Used Shrink Film Packaging Machine for sale (89,358)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2005, total height: 3,900 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, total length: 7,600 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 4,000 kg, For Sale: Neat and in good condition: Brand: Affeldt type of conveyor: Affeldt E350 DG5 type of counter: Affeldt 275 8EV type of packaging machine: Affeldt 773 includes: conveyor belt + counting machine + vertical packaging machine Suitable for both PE and PP film. dimensions: (L x W x H) 7600 x 1700 x 3900 mm tube diameter: 180 mm weight approx. 4000 KG documentation and electrical diagrams available Year of manufacture: 2005 It has run very little and is complete. Knedpfx Ajxztaqsa Esf It is possible to inspect the machine at our location. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact us. Kind regards, Leo Holland

Year of construction: 2019, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 077-Z2A-2147, This is a manual packaging machine E 15 Basic from the premium manufacturer Webomatic, built in 2019. These small vacuum table-top machines offer high packaging performance. If you need to pack large products at high capacity but have limited space for a vacuum packaging machine, the compact yet powerful E 15 Basic or C 15-HL packaging machines are the perfect choice! You will receive an invoice with VAT shown separately. Our used equipment service for you: • 6-month warranty on all electrical parts • High-quality brand-name equipment at fair prices • Professional refurbishment, inspection & expert cleaning Kjdpfx Aaex Drl Dj Eonf • Tested and fully functional – or your money back • Flexible shipping or collection options • Competent advice – before and after purchase • Provision of operating manuals, connection diagrams & spare parts • Safety check according to DGUV V3 Technical data: MAP (E 15 Basic) Soft-Air (E 15 Basic) Undercarriage Angled insert GreenVAC Machine dimensions: 490 x 610 x 470 mm (W x D x H) Chamber dimensions: 430 x 500 x 180 mm (W x D x H) Weight: net/gross approx. 83 kg / 91 kg Pump: 21 m3/h high-performance pump, built-in Cycle performance: 2-3 cycles/min., depending on product size and desired vacuum Chamber made of high-quality stainless steel Easy operation MAP (C15, optional for E 15 Basic) Soft-Air (C15, optional for E 15 Basic) Serial number: 077-Z2A-2147 Year of manufacture: 2019 Additional information: The vacuum packer for any application. The E 15 Basic and C 15 HL packaging machines are perfectly suited for vacuum packing and packaging in kitchens, at weekly markets, branch operations, or for meat packaging in hunting and game processing. They are also ideal for packaging sterile and sensitive medical products or items from the electronics sector, as well as for packaging banknotes. As the C 15 HL version, the table-top machine is equipped with the sensor-controlled WEBOMATIC C 3000 S computer and comes standard with Soft-Air and MAP gas flushing for gentle gassing and vacuum packaging of delicate products. These functions are also optionally available for the E 15 Basic table-top machine. Food-safe PE chamber inserts for reducing chamber volume are included with the vacuum packer. Shipping: Delivery or collection by arrangement Worldwide shipping available on request Shipping to islands or mountain stations only by arrangement

Condition: used, The Pokolm shrink-fit device is a high-quality shrink-fit station designed for precise and rapid tool changes in professional tool and mold making. Using inductive heating, tools can be inserted or removed within seconds without compromising the chuck's precision. The device features a robust construction, user-friendly operation, and high repeat accuracy—ideal for daily use in production environments. Kodpfxexwp Ats Aa Ejnf Technical details: - Manufacturer: Pokolm Frästechnik GmbH & Co. KG - Type: Shrink-fit device / Shrink-fit station - Function: Inductive tool heating for shrink-fit toolholders - Operation: Manual with adjustable temperature settings - Application: Tool change for shrink-fit clamping technology Condition: used Included: Base stand with height-adjustable holder and user manual Additional features: - Rapid tool change within seconds - Precise and uniform heating - Durable industrial design - Low maintenance & reliable - Ideal for tool and mold making

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2250, turntable diameter: 2,000 mm, Pallet wrapper, wrapping machine with turntable, pallet packaging machine with table Kodpfx Aasx E Af Te Eonf Manufacturer: Boehl Model: BLZ 2020 Year: 2004 Machine No.: 2550 Turntable size: 2000 mm Wrapping height: H-2618 mm

