Used Lead And Feed Screw Lathe / Knuth Basic for sale (27,756)

Condition: ready for operation (used), L&Z Lathe / WEILER COMMODOR B incl. Heidenhain Digital Readout -GS designation -3-axis digital Heidenhain control -Year of manufacture 1991 -Center height 180mm -Swinging diameter over bed 330mm -Distance between centers 1000mm -Spindle bore 56mm -Spindle speeds 25 - 2000 rpm -Automatic longitudinal/crossfeed -Threading / Metric / Inch / Module etc. -Multifix base and inserts -Chuck guard -2 x EMERGENCY STOP -3-jaw chuck -Chip guard -Well-maintained, good overall condition -Machine feet -Documentation Tsdpfx Aez Hxm Doa Ioc Dimensions: 2.5 x 1.3 x 1.7 meters / Weight 1500 kg Errors and omissions excepted

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, L & Z Spindle Lathe / EXCELLO DLZ 500 SL x 3 Meter Turning Length - MACHINE IN WELL-MAINTAINED ORIGINAL CONDITION - Center height 250mm - Distance between centers 3000 mm - Turning diameter over bed 500mm - Turning diameter over cross slide 310mm - Bar capacity 65 mm - Spindle speeds 28 - 1400 rpm (geared) - Automatic longitudinal / facing feeds - Thread cutting / Metric / Inch etc. - 3-jaw chuck 250mm - 4-jaw chuck 250mm - Multifix base with inserts - Steady rest - Work light - Tool cabinet - Documentation Todpjzwwf Aofx Aa Isc Dimensions: L x W x H 5.5 x 1.4 x 1.6 meters / Weight 3800 kg Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: ready for operation (used), L & Z Lathe WEILER CONDOR VS incl. RSF Digital Display -Center height 165mm -Swinging diameter over bed 330mm -Distance between centers 800mm -Speed range 28 - 2800 RPM -Automatic longitudinal / cross feeds -Spindle bore approx. 38mm -Tailstock -RSF Digital Display -Multifix base with inserts -3-jaw chuck & quick-change jaws -Collets / quick-change chuck incl. collets -Drill chuck / rotating center -Bed stop -Chip guard -Coolant system -Emergency stop / On/Off switch -Documentation Dimensions: L x W x H 2 x 0.8 x 1.6 meters / Weight 900 kg Errors and omissions excepted. Tedpfszn Rahex Aa Isc

Condition: new, spindle bore: 51 mm, turning diameter: 360 mm, turning length: 1,000 mm, – Centre distance 1000 mm – Swing diameter over bed 360 mm – Swing diameter over cross slide 230 mm – Spindle bore 51 mm – Longitudinal and cross feed – SINO digital readout on two axes – Brake – Coolant system Tjdoyqx A Djpfx Aa Ioc – Lighting – Protective cover – Fixed steady rest – Follow rest – Three-jaw chuck – Four-jaw chuck – Emergency stop – Documentation – 400V

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, WEILER COMMODOR from Bundeswehr stock -Good condition -Good operational condition -Maximum turning height 180mm -Maximum turning length 1000mm -Bar capacity 56 mm -Speed range 56 - 2000 RPM -Automatic longitudinal / facing feeds -Threading / Metric / Inch etc. -Tailstock MK 4 -Three-jaw chuck 250mm -Electric chuck guard -Multifix base and inserts -Coolant system -Chip guard -Machine documentation Tsdpfx Aajzuhfzo Isc Dimensions: L x W x H 2.5 x 1.3 x 1.7 meters / Weight 1500KG Errors and omissions excepted

Condition: ready for operation (used), L & Z Lathe / WEILER CONDOR VS 2 with new 3-axis digital readout from training workshop - 3-axis digital readout "NEW" - Center height: 165 mm - Swing diameter over bed: 330 mm - Center distance: 800 mm - Speed range: 28 - 2800 rpm - Automatic longitudinal / cross feeds - Spindle bore - Tailstock with center - Collets / quick-clamping device incl. 25 collets - 3-jaw chuck Röhm 200 mm with reversible jaws - Multifix / new with insert - Work light - Emergency stop - Bed stop Tjdoy Ral Iopfx Aa Iec - Machine feet - Documentation Dimensions: LxWxH 2x0.8x1.6 meters / Weight 900 kg Subject to errors and input mistakes.

