700 mm • Speed: 50-70 m/s • Motor: Heavy duty GAMAK, 200 kW Bearings: Heavy duty SKF-FAG • Weight: 10000 kg • Dimensions: 4000 * 3000 * 2450 mm • Including chassis, motor and safety guards. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CALL US!!!

Year of construction: 2012, condition: like new (used), “LuT LTP 1000/700 SK” for Sale Find our complete stock on our website Manufacturer: LuT Type: LTP 1000/700 SK Year of Manufacture: 2012 Rotor Dia. x W.: 1.000 x 700mm Included: – 55 kW Electrical Motor – Inlet – Hydraulic pump with control panel – 500 kg Service Crane Fgodpfx Aoglvxwepwog Spare-parts in stock! Crusher can be sandblasted and painted.

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, OM - Impact crusher plant on steel structure Inlet: approx. 1,000 x 565 mm, electric motor 110 kW SCHENCK vibrating feeder Discharge box and discharge chute Fedpfxexcmizj Apwegg

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 250 kW (339.91 HP), fuel type: electric, color: other, overall weight: 19,000 kg, Year of construction: 2026, These high-speed crushers are manufactured in two different combinations as open rotor and closed rotor. Vertical shaft impact crushers (VSI) are designed with a unique rock-on-rock crushing principle, which significantly reduces the wear costs while offering superior cubical shape for the best quality fine aggregate production. The fact that it reduces their service requirements and times, and to increase their crushing performance with their low investment costs. VSI-1000 technical specifications: Model: VSI-1000 OR Capacity: 150-400 T/H Rotor Size: Ø 1000mm Maximum Feeding: 100mm Motor Power: 2 x 200-250 kW Speed: 50 – 70 ms Weight: 19000 kg General Specifications and Features: – Fine product, low wear cost, cubic shape, application flexibility and maintainability. Fgedpey El E Ajfx Apweg – Rotor and crushing chute with stress relieved welding – Inner surfaces of the crusher is coated with wear resistant lining plates – Hydraulic opening cap – Automatic lubrication system

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 315 kW (428.28 HP), fuel type: electric, color: grey, Year of construction: 2026, Mobile impact crusher marble recycling crusher ( High Capacity ) Another practical stone crushing machine from our company that meets the different needs of our valued customers, Mobile primary impact crusher. It is possible to reach a capacity of 250 / 500 tph in non-hard mines and minerals. Fedpfx Ajwhnbrspwogg You can easily increase the capacity of your quarry or recycling area in your new projects or already working. You can call us for our practical and innovative solutions for you.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 200 kW (271.92 HP), fuel type: electric, color: other, overall weight: 14,000 kg, Year of construction: 2026, *All of our products are made with care and covered for 1 year warranty! *Installation and Operator Training FREE VSI Vertical shaft impact crushers are used to obtain fine sand and fine gravel from the hardest with a high degree of abrasive materials such as basalt, granite, gabbro, riverstone etc. This type of crushers acting as tertiary crushers in facilities with it’s high cubic ratio and fine product. These high-speed crushers are manufactured in two different combinations as open rotor and closed rotor. Vertical shaft impact crushers (VSI) are designed with a unique rock-on-rock crushing principle, which significantly reduces the wear costs while offering superior cubical shape for the best quality fine aggregate production. The fact that it reduces their service requirements and time, and to increase their crushing performance with their low investment costs. General Specifitions and Features: - Fine product, low wear cost, cubic shape, application flexibility and maintainability. - Rotor and crushing chute with stress relieved welding - Inner surfaces of the crusher is coated with wear resistant lining plates Fgodpfxezlr R As Apwog - Hydraulic opening cap -Automatic Lubrication system • Model: FABO VSI-900 • Type: Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Closed rotor • Capacity: 100-300 tph • Max Feeding: 45 mm • Rotor Size: Ø 900 mm • Speed: 50-70 m/s • Motor: Heavy duty GAMAK, 2 X 160-200 kW Bearings: Heavy duty SKF-FAG • Weight: 14000 kg • Including chassis, motor and safety guards. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CALL US!!!

Condition: like new (used), “Pallmann PHPH 16-23 Grizzly” for Sale Also many other manufacturer like: Sandvik-Aubema / Hazemag / Ammann Amaro. Find our complete stock on our website. Fjdeggflyjpfx Apwjgg Manufacturer: Pallmann Type: PHPH 16-23 Grizzly Rotor Dia.: 1.600mm Rotor Width: 2.300mm Electrical Motor: Included Included frame and feeders.