Condition: refurbished (used), Rovema SPA end packaging machine for wraparound for with long flaps and with short flaps Knodpfx Aox Ag Uksa Eef

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1996, REF: MM5685 1 x Sorma Group automatic punnet netting machine. Model - PK8. Serial number - 1095. Date of manufacture - 1996. Speed - 35 packs/minute. Knsdpfx Aast Evzrj Eof Adjustable width of infeed conveyor by removing guides - 120mm to 140mm. Overall dimensions - 3.4m L x 1.1m W x 1.8m H.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2018, Shrink Tunnel, Film Shrink Tunnel Manufacturer: Diez Knsdpfsx Avxrjx Aa Eof Model: HTC5030D Year of manufacture: 2018 No operating hours! Pass-through width: approx. 50 cm Pass-through height: approx. 30 cm Overall length: approx. 220 cm 21225

Year of construction: 2005, condition: excellent (used), machine/vehicle number: 72164xxx, The Moba maxipacks Worldwide, the Moba maxipack M16 and M22 are the only machines that are able to package entire chickens in a bag, both frozen and fresh. The maxipack is an extremely reliable machine. Therefore, these machines are well-known in the chicken slaughtering industry for decades. The maxipack is made of stainless steel and high-quality, wear-resistant plastics. These ensure that the maxipack is able to continue to run for years in the production process after extensive mechanical, electrical and electronic revision. Moba M16 The Moba M16 taper machine is, suitable packing smaller chickens with a range of 900 to 1200 grams per chicken. - The machine consists of four protective covers with an interlock system that immediately deposits the machine when opened. In combination with the emergency stop, this ensures that the machine is safe to use. - Plastic bags can be easily changed by using the change function. This function ensures that the turntable rotates a quarter turn to ensure enough space to change the bags. - The compressed air system on this Maxipack is adjustable by means of a pressure reducing valve. The pressure reducing valve ensures that the moisture is filtered out of the compressed air. - The maxipack is also equipped with a pressure regulator, that ensures the maxipack to switch off if the pressure drops below 5 bar. Knjdpeh Ri A Aofx Aa Eof Revision Moba M16 Maxipacks that arrive at Bos Technical Support are thoroughly cleaned before starting the revision. For the revision, original Moba high qualitiy components are used. Each maxipack is equipped with a new PLC (Program Logic Controller) that includes the latest software. The 8 pneumatic cylinders that this machine includes are all checked and replaced when necessary. The electrical cabinet is being rebuilt and provided with new wiring. All machines come with an instruction manual and will be extensively tested to determine whether the machine is ready for a prolonged period of time in the production proces. More information? We have multiple Moba M16 and M22 machines in stock for sale and rental. For more information see also our website Specifications Moba Maxipack M22 taper: - Capacity: 800 chickens/hour (per machine) - Tape: 9-12 mm wide (optional 19 mm tape) - Machine weight: 540 kg - Machine size (L-W-H): 2395-850-1700 cm - Weight range: 900-1200 grams - Electrical 3 phase, neutral and ground - Voltage: 400 V - Power consumption: 1.4 KVA/hour - Frequency: 50/60 Hz - Airpressure: 6 bar - Maximum dewpoint: 3 Celsius - Air consumption: 7500 L/hour Bos Technical Support import-export packaging machines. Sorteermachine eier verpakkingsmachine eiersorteermachine egg gradingmachine sortiermachine sortieranlage eierverpackungsmachine Maxipack, Moba, Sanovo, Staalkat, Prinzen, Rational, Kletec

