Used Pavan Long Pasta Production Line for sale (25,489)

Year of construction: 2004, condition: excellent (used), The complete line includes: 1. GUSBI – 24 Station rotary table with PU ( polyurethane ) robot applicator. Brand : GUSBI Italy Model : PF24 Serial no. 4625 Year of production : 2004 Number of station : 24 Size of each station : 600mm x 500mm Power – 30 KW Pneumatic – 500nl/min by 8bar Output / shift 8h – 2.000 – 3.500 pcs. – depends on size and quantity filter on each station 2. Automatic Rotary Pleating Machine Brand : SAS Italy Model: PANELFILTER Type : 350/190 Power – 3,5 KW Pneumatic – 6 bar – minimal consumption Year of production 2004 No. of rotary rollers / blades / sets – 8 pcs. - pleat height 20mm - pleat height 28mm - pleat height 32mm - pleat height 36mm - pleat height 38mm Bedpfx Aegcvc Tsmmedc - pleat height 40mm - pleat height 48mm - pleat height 53mm - pleat height 60mm Machine is design ready for trapezoidal pleat pack. 3. Hot Melt dispenser / applicator : Brand : NORDSON USA Type : VA 025-4FFXX4, 400V Model : Versa Blue 8036-189 Serial no. LU04B01511 Year of production 2004 Tank size for HM : 50kg No of heads – 3 Power - 11 KW Pneumatic – 6 bar – minimal consumption 4. Aluminium moulds - 131 pcs. for 100 types of diffrent automotive air panel filters. Additional we offer transfer of know how & trainning.

Year of construction: 2012, condition: like new (used), EPS production line complete, see photos Bdodpfxjh N N Hbj Ammoc Capacity 80 m³/day (8h)

Year of construction: 2008, condition: ready for operation (used), Produces light sources in the form of tubes, product dimensions: 2-4x100-1200mm, including coating, cleaning, sealing, high vacuum station, labelling station and Compressor ALMIG LENTO 15. Bdodpfog Tvy Dex Ammjc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR MANUFACTURING ROOFING ELEMENTS 1. Profiling machine 2. Insulation element production system 3. AL foil preparation system 4. Gluing system 5. Auxiliary components, technical documentation, certificates Bodpfxeyv E Aio Ammjdc Types of roofing panels produced on the technological line: - Roofing panels with modular dimensions 1100 mm x 1070 mm - Roofing panels with half-module dimensions 550 x 1070 mm - Roofing panels without anti-condensation layer in various lengths (up to 6 m)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, CNC Profiling Center Weinig Conturex 2 for milling, drilling, and sawing in cross and longitudinal machining Bdedpeypb Adjfx Ammec Type C 124 Year of manufacture: 2011 Very good condition Oertli tool set Working width: 40–260 mm Working height: 25–150 mm PowerGrip clamping table, table support length: 2 x 2280 mm Workpiece length without repositioning cycle: 220–2700 mm Workpiece length with repositioning cycle: 2700–4500 mm Workpiece length with multiple repositioning cycles: 4500–6000 mm

Condition: good (used), Finger jointing line Grecon infeed cross buffer with packet formation 2 milling machines connected 600 mm table width each milling machine with glue rollers - automatic transfer - press pass endless - cross cut saw - outfeed roller conveyor with cross feed Bsdjh I Dufepfx Ammedc input length 500 - 4000 mm Plant is dismantled and available at short notice Control is defective new control with program included not installed, program not tested

Condition: new, INTEGRATED MODULAR SOLUTIONS FOR AUTOMATED CORRECTION BOX PRODUCTION Fully automated production lines for corrugated cardboard boxes Zemat Technology Group offers state-of-the-art, flexible, and fully automated production lines for corrugated cardboard boxes, engineered for the manufacturing of custom cartons. Key Benefits: - Fully customizable – Configurable to specific production requirements - Industry 4.0 ready – Integrated with JQS Job Queue System - High efficiency – Reduces production time and costs - Quick setup change – Less than 60 seconds setup time - Intelligent automation – Touchscreen HMI control with remote diagnostics via VPN Applications: - Shipping cartons - Custom pre-printed packaging - Special corrugated board boxes Why choose BOXMAT production lines? - Complete automation – From feeding to stacking - No special tools required – Fast setup & reduced downtime - Scalable & modular – Expand your production capacity as needed Increase your efficiency and streamline your workflow with the integrated modular solutions from Zemat Technology Group for the automatic production of corrugated cartons. Our cutting-edge production lines are designed for manufacturers demanding flexibility, precision, and automation. Bdodswvifnspfx Ammoc