Condition: ready for operation (used), L&Z Lathe WEILER LZ 330 incl. new 3-axis digital readout (from educational facility) - "NEW" 3-axis digital readout - Center height 165 mm - Swing over bed 330 mm - Turning length 800 mm - Spindle speed range (gearbox) 25–2800 rpm - Automatic longitudinal/cross feeds - New Multifix toolpost with holders - Three-jaw chuck - Collet system with 20 collets - Original copy attachment - Various accessories - Documentation Dimensions (LxWxH): 1.8x0.7x1.6 meters / Weight: 800 kg Tedpjy Id Uhofx Aa Ijc Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, overall weight: 10,000 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, For Sale: - Manufacturer: ABB / Stelram - Brand: ABB / Stelram - Type: 2 robot cells, each with 4 pick and place robots. Total: 8 robots - Vacuum: Becker pumps - Camera system / Vision system Included: - Power cabinet - Manuals, software, spare parts lists, introduction lists, pneumatic and electrical diagrams - Infeed conveyor - 2 robot cells - 2 camera boxes - Conveyor belts Dimensions, complete with infeed: Length x width x height: 19.50 meters x 2.70 meters x 2.95 meters Transport and dismantling can be provided by us. This large robot cell is suitable for high speeds and larger products. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact us. Tedpfeznd Skox Aa Ioc Sincerely, Leo Holland

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, turning diameter: 360 mm, turning length: 750 mm, quill diameter: 52 mm, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, – Distance between centres 750 mm – Swing over bed 360 mm – Swing over tailstock 240 mm Todpjyzuwtofx Aa Iec – Spindle bore 52 mm – Longitudinal and cross feed – Digital readout on two axes – Coolant system – Lighting – Protective cover – Fixed chuck – Live chuck – Three-jaw chuck – Four-jaw chuck – Emergency stop – Documentation – 400 V

Condition: ready for operation (used), L & Z Lathe WEILER Condor -Guideways "Good" -Optional 3-axis digital display -Center height 165 mm -Swinging diameter over bed 330 mm -Distance between centers 800 mm -Speed range 28-2800 rpm -Automatic longitudinal / crossfeed Tjdpfx Aeztfiuea Iec -Spindle bore approx. 40 mm -Threading / Metric / Inch, etc. -Collets / Quick-change tool holder incl. 20 collets -Three-jaw chuck -Multifix with inserts -Chip guard -Drill chuck / Follower point -Coolant system -Emergency stop -Documentation Dimensions: L x W x H 2 x 0.8 x 1.6 meters / Weight 850 kg