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, Robopac Model Robot M80 FRD PLUS, Year of manufacture: 2022 For sale is a high-quality self-propelled stretch wrapping machine from Robopac, Model Robot M80 FRD PLUS. The machine is fully operational, ready for immediate use, and ideal for wrapping palletized goods – with no need for a fixed installation site. Its mobile design enables efficient securing of even large and bulky loads. Ksdsw Eaqtepfx Aa Eenf Technical data: Model: Robot M80 FRD PLUS Power supply: 100–240 V / 50–60 Hz / 1 phase Power consumption: 0.3 kW Current consumption: 1.7 A Film carriage: FRD – manual film tension Max. pallet height: up to 2,400 mm Battery: 2 × 12 V – sufficient for up to 150 pallets per charge cycle Operation: Intuitive display with adjustable programs Special features: Fully mobile – no fixed wrapping station required Ideal for logistics, warehousing, production, or shipping Very easy to operate – suitable for untrained personnel Collection & Shipping: Shipping on pallet possible (costs on request) Inspection possible by appointment at any time! Scope of delivery: Robopac Robot M80 FRD PLUS Integrated battery Charging cable / power connector Machine weight: approx. 292 kg Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Specifications and details are subject to change and error!) If you have any further questions, feel free to contact us by phone.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, High-Barrier Film: Premium film from a German quality manufacturer – no imported goods! Ideal for producers, co-packers, and fillers with the highest demands for aroma protection and machinability. Product Details: Product type: High-barrier flat film featuring EVOH aroma protection Aroma barrier: Extremely strong – suitable even for citrus aromas Colour: Transparent Roll width: 260 mm Film thickness: 62 µm Core diameter: 76 mm Roll length: 1,000 linear meters Manufacturer: Kaiser Verpackung GmbH Applications: For food products (e.g. spices, tea, snacks, coffee pads); for cosmetics & non-food items; compatible with virtually all form, fill and seal machines; suitable for aroma-sensitive products. Availability & Tiered Pricing (1,000 linear meters/roll): Price per 1,000 lfm (1 roll): 5 rolls – €140/roll 10 rolls – €135/roll 30 rolls – €130/roll 60 rolls – €125/roll 120 rolls – €120/roll Ksdpsx A S A Hsfx Aa Ejnf Stock: 120,000 lfm Location: Greven Shipping via freight forwarding or collection by arrangement Quick and cost-effective – below current market price. Perfect for your ongoing production! ----- Cardboard Boxes – Remaining Stock Dimensions: 374x374x166 mm 3C450g/m2 (super sturdy!) 5,000 units Price: €0.30 per box when purchasing 5,000 units, smaller quantities available upon request We also offer matching jars for sale; each carton fits 32 pieces of 400 ml jars: ----- PET Jars from German brand manufacturer OBECK: Material: PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) Colour: White Volume: 400 ml Diameter: 93 mm (SP400) Height: 81 mm Weight: 36 g Suitable for food & recyclable Matching PP Lids: Type: Screw cap (Smooth 89SP400) Material: PP (Polypropylene) Colour: Black Height: 14 mm Applications: Food packaging (spices, nuts, protein powder); cosmetic products (creams, lotions, masks); dietary supplements (capsules, powders); industrial use (chemicals, paints, adhesives) Prices (per jar and lid set): 2,880 pcs – €0.35 each 5,760 pcs – €0.32 each 11,520 pcs – €0.30 each 20,160 pcs – €0.26 each 48,960 pcs – €0.22 each 100,800 pcs – €0.20 each 400,320 pcs – €0.18 each Minimum order: 2,880 pcs (2 pallets) Stock location: Greven Shipping: Freight forwarding or collection (by arrangement) Quick sale – We need storage space and are significantly cheaper than the manufacturer. Secure below-market deals now! If interested or if you have any questions, please get in touch!