Condition: used, Second hand line by TANG OG WEISS AS (DK) for packaging liquids into plastic bottles. Volume range from 50 ml to 750 ml. Bjdpfxeyi Ezks Ammjdc Working output of line: - for bottles volume 750 ml - up to 600 pcs/h - for bottles volume in range from 200 up to 400 ml - in range from 800 - 900 pcs/h, - for smaller volume bottles it is possible to assume a capacity in the range of 1000 to 1200 pcs/h. The line consists of: - Container of bottles produced by PACKFEEDER S.L. (Spain) model MN 100-4, - Filling-closing unit manufactured by TANG OG WEISS AS (DK) model TWKS. It includes filling module by TANG OG WEISS AS model TWRF, with two filling nozzles, stainless steel buffer tank with total volume 15 l, rotary table, caps feeder, arm for capping/cap tapping and plate conveyor, - Stainless steel lobe pump manufactured by SSP PUMPS (England) model L2-0017, for feeding the product to the buffer tank, - Labelling unit, by EME Etiketteringsmaskiner ApS. (Denmark) model 4-120 (4000 series) without printer, equipped with a plate conveyor, two pieces of self-adhesive label applicators (front and back of the packaging). Label feed height range: from 20 mm to 120 mm, label feed width range: from 10 mm to 250 mm, operating speed: 0-40 m/min, - Automatic packaging machine in heat-shrinkable film by SKINETTA PAC-SYSTEME GMBH & CO. (Germany) model ASK 450. The device wraps packages of 6 bottles with film and thermoform it. The entrance opening to the foil shrinking section has the following dimensions: width 440 mm, height 320 mm (year of manufacture 1994, no documentation), - Plate conveyors and control panels. The equipment includes a cabinet with formats for oval bottles with volumes: 50 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml, 750 ml, as well as manufacturer's documentation in Danish and a user manual in Polish. The line was produced in 2007.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, total length: 33,500 mm, input voltage: 415 V, type of input current: AC, Equipment: documentation/manual, BYSTRONIC / LENHARDT 4000 x 1600, IGU Line – Double Gas Press + Robot Autom. IGU Glass Production Line, h=1,6 m Double Gas Press, Sealing Robot | Right – Left Max. glass sizes: 4000 x 1600 mm, Year: 2004 – Washing and Drying Machine (8 brushes) with Inlet and Outlet Conveyor, Blower, – Frame Mounting Station, – Autom. Double Gas Press, – Sealing Robot, – Inlet and Outlet Conveyors. Bdodpfxexf Hm Ss Ammec In good working condition. Inspection is possible by appointment. Available: NOW

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1994, operating hours: 20,000 h, functionality: fully functional, year of last overhaul: 2022, Web width: 32"  Cylinder: 28 1/3" 9 pcs. 23 1/3" 8 pcs  Printing tower: 8 pcs.   Numbering tower: 1 pcs. Color control: Eltromat Polugraph Offcon 3 Camera: BST UV drying: 8 pcs of IST  Turnbars: 2 pcs. One between tower 2-3 and one between tower 4-5 Plow folder: Inline with 3 heads Blanket washing: Elettra Bodpfx Aougizaemmjdc Unwinder and rewinder A lot of spare parts

Condition: used, Breton Sample Line is the line for production of display samples in a wide range of materials and sizes Bdodpoxdi Rwefx Ammjc The samples that can be produced on the Samples Line are suitable for marketing and exhibition uses. The line can process several materials: quartz, granite, marble, and porcelain stoneware.