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, Opening: 1.080 x 1.000 mm Rotor-diameter x –width: 1.000 x 1.060 mm blow bars and inside linings as new incl. steel construction and discharge conveyor Fgodpfxelhrlwe Apwjg

Condition: like new (used), “Hazemag Universa 1620” for Sale Fgsdpfx Apoggflvsweg Manufacturer: Hazemag Type: Universa 1620 Rotor size: 1.600 x 2.000 mm Inlet size: 2.500 x 2.000 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, Manufacturer: Hazemag Type: AP-KH 1006 Rotor Dia. x W: 1.000 x 670mm. Inlet size: 690 x 350mm Included: – 55 KW E.motor – Control-cabinet – Hydraulic unit – Frame Fgodpfowu Urdsx Apwsg New Spare-parts in stock. See PDF-file below for more detailed information.

Condition: good (used), Manufacturer: Thyssen / Krupp Type: KHP 130 /125 Fgsdpfog I R Ruox Apwjg Electrical Motor: Included (200 kW) Rotor diameter: 1.300mm Rotor width: 1.250mm Inlet: 1.370 x 990mm See PDF-file below for more detailed information. Included: – Inlet – Hydraulic system to open New spare-parts in stock.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 7,480 h, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 33,500 kg, fuel type: diesel, Terex Pegson Trakpactor 428 on tracks Fgsdpfx Apoyazl Hsweg 2005 year 7480 genuine working hours on John Deere CAT C9 33500 kg Inlet[mm]:up to 1067x711 mm Max size of inlet materiał: 400 mm CSS[mm]: 0-20 to 0-100 mm Capacity[t/h]: from 100 to 200 Feed hopper 3,68 m3 Fitted with overband magnet Side conveyor can be bought. Wear plates 90% blow bars martensitic-ceramic Machine in great working condition, can go straigt to work

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 400 kW (543.85 HP), fuel type: electric, color: dark red, overall weight: 38,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, brakes: other, Year of construction: 2026, Mobile vertical shaft crusher is a specially designed mobile stone crushing screening plant on a portable double axle chassis, consisting of feeder bunker, VSI 900 Vertical shaft impact crusher, vibrating screen and conveyor belts. Fgodpjwnp Akofx Apweg It can be fed directly with the material in stream areas or it can produce sand and gravel from the sieve material in the crushing plants. The GNR - MVSI 900 Vertical Shaft Crusher that gives this facility its name; - Maximum feeding size 50-55 mm - Rotor size 900 mm - Engine power 2x200 kW - The capacity 80-210 tons per hour. For more information please call us.

Condition: new, power: 315 kW (428.28 HP), fuel type: electric, color: dark red, Year of construction: 2026, PRIMARY IMPACT CRUSHERS SERIES Easy maintenance with hydraulic system and safety devices • Inner body is covered with wear resistant replaceable lining plates • Body is manufactured from 20 - 30 mm steel sheet. Heat treated rotor for high capacity and speed resistance • Seamless coarse rock feeding with wide mouth opening • High rate of fine and cubic product output They are primary crushers that give maximum fine product output with high capacity especially in crushing low and medium hard stones. With the wide feeding mouth, they break the boulders by hitting the rotor, pallet and each other. Fgjdpfswz Nbtjx Apweg They are crushers with low operating cost with replaceable lining plates, automatic lubrication system and high strength steel body.