Condition: refurbished (used), Introducing the Rovema VPI & VPX Rebuilt-to-New for Coffee Packaging! Knedpfxox Ag Rls Aa Ejf When it comes to coffee packaging, precision and quality are key. DL Packaging offers fully rebuilt-to-new Rovema VPI and VPX VFFS machines, designed specifically for coffee bags. Equipped with all the essential features, including a valve applicator, label dispenser, filler, and more, these machines deliver efficient and high-quality packaging for your coffee products. With a capacity of up to 40 bags per minute, the Rovema VPI and VPX are ideal for various coffee bag formats. Whether you’re packaging ground coffee, whole beans, or other coffee-related products, these machines are built to handle it all with ease and precision. Key Features: • Brand: Rovema • Models: VPI, VPX (rebuilt-to-new) • Capacity: Up to 40 bags/min • Dosing range: 100g – 1000g • Bag format range: Depending on the machine • Packaging type: Coffee bags with valve applicator • Construction: Rebuilt to new with high-quality components • Warranty: 6 months • Delivery time: 3–4 months (construction time) Optional extras: • Stand base • Valve applicator • Printer • Label dispenser • And more – customizable for your specific needs! Perfectly suited for coffee packaging, the Rovema VPI & VPX machines are reliable, efficient, and fully customizable to meet your production requirements. Whether you're packaging single-serve bags or larger quantities, these machines are built to enhance your productivity and ensure your coffee stays fresh and sealed. For more details or to place an order, contact us today!

Year of construction: 2010, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Sealpack Tunnel/Interdibipack Film Packaging Machine Manufacturer: Quick Pack Group Model: Tunnel-Sealpack Type: P0721/8.5 KW Year of manufacture: 2010 Condition: used Color: orange Internal item number: 2025120102 Collection address: Industriestraße 5 (47918 Tönisvorst) The machine was operational up until dismantling. Tailor-made solutions for your intralogistics Kedpfxox Ak U Uo Aa Eonf We are your competent partner for roller conveyors, belt conveyors, inclined conveyors, or telescopic conveyors for the loading and unloading of your goods, as well as for packaging machines! We are happy to provide you with a customized quote or consult with you regarding design or installation inquiries. Simply let us know your requirements and the on-site conditions. Take advantage of our many years of experience and our excellent network of professionals. We have already successfully carried out projects for companies from a variety of industries, such as logistics, the pharmaceutical industry, crafts, or the electronics sector. Together, we will develop solutions to optimize your processes and material flow in a cost-effective and sustainable way. We can even offer fully automatic sorting technology or supplementary components such as picking racks or containers.

Year of construction: 2012, condition: used, Ratiostretch RS10/2 RA1978 Height: 2540 mm Width: 1650 mm Turntable diameter: 1650 mm Length: 2600 mm maximum rewindable product weight:2000 kg maximum wrappable product height: 2330 mm maximum wrappable product basic dimensions 1100x1200 mm Turntable speed: 12 rpm (max.) / 3 rpm (min.) Lifting carriage speed: 4 m/min (max.) / 0.6 m/min (min.) Turntable height: 85 mm Voltage: 230V, 50Hz, 6A Year of manufacture 2012 weight: 480 kg Foil width: 450-500 mm Foil diameter: 240 mm Roll weight: up to 20 kg Foil thickness: from 7 µm Current mounting: embedded in floor, optional drive-on ramp available Prices net plus VAT from central warehouse Dr. Sonntag GmbH & Co KG, 97076 Würzburg For individual, professional advice, simply get in touch with us. Simply contact us by phone or by mail. We will be happy to help you with the planning and implementation of your projects. Kjdpfx Aajk Abplo Esnf We are looking forward to hearing from you. With kind regards Your team of Dr. Sonntag GmbH & Co. KG

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, Farmpacker M150 – 54.000 eieren per uur (2014) Bos Technical Support import-export packaging machines. Knsdpfexz Sfrex Aa Ejf Sorteermachine eiersorteermachine gradingmachine sortiermachine sortieranlage eierverpackungsmachine Moba, Staalkat, Prinzen, Rational, Kletec

Condition: good (used), continuous welding machine, film welding machine -Manufacturer: Rische, continuous welding machine film welding machine Polystar -Type: Polystar 350/5 DSM-TE -Voltage: 220 V Kodpfx Aevyq Dusa Esnf -Technical data: see photo type plate -Dimensions: 520/250/H5600 mm -Weight: 12.1 kg

Condition: excellent (used), - Dimensions: 2480x1000x1450 mm - Year: 2006 - Packaging material: PVC, polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene - Maximum product length: 680 mm - Maximum product height: 220 mm Kodjwyc Udspfx Aa Eonf - Product weight: 0.25–10 kg - Maximum roll diameter: 600 mm - Sealing arm dimensions: 490 x 390 mm - Voltage: 400V - Weight: 360 kg - Overhauled equipment: The machine is prepared upon order; collection and return times are arranged at that moment (please request the price after overhaul).