Condition: used, 1) PVC Double Head Welding Machine – Emmegi Fusion 2LV3440 Year of manufacture: 2011 Double head welding machine for PVC profiles. Machine in perfect working condition, regularly maintained annually, complete with manual. 2) PVC Corner Cleaning Machine – Emmegi / Rinaldi Trimmer E Year of manufacture: 2011 Automatic corner cleaning machine for PVC profiles, equipped with lateral support arms. Machine in working condition, regularly maintained, complete with manual. 3) Glazing Bead Cutting Machine – Emmegi Microbo 4200 DX Year of manufacture: 2008 Cutting machine dedicated to glazing beads, designed to ensure precision and repeatability. Included equipment: Bodpfx Amsywkc Rsmsdc Roller conveyor Electronic control system Machine in working condition, regularly maintained, complete with manual. 4) Single Head Cutting Machine – OMG mod. Bifra 550 Year of manufacture: 2006 Blade diameter: 550 mm Roller conveyors included Measuring handwheel included 5) Reinforcement Screwdriver Machine – Emmegi Fissa A Year of manufacture: 2012 Screwdriver machine for metal reinforcements used in window and door production. Machine in working condition. 6) Hardware Assembly Table – Emmegi BMF 3400 Year of manufacture: 2008 Table dedicated to hardware assembly for window and door frames. Complete with: Screwdriver Espagnolette system Hardware storage system Machine in working condition. 7) Testing and Glazing Table – Emmegi Vitro Year of manufacture: 2008 Table dedicated to testing and glazing operations for window frames. Machine in working condition. 8) Compressed Air System – NEW Year of manufacture: 2024 – never used Complete system for compressed air production and treatment, consisting of: Boge C12-2LF screw compressor, soundproofed, 11 kW, inverter, air flow from 530 to 2,020 l/min, super-silent version Vertical galvanized tank 725 liters, max pressure 10.8 bar, complete with safety valve and pressure gauge Electronic timed drain valve MTA CA Condensate water/oil separator MTA LP04 Compressed air dryer MTA DE-XG027, air flow 2,700 l/min 9) 4-Axis Machining Center – MECAL MC 304 ATLAS Year of manufacture: 2007 4-axis machine equipped with front working unit, specifically designed for aluminium processing. Maximum working length: 7430 mm X-axis working stroke: 7210 mm Y-axis (transversal) stroke: 550 mm Z-axis (vertical) stroke: 500 mm A-axis (rotating spindle axis): rotation range ±180° 10) Double Head Cutting Machine – TEKNA TK 145 Year of manufacture: 1994 Blade: Ø 500 mm Max cutting length: 4000 mm Blade inclination: outward 11) Cantilever Rack Structure Double-sided cantilever system, 1 double-sided block, 9 levels per side: Height: 9 m Max load per column side: 8,100 kg Max load per arm: 900 kg each 12) Single Head Copy Router – Rinaldi Magnum 360I Year of manufacture: 2003 The machine allows processing on four sides without repositioning the workpiece, ensuring maximum precision and operational continuity.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 180 h, functionality: fully functional, total length: 8,000 mm, total width: 1,200 mm, total height: 1,300 mm, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 400 V, power: 10 kW (13.60 HP), SOEST Universal Surface Line for oiling, staining, lye treatment, patination, etc. Primarily intended for parquet surfaces up to 40 cm workpiece width. 1) Roller Machine RCR-400-L Reverse, for applying and removing surface products such as oils, stains, lacquers, etc. 2) Distributor Machine VP-400-1B-2P-2B with one brush, two pad holders, and an additional two brushes, for distributing, working in, or patinating surface media in the pores and/or also for removing, distributing, and working in depending on the desired surface effects. 3) Accessories include two spare application rollers, a material pump (brand new, never used), four replacement brushes, various distributor pads, and a pneumatic brush cleaning machine. This complete surface finishing line is built for professional industrial use and is configured with a full set of equipment. A considerable amount of accessories for the system, such as extra rollers and cleaning machines, is also included (see photos!). Very robust construction, all motors frequency-controlled (Siemens). Speeds are steplessly adjustable for both forward and reverse operation. Maximum workpiece width is approx. 410 mm. The system is in very good condition, with little use—only approx. 180 operating hours—so it can be described as as-new. This surface processing line was only used as a backup line in parquet production and only for specific surface techniques, which explains the low operating hours (used sporadically from 2019 to 2022). In 2023, our company downsized and the system has been stored ever since or is immediately available, and therefore remains in nearly brand-new condition! This system is no longer used in our facility and is therefore being sold. The new price for this line was approx. €87,000 in 2019; the current selling price is negotiable! Inspection of this surface line is possible by appointment. Bdedpfx Asyaiafsmmoc If required, we can also offer 10 drying rack trolleys for sale with this system. (The YouTube video serves only as an example video of a similar system configuration!)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, Line for the production of round tubes and closed profiles from black and stainless steel, with diameters ranging from 20.0 mm to 70.0 mm and wall thicknesses from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm. Different diameter ranges are possible by manufacturing a suitable set of rollers. The tube or closed profile is formed by rolling the appropriately sized and thick steel strip using a roller set, then joined together by TIG welding. During production, the following processing steps are performed: a) grinding the weld seam b) calibration c) straightening d) and cutting to length The finished product, the 'raw tube', can be further processed to achieve the desired surface structure. Two main finishing processes are used: a) wet grinding using abrasive belts Bdodpfexmiirsx Ammjc b) and/or dry polishing using polishing wheels and compounds. CONSTRUCTION The tube/profiling line features automatic TIG welding by SAF: a) Tricathode NERTAMATIC 300 TR TIG inverter, 2 units b) Tricathode NETRINOX TH 500 TIG inverter, 1 unit c) Welding of 0.5 – 1.5 mm wall thickness products using E16 torch d) Welding of 1.5 – 3.5 mm wall thickness products using E25 torch e) RETRISAF cooling system 1.1 Steel strip coil support and decoiler 1.2 Roll forming stations a) entry station b) preliminary forming station c) main forming station 1.3 Welding segment – triple-electrode TIG welding heads with inert gas (argon) shielding 1.4 Weld seam cleaning station 1.5 Calibration station 1.6 Straightening station 1.7 Flying saw – product cutting to specified length Additional line components: 1.8 Bossi 4-head tube grinder Type: CPS 400x3000/4 Belt: 3000x150 mm 1.9 Bossi 2-head tube polisher Type: CP 400-2U