Condition: used, “Hazemag APK 1313” for Sale Manufacturer: Hazemag Type: APK 1313 Rotor Dia: 1.300mm. Rotor Widthness: 1.340mm. Included Electrical Motor and Inlet Fgjdpfx Apswah E Iswsg See PDF-file below for more detailed information.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, CONSTMACH tertiary impact crusher is an advanced crushing machine that provides high efficiency in rock crushing and sand making processes. It delivers superior performance, especially in crushing medium-hardness materials with low abrasive properties. This machine stands out with its ability to produce fine, cubic-shaped material down to 0.5 mm in a single pass. It is an ideal choice for producing high-quality aggregate in sectors such as construction, ready-mix concrete production, and asphalt applications. Tertiary crushers ensure that the material is produced in homogeneous sizes during the crushing process and enable more efficient utilization of the material thanks to their high reduction ratio. With these features, the CONSTMACH tertiary crusher is also frequently preferred as a “sand making machine” in stone crushing plants. Thanks to its high-speed rotating rotor system and adjustable crusher plates, the material can be crushed to the desired fineness. The hydraulic opening and adjustment mechanism allows operators to perform maintenance and replacement operations safely and quickly. Replaceable wear parts ensure long-term use and low operating costs. Furthermore, its design, suitable for operation in closed-circuit systems, provides consistent quality across different product sizes. Tertiary Crusher Technical Specifications MODEL: CTC - 1275 Fgedpfexpvb Hox Apwjg Rotor Diameter: 1,100 x 750 mm Rotor Speed: 800 - 900 rpm Maximum Feed Size: 100 mm Capacity: 60 - 80 t/h Motor Power: 110 kW Weight: 9,500 kg MODEL: CTC - 1210 Rotor Diameter: 1,100 x 1,000 mm Rotor Speed: 800 - 900 rpm Maximum Feed Size: 120 mm Capacity: 80 - 135 t/h Motor Power: 160 kW Weight: 12,500 kg MODEL: CTC - 1212 Rotor Diameter: 1,100 x 1,200 mm Rotor Speed: 800 - 900 rpm Maximum Feed Size: 150 mm Capacity: 120 - 170 t/h Motor Power: 200 kW Weight: 15,500 kg MODEL: CTC - 1215 Rotor Diameter: 1,100 x 1,500 mm Rotor Speed: 800 - 900 rpm Maximum Feed Size: 150 mm Capacity: 230 - 250 t/h Motor Power: 250 kW Weight: 18,500 kg Why Choose CONSTMACH Tertiary Crushers CONSTMACH offers reliable solutions in crushing, screening, and concrete production equipment that meet international standards. Our tertiary impact crushers increase your operation's production efficiency with high quality, durability, and low maintenance costs. We are always by your side during the after-sales process with our spare parts and technical support services. If you are looking for a long-lasting, energy-efficient, and high-performance stone crushing machine, CONSTMACH is the right choice for you. What Do We Do at Constmach? Constmach is a leading machine manufacturer serving the construction and mining industries with a wide range of products. Our product portfolio includes concrete block making machines, stationary and mobile concrete plants, rock crushing machines, rock crushing and screening plants, sand washing machines, sand making machines, asphalt plants, conveyor belt systems, jaw crushers, and mobile crushing plants. With its high quality standards, innovative production approach, and customer-focused solutions, Constmach stands out as a reliable brand in both national and international markets. Our products continue to be the preferred choice of industry professionals due to their durability, efficiency, and long-lasting performance.

Condition: used, power: 300 kW (407.89 HP), fuel type: hybrid, color: orange, emission class: euro5, Type of fuel: Hybrid (electric and petrol) Field of application: Mining Empty weight: 54.000 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 1620 x 325 x 370 cm Make of engine: Perkins Emission class: EEV Productivity: 350 tph Fjdpjzvf Rqjfx Apwjgg = Additional options and accessories = - Central lubrication - Particulate filter = Remarks = Capacity 200 - 350 t/h Opening Size 1,200 x 900 mm Rotor Size 1100x1300mm Weight 54,000 kg Transport (mm) 16,200 x 3,250 x 3,700 Operation (mm) 16,400 x 6,350 x 4,150

Condition: new, color: other, Field of application: Mining We produce, mobile, primary, primary - secondary or tertiary, impact - crushers. On a trailer, with a hopper, belts, grizzly or wooble feeder, to separate clay and earth from the rock. It can also be a combination of crushers + screen, sieve, with two, three or four deck_ DRY PROCEDURE or WET PROCEDURE. The final products are tampons: 0-30 mm, 0-60 mm or 0-100 mm or asphalt-construction fractions; 0/4, 4/8, 8/11, 11/16, 8, / 16, 16/22, 16/32 mm. The plant is used for work in soft and medium hard rock. Technology has advanced, today they can crush impact crushers even in difficult working conditions. On a tertiary impact crusher in difficult working conditions, the impact hammers can be pre-shredded up to 40,000 m3 of gravel or eruptive stone. The power supply of the plant is via a cable, from a transformer station or via a generator. The size of the plant will depend on the project inquiry . ----- ----- ----- Mining crushing plants are offered, on a trailer; jaw crushers, cone crushers, vertical crushers, all types of separations, DRY PROCEDURE and WET PROCEDURE, with washing. ----- ----- ----- The warranty on the plants is 2 years. We provide service, all spare parts. ----- We offer all technical support on the issue of how correct and economically justified work out some quarry !! Many years of professional experience in surface exploitation in quarries, open pit, of mineral resources. Fedpfx Apsx D Dcbswjgg