Condition: used, L + Z lathe WEILER, Type Condor 81 A Machine No. 36553, Year of manufacture approx. 1985 Distance between centers 750 mm Swinging diameter over bed 330 mm Todpfok S Ht Aex Aa Ioc Distance between centers above bed 165 mm Swinging diameter over cross slide 180 mm Distance between centers above cross slide 90 mm Spindle bore 40 mm Chuck mount Short taper DIN 55027, size 5 Tailstock internal taper MK 3 Tailstock quill travel 110 mm Spindle speed 45 - 2800 rpm, 16 steps Drive power 3 kW Mains connection 400 Volt, 50 Hz - Spindle speed via 16 gear stages - 3-jaw chuck Ø 160 mm RÖHM with boring and turning jaws - Quick-change tool holder Multifix size B with 3 inserts - Automatic feed in longitudinal and facing directions - Electro-mechanical spindle brake - Emergency stop - Coolant tank with pump in the machine base, without supply line to the work area - Folding chuck guard - Splash guard - 1 rotating center - Electrical diagram and operating manual Space requirement L x W x H 1850 x 950 x 1400 mm Weight 1100 kg Good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, machine/vehicle number: 0-261-04-6588 si 0-284-96-1130, functionality: fully functional, power: 21 kW (28.55 HP), input voltage: 380 V, input current: 30 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, edge thickness (max.): 3 mm, height adjustment type: electric, actuation type: electric, total height: 1,600 mm, total length: 12,000 mm, total width: 3,000 mm, overall weight: 10,000 kg, year of last overhaul: 2025, Equipment: documentation/manual, Technical data Machine length: 6060 mm Machine width: 1555 mm Machine height: 2300 mm Weight: 2600 kg Total power input: 21 kW (30 A) Compressed air: 6 bar Air consumption: approx. 350 l/min Extraction: 2820 m³/h (at 28 m/s) Maxim speed:18m/min General functions Workpiece thickness: 8–60 mm Max. feed speed: 18 m/min Double pressure from above for stability of the part Electronic thickness control Loc A U Uov Szt Dslccsai Frequency converter for feed Automatic lubrication of the feed chain Automatic motor calibration Touch control system Groups existent on the machine 1)Emulsion spray at the inlet and outlet Edge preheating 2)Pre-milling unit Tool diameter: 100 mm Tool height: 63 mm Diamond tool with replaceable knives Motorized removal adjustment 3)Gluing unit Glue and hot air application Heated application roller Quick exchange of the entire unit Tjdpfx Aaez E A T Ee Iec Automatic position adjustment via motor 3 pressure rollers Edging speed: 14 m/min 4)Cutting unit Twin-motor unit with automatic tilting Tilt up to 15° THK prismatic guide 5)Radius milling unit 2 tools Automatic adjustment in two axes Automatic overlap adjustment 6)Copying unit (2 motors) Automatic tool position change by servo motor Electromagnetic horizontal movement Vertical hydraulically damped movem 7)Cleaning and polishing unit 8)Automatic return conveyor- Homag TFU 140

Condition: ready for operation (used), Weiler Commodor B including a new 3-axis digital display from an educational institution -GS designation -Three-axis digital display, "NEW" -Center height 180mm -Distance between centers 1000mm -Spindle bore 56mm -Spindle speeds 15 - 2000 rpm -Automatic longitudinal / crossfeed -Threading / Metric / Inch / Module / Diametral Pitch -Electric chuck guard -2x Emergency stop Todpfx Aaezq Dklo Ijc -Multifix with inserts -Four-jaw chuck - Röhm -Chip guard -Coolant system -Very well-maintained original condition -Documentation Dimensions: L x W x H 2.3 x 1.2 x 1.7 meters / Weight 1600 kg Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 4,824 h, functionality: fully functional, power: 5.52 kW (7.51 HP), 1 x Atlas Copco Airpower B.V. rotary screw compressor and refrigerant air dryer mounted on 200L receiver tank. Manufacturer - Atlas Copco Airpower B.V. Model - GX5 FF. Tedpfozu Aw Sox Aa Isc Serial number - CAI361147. Date of manufacture - 2009. Working pressure - 10 bar. Working hours - 4824 hours. Electrical requirements: Compressor - 400 V / 50 hz / 3 phase. Air dryer - 230 V / 50 hz / 1 phase.

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, center height: 160 mm, center width: 650 mm, rotational speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, Dear Sir or Madam, For sale is a Weiler Primus VC / Praktikant VC lathe. This model series is particularly distinguished by its Siemens control panel and completely stepless speed control. As the name suggests, the VC can operate at a constant cutting speed. The machine has undergone a comprehensive partial overhaul in our workshop, so it is in excellent technical and visual condition. All guides are in working order, the gears run quietly, and the levers shift easily. You are welcome to visit us to see the condition for yourself. Availability: upon request Center height: 160 mm Center distance: 650 mm Spindle bore: Ø 40 mm Tailstock taper mount: MT3 Quill stroke: 85 mm Possible thread types: Metric, inch, module, diametrical pitch Metric thread pitches: 0.25 - 8 mm Spindle brake: switchable Voltage: 400 V Dimensions: approx. 1.60 x 1.00 x 1.50 m (L x H x W) Weight: approx. 750 kg Other equipment and accessories: Siemens control panel, coolant system, chuck guard, lead screw and feed screw covers, 2 emergency stops, operating instructions, CE declaration of conformity, and much more upon request... Our service promise to you: Tjdpfxjwhx I Nj Aa Isc - We are a certified master craftsman in the field of mechanical engineering - All machines undergo at least a workshop inspection - All lubricants and any worn parts will be replaced in advance. - Upon request, we can fully or partially overhaul the selected machine. - Upon request, we can repaint the selected machine in your desired color. - Upon request, you can order additional accessories such as tools, etc. directly. - Upon request, we can install additional accessories such as safety devices, etc. - We are happy to take care of shipping and/or delivery.