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, This line is designed for the production of all types of juices and compotes. It is engineered for continuous processing of the final product, with adjustable capacity up to 2,500 l/h for juices and up to approximately 700 l/h for apple compote. For products with viscosities between juices and compotes (such as purées), throughput ranges from approximately 700 to 1,500 l/h. The line is suitable for a wide variety of applications, including pomegranate juice, apple compote, and similar products. The processing line is capable of heating the selected flow from an adjustable inlet temperature between 30°C/50°C (or as low as 20°C for juices) up to a pasteurisation temperature of 95°C, before cooling the product down for pouch filling, with a setpoint temperature at 75/80°C. INCLUDES: - LOAD CELLS FOR ACCURATE DOSING/MIXING - AUTOMATIC CIP CLEANING SYSTEM - MULTITUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER THE LINE CONSISTS OF: - 2 TANKS: - BRAND: SACOME - AGITATOR MOTOR POWER: 2 HP EACH Bdsdpfx Aoynkgcjmmsc - MANHOLE INCLUDED - EQUIPPED WITH STAINLESS STEEL VACUUM PUMP - TOTAL TANK HEIGHT: 1.90 M - INTERNAL DIAMETER: 1.18 M - CAPACITY: 2,000 LITRES (EACH) - 1 DEAERATOR TANK: - BRAND: SACOME - CAPACITY: 700 LITRES - 45° CONICAL BOTTOM - SIDE MANHOLE INCLUDED.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, A complete production line for round timber processing, featuring frame saw technology as its core. The line is capable of processing logs with a top diameter of 15 cm and a butt diameter of up to 55 cm, in lengths from 2.5 to 9.5 meters. The technology consists of: 1) Log cascade for timber up to 10 meters in length, with dosing system 2) G710 frame saw, Královopolské strojírny - Equipped with a dosing carriage mounted on rails, featuring hydraulic centering of the piece - Output of the frame saw is fitted with separating wedges for distinguishing main and side lumber - The saw is powered by a 55 kW electric motor - Detailed description available in a separate file - The frame saw is followed by roller conveyors - Main lumber is returned via conveyors and directed to the second frame saw - Side boards are continuously transferred to the cascade, which delivers them to the edging center 3) G560 frame saw, Královopolské strojírny Bodpfx Amoxa Ettemedc - Equipped with a dosing carriage mounted on rails, featuring hydraulic centering of the piece - Output of the frame saw is fitted with separating wedges for distinguishing main and side lumber - The saw is powered by a 45 kW electric motor - Detailed description available in a separate file - The frame saw is followed by a roller conveyor directing side boards to the cascade of the edging center - Main lumber is extracted immediately after being sawn, placed onto a carriage on rails, and, after package completion, pulled out of the sawmill using a winch 4) Edging center, Strojírny Loučná n. Desnou - Maximum cutting height 26 mm, cutting width 70 – 370 mm, total power consumption 29.2 kW - Detailed description available in a separate file - Side boards are dosed into the edging center via the vertical cascade - If required, boards are first cut to the desired production length, which can be set to fixed values or optimized for yield maximization - After cross-cutting, boards are edged to fixed widths in order to maximize lumber yield. Edged boards are then automatically transported via conveyors into storage bins according to their cut length. The final product is width-unsorted side lumber, typically with a width of 80 mm or more.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 08020115, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, Sausage production line Stuffer Brand Vemag Model HP 12E Year of production 2016 Power 16kW Voltage 400-460V 27A 3~50/60Hz Portioner Brand Vemag Model LPG 209 servo Dimensions 1800X850X1400 Hanger Bdsdpfx Amevztr Demsc Brand VEMAG Model AH212 Dimensions 4500X800X1500