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Box forming Inner bag thermoforming Knodpfou Ivdtex Aa Eef Pasta filling Top filling Sealing

Year of construction: 2002, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: N380, Sealpack Tunnel/Interdibipack Film Packaging Machine Manufacturer: Quick Pack Group Model: Tunnel-Sealpack Type: 189 Kjdpex Ak Smofx Aa Eonf Year of manufacture: 2002 Machine number: N380 Condition: used Color: orange Internal article number: 2025120103 Pick-up address: Industriestraße 5 (47918 Tönisvorst) The machine was in operation until decommissioning. Customized solutions for your intralogistics Whether for roller conveyors, belt conveyors, inclined conveyors, or telescopic conveyors for loading and unloading goods, as well as packaging machines, we are your competent partner! We are happy to provide you with a tailored offer or advise you on system design and installation questions. Simply let us know your requirements and local conditions. Take advantage of our many years of experience and our outstanding network of specialists. We have successfully completed projects for companies from various sectors, such as logistics, the pharmaceutical industry, trades, or electronics manufacturing. Together, we will develop strategies to optimize your processes and material flow in a cost-effective and sustainable way. We can also offer you fully automatic sorting technology or supplementary components such as order picking racks or containers.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, A tray packaging machine Multivac including an auxiliary packaging machine MCS 260 is available. Tray dimensions X/Y 1: 187mm/137mm, film width 1: 335mm, tray dimensions X/Y 2: 340mm/128mm, film width 2: 315mm, max. cycle rate: 15cycles/min, throughput: approx. 45trays/min, max. tray depth: 130mm. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 4500mm/1050mm/2100mm, weight: approx. 1700kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Kedpfx Asx Db Unea Ejnf

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, operating hours: 31,000 h, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, This Moba Omnia 250 XF is a reliable grader from the first generation of Omnia lines. With a capacity of 90,000 eggs per hour, 10 packing lanes, 8 Closers and several key upgrades, this is an affordable yet powerful machine for companies looking for a solid grading solution. Description of the machine Overview & capacity Kedpfxjxz Sd Uo Aa Eenf The Omnia 250 XF is known as a strong and durable machine. With a capacity of 90,000 eggs per hour, this model is suitable for medium and larger production plants. The machine offers sturdy build quality and reliable egg handling. Application suitability This Omnia is ideal for production sites that want intensive daily sorting without high investment costs. With Crack detection and candling options present, it is also suitable for companies where quality control is important. Maintenance & history Despite the year of construction and advanced age of this model, this machine has been extremely well maintained. As indicated by the customer: The machine is neatly cleaned every day. The machine has always had its necessary service and maintenance. The machine was recently converted from DOS to MMI software - a major upgrade for reliability and ease of use. This makes it suitable for many additional years of sorting. Technical condition / operation The machine looks neat (painted finish) and functions well. Thanks to the MMI upgrade, the control system is more compliant with modern standards, which increases reliability and makes spare parts more readily available. Technical Specifications Specification Value Type Moba Omnia 250 XF Left Year built 1996 Running Hours 29.000 Capacity 90,000 eggs/hour Implementation Left Software Converted from DOS to MMI State Neat, painted machine Modules & Features Standard modules 10 packaging lanes 8 closers Single roll Infeed candling boot Additional options Crack detection Semi-automatic candling Delivery, transportation & support We offer support for: Loading and transportation worldwide Export documents outside the EU Installation, startup and training Maintenance and parts for Moba Omnia machines The machine is still in production, is sold in current condition Are you interested in this Moba Omnia 250 XF? Feel free to contact us for more information or a viewing. Bos Technical Support import-export packaging machines. Sorteermachine eier verpakkingsmachine eiersorteermachine egg gradingmachine sortiermachine sortieranlage eierverpackungsmachine MR 40 palletizer Maxipack, Moba, Sanovo, Staalkat, Prinzen, Rational, Kletec Yaskawa