Condition: good (used), 1 used lead and feed screw lathe Make: Weiler Model: Condor VS 2 Technical Data: Centre height: 160 mm Centre distance: 800 mm Spindle bore: 40 mm Bed width: 240 mm Speeds: 12 - 2800 rpm Drive power: 3 kW Tailstock taper: MK 3 Quill stroke: 110 mm Tsdpfxsw Rcrce Aa Isc Feeds: 0.037 - 1.253 mm/rev Weight, approx.: 800 kg Dimensions (W x D x H), approx.: 1930 x 880 x 1470 mm Equipment: 3-jaw chuck Quick-change toolholder system Multifix

Condition: excellent (used), Voest DA 180 Voest Alpine DA 180 Conventional Lathe with Digital Readout, Year of Manufacture 1981, in Very Good Original Condition The machine comes from the training workshop of a renowned German mechanical engineering company. Technical Data: VOEST ALPINE Lathe Lead and feed screw lathe, Type DA 180/1, Year of Manufacture 1981 Swing over bed: 380 mm Swing over cross slide: 185 mm Turning length: 1,000 mm Centre height: 180 mm Bed width: 330 mm Spindle bore: 52 mm Tailstock taper: MK 4 Tjdsxp I D Tjpfx Aa Isc Coolant system Motor: 380 Volt, 5.5 kW 12 spindle speeds: 44 - 2,000 rpm 66 longitudinal feeds: 0.072 - 4.038 mm/rev 66 cross feeds: 0.036 - 2.019 mm/rev 66 metric threads: 0.5 - 28 mm 66 inch threads: 1 - 32 TPI 66 module threads: 0.25 - 14 66 DP threads: 2 - 112 3-jaw chuck Weight approx. 1,200 kg Accessories and Equipment: 1 piece Röhm 3-jaw chuck 200 mm Multifix size B Digital readout About the Machine: We offer a Voest Alpine DA 180 conventional lathe with digital readout, year of manufacture 1981, in very good condition. The machine is, of course, fully functional. All slides run very smoothly and evenly. The Voest also runs very quietly, even at high speeds. This newer generation of lathes is very operator-friendly and can produce grind-finish-quality surfaces. Take the opportunity to inspect this machine under power at our premises and see its condition for yourself. You can find further drilling machines from reputable manufacturers on our website.

Condition: new, Bernardo Production Lathe Goliath 660 x 3000 incl. 3-Axis Digital Readout Technical Specifications Centre distance: 3000 mm Centre height: 330 mm Swing over bed: 660 mm Swing over gap*: 870 mm Swing over cross slide: 420 mm Bed width: 400 mm Spindle bore: 105 mm Spindle mounting: DIN 55029, D1-8 Speed range (16 steps): 36 – 1600 rpm Longitudinal feed range (65 steps): 0.063 – 2.52 mm/rev Cross feed range (65 steps): 0.027 – 1.07 mm/rev Metric threads (22): 1 – 14 mm Inch threads (26): 2 – 28 TPI (G/1") Quill diameter: 75 mm Quill travel: 150 mm Quill taper: MT 5 Motor power: 9.0 kW (12.0 HP) Machine dimensions (W x D x H): 4500 x 1280 x 1650 mm Approx. weight: 3990 kg * Removable bed gap: 240 mm Features • Versatile applications in general engineering, production, single-part manufacturing, etc. • The one-piece cast machine bed offers extremely high rigidity and low vibration, fulfilling a key requirement for precision turning • Modern headstock bearing with precision angular contact ball bearings • Central, user-friendly control for feeds and threading, with lead and feed screws Tsdpfxjxxaxne Aa Ioc • Rapid traverse (longitudinal and cross) as standard to minimize non-productive times • Large-dimensioned, hardened, and precision-ground gears • Removable gap bridge enables machining of large-diameter workpieces • Adjustable tailstock for taper turning, handwheel with adjustable fine scale (0.02 mm) • Electromechanical foot brake to reduce non-productive times • Excellent machining performance even during facing operations Scope of delivery • Slip clutch • Rapid traverse (longitudinal and cross) • LED machine lamp • 3-axis digital readout ES-12 V with LCD display • 3-jaw chuck PS3-315 mm / D8 • Face plate 630 mm • Fixed steady rest – max. bore diameter 250 mm • Travelling steady rest – max. bore diameter 110 mm • 1 live centre / 1 revolving centre • Motor with magnetic brake according to CE standard • Foot pedal with brake function to CE standard • Factory fill with Shell Tellus 46 • Coolant device • Quick-change toolpost with 4 holders • Safety guard for quick-change toolpost • Reducing sleeve • Chip guard (swarf back panel) • Operating tools