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Bio Machines has been designing production lines, manufacturing machinery, and providing assembly services for over 20 years. We offer both complete production lines and individual machines, tailored to your needs. Our solutions include: Pellet production lines Briquette production lines Drying systems: rotary and belt-type Hammer mills Moving floors Feed bins Wood chippers Chain, bucket, screw, and belt conveyors Cyclones Silos Pellet coolers Sawdust and pellet sifters Bagging machines for small bags and big bags Palletizing lines for bags And many other specialized machines Bedpfsylm Tyex Ammsdc

Year of construction: 2016, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MT-108/2016, We are offering a used IPVET EPS/MW Custom Sandwich Panel Production Line, manufactured in 2016. The machine has seen very little use. Manufacturer: IPVET Model: EPS/MW Custom Sandwich Panel Year of Manufacture: 2015 Condition: Used Category ID: 1059 Type: EPS/MW Sandwich Panel Production Line The EPS/MW (Expanded Polystyrene/Mineral Wool) sandwich panel production line is suitable for the manufacture, staging, and packaging of assorted types and sizes of sandwich panels with insulation. The line includes all necessary electrical circuits, hydraulic system, and control units required for operation. The production line is capable of manufacturing the following products: - EPS roof panels with insulating thicknesses: 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, 200mm - EPS wall panels with insulating thicknesses: 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, 200mm - MW roof panels with insulating thicknesses: 80mm, 100mm, 120mm - MW wall panels with insulating thicknesses: 80mm, 100mm, 120mm Raw materials used in production: - 0.4-0.7mm x 1250mm pre-painted, galvanized steel sheet - EPS 80 Expanded Polystyrene boards - MW Mineral Wool (Spanrock XL) - Adhesive (polyol) - Adhesive (isocyanate) Machine Units/Equipment included in the Sandwich Panel Production Line: The EPS/MW sandwich panel production line is a comprehensive system consisting of several machines and equipment. The production line comprises the following units: 2.1. Decoiler for external steel sheet with trolley 2.2. Trapezoidal roller conveyor 2.3. Shearing knife for cutting steel sheet 2.4. Micro-corrugation roller conveyor 2.5. Edge-forming roller conveyor for standard joint outer facing 2.6. Edge-forming roller conveyor for concealed joint outer facing 2.7. Decoiler for internal steel sheet with trolley 2.8. Shearing knife for cutting steel sheet 2.9. Micro-corrugation roller conveyor 2.10. Edge-forming roller conveyor for internal facing 2.11. EPS/MW insulation dispenser unit 2.12. Insulation material conveyor belt 2.13. EPS/MW insulation trimming knives 2.14. Adhesive application unit 2.15. Pump 2.16. Adhesive spreading unit 2.17. Laminating roller conveyor 2.18. Cutting saw 2.19. Accordion roller conveyor Bodpfxoyw Tmlj Ammjdc 2.20. Roller discharge table 2.21. Stacking and flipping unit 2.22. Transport trolley for stacking 2.23. Packaging unit 2.24. Chain conveyor unit for material handling If you have any questions or require further information, please send us a message or call us.