Condition: used, Automatic packaging machine, sealer SIAT / BRÜNINGHAUS type XL-35-94 / P Carton gluing machine, carton gluing machine, semi-automatic closing machine No. 19084 Year of construction 2004 Carton length 160 mm -any Carton height 120-510 mm Carton width 120-510 mm Mains connection 400 Volt, 50 Hz, 260 Watt - Manual adjustment of the side conveyor belts for the carton width, via hand crank - Carton feed via conveyor belts on the right and left - Manual height adjustment of the upper gluing station, via hand crank - Glues the bottom and top of the carton with 2 separate parcel tape stations - 2 gluing units for processing self-adhesive tape, width 75 mm, presumably type K12 Knsdpfx Ast Exq Noa Esf - Gluing stations for self-adhesive tape (also for large rolls Ø 300 mm) - Height-adjustable feet to adjust the working height Space requirement L x W x H 1150 x 1100 x 1350 mm Weight 185 kg good condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, Precision winding machine for films and web materials. Designed for consistent unwinding, guiding, and rewinding of roll materials. Integrated safety system with protective glazing, laser start position indicator (green), emergency stop switches, and pneumatic film guiding. Machine frame made of steel, electrically controlled drive. Ideal for production lines in coating or laminating technology. Knjdpfexzuiyjx Aa Ejf

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 022822, Automatic shrink wrapping machine Manufacturer: Italdibipack S.p.A. Model: MECPACK STX Serial No.: 022822 Year of construction: 2021 Condition: used Weight: 420 kg Required power: 1.5 kW Color: blue Internal item number: 2025120104 Pickup address: Industriestraße 5 (47918 Tönisvorst) The machine was in continuous operation until it was dismantled. Tailor-made solutions for your intralogistics Whether you need roller conveyors, belt conveyors, inclined conveyors, or telescopic conveyors for the loading and unloading of your goods—or packaging machines—we are your competent partner! We are happy to provide you with a custom quotation or advise you on system planning and installation. Simply let us know your requirements and your on-site conditions. Benefit from our many years of experience and our excellent network of specialists. We have already successfully implemented projects for companies from a wide range of industries, such as logistics, the pharmaceutical industry, trades, or the electronics sector. Kodpfsx Ak Rcjx Aa Eenf Together, we will develop solutions to optimize your workflow and material flow cost-effectively and sustainably. Even fully automated sorting technology or additional components such as order picking racks or containers can be provided upon request.

Year of construction: 2017, condition: ready for operation (used), A foam bag system for packaging smaller and individually manufactured parts is available. Packaging capacity: 16 bags/min, film type: perforated, bag dimensions 1 X/Y: 470mm/400mm, bag dimensions 2 X/Y: 470mm/600mm. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 500mm/500mm/700mm, weight: approx. 30kg, control: Instapak 901. Includes two component filler, spare parts, and foil bags. Documentation vorhanden. An on-site inspection is possible. Kjdpex A Hg Hofx Aa Eenf

Year of construction: 2024, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1731124010219J, Allpax Angle Sealing Device / Packaging Machine Manufacturer: Hualian Machinery Group Model: PTHW-WS-5045 Serial No.: 1731124010219J Year of Manufacture: 01/2024 Condition: used Color: light grey Internal Item Number: 2025120105 Ksdpfxex Ak Nrs Aa Ejnf Pick-up Address: Industriestraße 5 (47918 Tönisvorst) The machine was in operation until dismantling. Tailor-made Solutions for Your Intralogistics For roller conveyors, belt conveyors, inclined conveyors, or telescopic conveyors for loading and unloading your goods, as well as packaging machines, we are your competent partner! We are happy to provide you with an individual offer or advise you on system design or installation queries. Simply let us know your requirements and site conditions. Benefit from our years of experience and excellent network of experts. We have already successfully completed projects for companies in a variety of sectors, such as logistics, the pharmaceutical industry, trades, or the electronics sector. Together, we will find ways to optimise your processes and material flow cost-effectively and sustainably. We can also offer fully automatic sorting systems or complementary components, such as picking racks or containers.