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Weiler Primus lead and feed screw lathe from training workshop !!! Technical data: >> Year of construction approx. 1985 >> center height 120 mm >> center distance 430 mm >> Speed: 60 - 3000 rpm in 18 gear steps >> Spindle clearance 23 mm >> Short taper spindle head KK4 DIN 55027 >> Tailstock MK 2 >> Feed rates from 0.03 to 0.15 mm /rev >> Possible threads metric, inch, module and diametral pitch >> Metric thread pitches from 0.25 to 2.5 mm >> Weight approx. 360 kg >> Length 1.2 m, height 1.3 m, depth 0.65 m Accessories and equipment: >> 1 piece three-jaw chuck 160mm with 1 set of jaws >> 1 new three-jaw chuck 125mm with 2 sets of jaws >> Collet chuck device with collets from 1 mm to 20 mm 1 mm increasing >> Mulifix size A with 3 steel holders >> Fence >> Change wheels To the machine : Tjdju Aftgepfx Aa Ijc We are offering a Weiler Primus lathe in very good condition. The machine is of course fully functional. The slides all run very smoothly and evenly. The Weiler runs smoothly even at high speeds. The Primus was used in a training workshop. This newer generation of Weiler lathes is very user-friendly and surfaces can be produced as if they were ground. Take the opportunity to inspect this machine on site under power and see for yourself its condition.

Condition: excellent (used), Broadbent Heavy Duty Lathe 1041mm x 10,000mm Todpfx Aswhylvsa Iec Year approx. 1973. Swing over bed 1041mm (41”) Swing bin gap1575mm (62”) Distance between centres 9300mm (30’ 6”) Spindle bore 115m (4 ½”) Spindle speeds (18) 3.3 – 360 rpm Spindle motor 30 HP or 40 HP (To be confirmed) Tailstock 6 MT Imperial & Metric screw-cutting with change gears. 36” Faceplate with 4 adjustable jaws, 54” Faceplate, Taper turning attachment, Power feed to top slide, 2 x 18” 3 point steadies, 24”/28” Steady.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Weiler Primus LZ/G lead and feed screw lathe in special paint finish light gray !!! Technical data: >> Year of construction ca.1990 Machine-No.3150 >> Center height 120 mm >> Center width 430 mm >> Speed: 60 - 3000 rpm in 18 gear steps >> spindle passage 23 mm >> Short taper spindle head DIN 4 >> Tailstock MK 2 >> Feed rates from 0.03 to 0.15 mm /rev >> Possible threads metric, inch, module and diametral pitch >> Metric thread pitches from 0.25 to 2.5 mm >> Switchable spindle brake >> Weight approx. 360 kg >> Length 1.2 m, height 1.3 m, depth 0.65 m Accessories and equipment: >> 1 piece three-jaw chuck NEW 125mm with 2 sets of jaws >> Mulifix size A with 2 steel holders >> collet chuck device new with collets from 3 to 26mm 1 mm increasing new >> To the machine : Todpjvivmyjfx Aa Isc We are offering a Weiler Primus lathe in very good condition. The machine is of course fully functional. The slides all run smoothly and evenly. The bed guides are in very good condition. The Primus was used in a training company. This newer generation of Weiler lathes is very user-friendly and surfaces can be produced as if ground. Take the opportunity to inspect this machine on site under power and see the condition for yourself.