Condition: good (used), Manufacturer: Hazemag Type: SAP 4 Fsdpfsg Stzbjx Apwsgg Inlet Size: 650 x 450mm Electrical Motor: Included See PDF-file below for more detailed information.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 92 880 13, opening: approx. 1.030 x 720 mm Fedpfslhrufsx Apwsgg rotor-Ø x –width: 1.000 x 1.000 mm weight: approx. 13 t.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 200 kW (271.92 HP), fuel type: electric, color: other, overall weight: 15,900 kg, Year of construction: 2026, *All of our products are made with care and covered for 1 year warranty! *Installation and Operator Training FREE PDK Series Primary impact crusher is a rotor type crusher and an expert in crushing less abrasive materials with medium hardness with very high reduction and cubical ratio. Primary impact crushers can be preferred for crushing large sized stones and it lowers secondary crushing requirement in entire systems. PDK series impact crushers deliver unbeatable performances in primary, secondary and tertiary applications. The crusher consists of two parts, body opening and adjustment systems operate easily with the hydraulic power unit thus provides an advantage for easy maintenance and minimum stopping for a constantly work. We produce PDK crushers as Mobile Primary Impact Crusher and Stationary Primary Impact Crusher. General Specifitions and Futures: • High capacity • High reduction ratio • Wear surfaces are protected by solid-filler electrode welding • Hammers and crushing plates are manufactured from high manganese steel casting • Inner surfaces of the crusher is coated with wear resistant lining plates • Wide intake with chain curtain due to protection from back-leaping Fgsdpfszhbbcsx Apwsg •Hydraulic setting system TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS • Model: FABO PDK-100 • Type: Primary Impact Crusher • Rotor Size: 1200 x 1000 mm • Max Feeding: 600 mm • Capacity: 150-200 TPH • Motor Power: Heavy duty GAMAK,200 kW Bearings: Heavy duty SKF-FAG • Speed: 750 rpm • Weight: 15900 kg • Including chassis, motor and safety guards. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CALL US!!!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, Vertical Shaft Impact Crushers (VSI) stand out among rock crushing machines due to their high crushing efficiency and excellent particle shape production. Developed by CONSTMACH, these sand-making machines are used in the tertiary crushing stage to give cubic form to materials obtained from secondary crushers and to produce a high proportion of fine material. The system offers superior performance in processing all types of minerals and ores, as well as hard rocks such as basalt and granite. High-quality sand is produced from materials with a maximum feed size of 45 mm. Vertical shaft impact crushers allow you to easily obtain the desired product size for different material types thanks to their variable speed rotor system. It offers production capacity flexibility with a high reduction ratio, large feed hopper, and four different crushing chambers. In addition, high-chromium wheel shoes, anvils, and heavy-duty bearings ensure long life and low maintenance costs. The independent lubrication system and optional anvil replacement mechanism maximize uptime. Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Technical Specifications Model: VSI-700-CR Maximum Feed Size: 35 mm Weight: 6,500 kg Motor Power: 110 kW Rotor Diameter: Ø700 mm Rotor Speed: 60–70 m/s Production Capacity: 60–100 t/h Model: VSI-800-CR Maximum Feed Size: 40 mm Weight: 12,000 kg Motor Power: 2 x 160 kW Rotor Diameter: Ø800 mm Rotor Speed: 45–60 m/s Production Capacity: 150–200 t/h Model: VSI-900-CR Maximum Feed Size: 45 mm Weight: 14,500 kg Motor Power: 2 x 185 kW Rotor Diameter: Ø900 mm Rotor Speed: 50–60 m/s Production Capacity: 200–250 t/h Model: VSI-1000-OR Maximum Feed Size: 90 mm Weight: 15,000 kg Motor Power: 2 x 200 kW Rotor Diameter: Ø975 mm Fodpfxoxpvgps Apwegg Rotor Speed: 50–60 m/s Production Capacity: 250–300 t/h Why Choose CONSTMACH Vertical Shaft Impact Crushers? CONSTMACH is a globally preferred brand in the production of stone crushing machines and sand making machines with its engineering quality. Our vertical shaft impact crushers offer high performance, low operating costs, and long-lasting use. Our models, which can be customized to the production needs of each facility, provide the advantages of easy maintenance and high efficiency. CONSTMACH is always the right choice for businesses seeking quality, reliability, and sustainable production. What Do We Do at Constmach? Constmach is a leading machine manufacturer serving the construction and mining industries with a wide range of products. Our product portfolio includes concrete block making machines, stationary and mobile concrete plants, stone crushing machines, stone crushing and screening plants, sand washing machines, sand making machines, asphalt plants, conveyor belt systems, jaw crushers, and mobile crushing plants. With its high quality standards, innovative production approach, and customer-focused solutions, Constmach stands out as a reliable brand in both national and international markets. Our products continue to be the preferred choice of industry professionals due to their durability, efficiency, and long-lasting performance. Information: The prices listed in the advertisement are shared based on current information. However, due to changes in market conditions and supply processes, our prices may vary from time to time. Therefore, we recommend requesting a quote from us for accurate pricing information.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, fuel type: hybrid, color: other, overall weight: 46,000 kg, Year of construction: 2026, *All of our products are carefully manufactured and have a 1-year warranty! *Installation and Operator Training are FREE! Fedpfx Aozibdmopwjgg FTC-200-S Mobile Cone Crusher (With Screen); It consists of a feeding bunker, cone crusher and stock conveyor belt and generator. FTC-200-S Mobile Cone Crusher (With Screen), which is moved by remote control on a tracked chassis, successfully completes all commands given by the user by moving on its tracks in all kinds of difficult climate conditions and rough terrain. FTC-200-S Mobile Cone Crusher (With Screen), is precisely designed and carefully manufactured for stone crushing and is the leading mobile cone crusher in the sector with a crushing capacity of 100-200 T/H per hour. FTC-200-S Mobile Cone Crusher (With Screen) does not require an extra infrastructure as a production method, it is moved by remote control as mobile and adapts to all difficult terrain conditions. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Model: FTC 200-S Crusher Type: Cone Crusher Vibrating Screen Size: 1300x3000 mm Production Capacity: 100-200 T/H Maximum Feed: 185mm Total Power: 300 kVA Weight: 46,000 Kg PLEASE CALL US FOR DETAILED INFORMATION!!!