Year of construction: 2012, condition: excellent (used), Window production line WEINIG consists of: Unirex 3000 machining center Univar 15 Unitex 15 Bodoh H Iyxjpfx Ammjdc

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2001, Working width 40-170 mm Bjdpfx Aeqa Dq Ijmmsdc Thickness 9-50 mm 6 operator motors of 7.5 KW each

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, Complete line consisting of: 1. Angelo Cremona Veneer Peeler – detailed description available below 2. Angelo Cremona Dryer – description and photos available in the listings 3. CMP Press – description and photos available in the listings 4. Imeas Sander – description and photos available in the listings 5. Raute Composer – description and photos available in the listings PEELING PLANT Comprising of: Centering Loader 1. Model CE08 2. Angelo Cremona 3. Positions logs for loading onto the veneer peeler 4. Power supply: 400Vac/50Hz – 50kW Maximum hydraulic pressure: 100 bar Compressed air consumption: 0 L/min Weight: kg Maximum dimensions: 600x300x400 mm 5. Production capacity: 4 logs per minute Veneer Peeler 1. Model SFH870 2. Angelo Cremona 3. Peels a sheet of wood from the rotation of the log 4. Power supply: 400Vac/50Hz – 240kW Maximum hydraulic pressure: 100 bar Compressed air consumption: 10 L/min Maximum dimensions: 600x400x300 mm 5. Production capacity: 50 cubic meters per shift Cutting and Sorting Line Bodpfx Aovm An Eemmodc 1. Model TSR27 2. Angelo Cremona 3. Transports the peeled ribbon to the guillotine for optimized sheet cutting 4. Power supply: 400Vac/50Hz – 70kW Maximum hydraulic pressure: 100 bar Compressed air consumption: 0 L/min Maximum dimensions: 300x200x200 mm 5. Production capacity: 50 cubic meters per shift Sorting Line and Vacuum Stacker 1. Model LTR27 2. Angelo Cremona 3. Separates and stacks recovered sheets from full-size sheets 4. Power supply: 400Vac/50Hz – 180kW Compressed air consumption: -- Maximum dimensions: 300x1300x500 mm 5. Production capacity: 50 cubic meters per shift

Condition: used, A fully assembled and working pellet production line with a capacity of up to 3 tons per hour is for sale. The factory is little used – only 16,000 tons were produced, it is in very good technical and visual condition. Ideal for professional production of pellets from wood biomass, agrobiomass or other raw materials. No additional premises are required for the installation of the plant, the pellet press is already built into the container. The line includes: Press and mill: Salmatec Maxima 700 – reliable German quality with high efficiency and long-term stability. Transport and dosing equipment: Rematec – robust and accurate material supply at all stages. Tent shelter. Additional equipment: cyclones, sieves, cooler, control panel, etc. All DWG files, drawings for the foundations of the equipment are available. Main advantages: Bsdpfx Amsx S Egmemsdc Large production capacity – up to 3 t/h. High quality components from European manufacturers. Ability to adapt to usage of different raw materials. Line in working order – can be demonstrated in operation. Available immediately.

Condition: excellent (used), OMEV Pallet Production Line - Fully automatic - corner milling - stacker - sign burning Bedjuz Igaepfx Ammjdc

Condition: excellent (used), STORTI Pallet Production Line Bdsdsuz Ibdspfx Ammoc - Fully automatic - corner milling - stacker - sign burning