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 844 12 64, turning diameter over cross slide: 215 mm, spindle bore: 40 mm, turning diameter: 380 mm, center height: 190 mm, center width: 1,250 mm, quill stroke: 120 mm, total length: 3,020 mm, total width: 950 mm, total height: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,800 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 14 rpm, overall weight: 1,850 kg, quill mount: MK 3, workpiece weight (max.): 300 kg, Trade show lathe, available from stock. After Trens filed for bankruptcy, we made an effort and had TOS and later Trens lathes completely overhauled. All machines were disassembled down to the last screw. Here is a run-through of a general overhaul at our company: 1. Machine cleaning, disassembly of the individual machine components 2. Grinding: bed, slide, cross support, spindle, tailstock quill 3. Grinding + scraping of the upper support guideways, replacement: trapezoidal screw with nut and V-ledge 4. Scraping of the guide surfaces: spindle, slide, cross support, and tailstock to geometric positions according to the accuracy report 5. Replacement: screw with nut, V-ledge, and Multifix base body for the cross support (including 2 turning tool cartridges) 6. Complete disassembly and replacement of the necessary spare parts in the lock case, threaded housing, headstock, gear box, tailstock, cross support, and upper support Tsdjv Hzqxopfx Aa Iec 7. Installation, replacement if necessary, of racks, repair of the lead screw and feed screw 8. Complete bearing replacement in all machine assemblies 9. Complete replacement of machine plates 10. Priming of the machine, sealing, sanding, polyurethane topcoat, and painting of the machine accessories - white RAL 9003, anthracite RAL 7016 11. New control cabinet with electrical components, replacement: main motor, rapid traverse motor, hydraulic pump, cabling, and LED lighting of the work area 12. Preparation of the accuracy report and the electrical test report 13. Inspection and machine acceptance at the factory All refurbished machines have a CE certificate and a 12-month warranty. CE version: - Chuck guard with limit switch - Front chip guard mounted on slide - Rear chip guard - Lead screw and feed screw covers - Brakes after emergency stop within 2 seconds Special accessories (used): - Three-jaw lathe chuck Ø 190 mm - Four-jaw lathe chuck Ø 190 mm - Three-jaw lathe chuck Ø 240 mm - Four-jaw faceplate Ø 320 mm - Support center for bed slide - Various chuck jaws (10 pieces) - Collet set Ø 2 - 25 mm with collet chuck + drawbar - Special collet set (10 pieces) with collet chuck - 4-way tool holder

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 1717, Used lead and feed screw lathe WEILER PRAKTIKANT Tedpfsuqb Emjx Aa Iec Centre height: 140 mm Distance between centres: 500 mm Spindle bore: 36 mm Spindle speeds: 42–2,000 rpm Equipped with RSF 3-axis digital readout, 1 pc 3-jaw chuck Ø160 mm, Chuck guard electrically interlocked, With Multifix toolpost size A with 3 holders Lever-operated collet device with 15 collets. The machine is located at our facility in 71334 Waiblingen-Beinstein and is immediately available. Viewing of the machine is possible by prior arrangement.

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1956, Lead and Feed Screw Lathe WEIPERT Year of manufacture: 1956 Spindle bore: 90 mm Centre distance: 3000 mm Swing over bed: 800 mm Todpfxew Ew D Do Aa Ijc Swing over cross slide: 610 mm Swing in gap: 1120 mm Speed range: 7.5 – 475 rpm Comes with the following accessories: Multifix toolholder with 11 inserts Coolant system 3-jaw chuck 315 mm 3-jaw chuck 400 mm 3-jaw chuck 500 mm Faceplate 400 mm Faceplate 800 mm Faceplate 1000 mm Travelling steady Various turning tools (30 insert tools) 2 revolving centres 1 drill chuck Operating manual

Condition: good (used), Vemag Filler & Depositor Model Robot 500 Year 2016 Complete with depositor Todpfx Ajz Hl Uhea Iec Just removed from production