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 170 kW (231.14 HP), fuel type: hybrid, color: other, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: cabin, CONSTMACH V-70 mobile vertical shaft impact crusher, also known as the mobile sand making machine, is a high-efficiency mobile crushing and screening plant specifically designed for the production of high-quality fine aggregate. It delivers superior performance, particularly in the production of perfectly cubic sand with a grain size of 0-5 mm. Thanks to its advanced engineering, durable components, and long-lasting design, it offers maximum efficiency in different rock types of varying hardness, such as granite, basalt, dolomite, gabbro, and limestone. The V-70 model can directly process natural stones up to 35 mm in size, as well as materials obtained from primary or secondary crushing processes. With a production capacity ranging from 100 to 150 tons per hour, it can simultaneously produce 0-5 mm sand and three different aggregate fractions. Thanks to its user-friendly hydraulic-mounted mobile chassis, the plant is ready for operation in just a few hours at the installation site. The automation system is equipped with SIEMENS and SCHNEIDER electronic components, allowing all operations to be easily managed from a single tablet. Thanks to its compact design, the V-70 complies with international road transport standards and can be quickly transported to different construction sites using a king-pin-connected tractor. The system can also be equipped with an optional diesel generator, allowing for independent operation in areas where energy is needed. V-70 Mobile Vertical Shaft Crusher Technical Specifications Production Capacity: 100-150 tph Maximum Feed Size: 35 mm Feed Height: 4.5 meters Main Configuration: VSI Crusher + Vibrating Screen Total Motor Power: 170 kW Fodpfjxpxcyjx Apwogg Electric Generator Requirement: 400 kVA Plant Weight: 32 tons Plant Dimensions: 17.8 (L) x 3.35 (W) x 4.3 (H) meters Chassis Type: Single chassis with wheels equipped with hydraulic legs Why Choose the V-70 Mobile Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher? CONSTMACH V-70 offers maximum efficiency, low maintenance costs, and superior quality in rock crushing and sand production. Its compact design makes it easy to transport, and its automation system requires minimal operator intervention. Its long-lasting components, high-performance VSI crusher system, and energy efficiency ensure the highest return on your investment. Manufactured with the CONSTMACH guarantee, the V-70 stands out in the industry with its durability, performance, and after-sales technical support. If you are looking for a reliable, fast, and economical solution for quality sand production, the V-70 is the right choice for you. What Do We Do at Constmach? Constmach is a leading machine manufacturer serving the construction and mining industries with a wide range of products. Our product portfolio includes concrete block making machines, stationary and mobile concrete plants, stone crushing machines, stone crushing and screening plants, sand washing machines, sand making machines, asphalt plants, conveyor belt systems, jaw crushers, and mobile crushing plants. With its high quality standards, innovative production approach, and customer-focused solutions, Constmach stands out as a reliable brand in both national and international markets. Our products continue to be the preferred choice of industry professionals due to their durability, efficiency, and long-lasting performance.