Used Bernardo Band Saw Bernardo S630P for sale (8,535)

Condition: used, cutting diameter 420 mm saw band length 5744 x 1,3 x 41 mm cutting width 420 mm cutting speed 15 - 110 m/min 7,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 3,5 t Bodpfszdk Hgjx Aa Ieln dimensions of the machine ca. 2,9 x 2,4 x 2,1 m Hydraulic band saw machine with - Material feed 1000mm - Motorized saw blade tension - Emergency stop device - Replacement saw bands

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, cutting diameter 290 mm capacity 90 degrees: flat 320 x 290 mm capacity 45 degrees: flat re 240 x 150 mm capacity 45 degrees: round re 240 mm capacity 60 degrees: flat re 150 x 180 mm capacity 60 degrees: round re 150 mm capacity 45 degrees: flat li 240 x 100 mm capacity 45 degrees: round li 240 mm turning speed range: 20 - 100 m/min saw band length 3100 x 27 x 0.9 mm power capacity 2.4 kW weight of the machine ca. 570 kg range L-W-H 1800 x 950 x 1550 mm Current list price: approx. 12.000 euros Special price upon request Features: - Semi-automatic electro-hydraulic band saw (INDUSTRIE) - Suitable for single-piece and small-batch production - Large, ball-bearing-mounted cast-iron rotary table * For miter cuts from 45° left to 60° right - Hydraulic cutting feed Material clamping - Continuously variable band speed (Model "F") - Ergonomic control panel - Micro-spray lubrication system (spray oiler) Blodpfxszv Ulwo Aa Isn - 2x PEGAS roller conveyor - Operating instructions in German * Semi-automatic work cycle: After the cycle starts, the vise closes automatically; the saw frame lowers for the cut and automatically raises back to the predefined starting position once the cut is complete. Afterward, the vise opens.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, machine/vehicle number: 39-0255, functionality: unexamined, input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: three-phase, Horizontal metal bandsaw, Bauer S 380, manufactured in 1993. Machine no. 39-0255, motor power 2.2 kW, connection 380 V. Saw band 4,450 x 32 x 1.1 mm. Material clamping device with handwheel, coolant system, control panel with pressure gauge and emergency stop. Roller conveyor, 3 meters in length, for material feeding is included. Blodpfx Asz A Umfea Ijn Location: Homburg (Saar), Germany. Inspection by appointment only. Price on request, net plus VAT, ex-works; dismantling and loading by arrangement. All information without guarantee.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, machine/vehicle number: 60227, Offer 26293 Hydraulic Horizontal – Two-Column Miter Bandsaw Machine Technical data: - Automatic operation for the cutting process, hydraulic lifting and lowering of the saw frame - Manual miter adjustment to the left and right with clamping - Saw band dimensions 4400 x 34 x 1.1 mm - Cutting speed, continuously adjustable 15 - 150 m/min - Cutting pressure regulation, continuously adjustable 10 - 15 bar - Lowering speed 0 - 300 m/min - Cutting range: - at 90°: round 335 mm - at 90°: square/rectangular 500 x 335 mm - at 45°: round 330 mm - at 45°: square 320 x 335 mm - at 30°: square 170 x 335 mm Bljdjzz Rbljpfx Aa Ien - Miter adjustment with digital angle display - Outfeed roller conveyor with dimension stop 6000 mm - Infeed roller conveyor 4000 mm - Drive 400 V / 6.5 kW - Space requirement approx. W 1500 x H 1850 x D 2100 mm - Weight approx. 1500 kg

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, Universal machines for a Bjdezzkyujpfx Aa Ijln wide range of applications Reliable and robust band sawing machines, machines for a long service life

Condition: used, roll diameter 400 mm throat 400 mm table-size 610 x 500 mm saw band length 2780 - 2980 mm turning speeds 22 - 147 m/min weight of the machine ca. 0,4 t dimensions of the machine ca. 0,6 x 0,8 x 1,9 m Bandsaw with - Ideal welding unit Blsdpfozhn U Nox Aa Ien - Grinding unit - Machine light

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, working width: 1,015 mm, cutting height (max.): 310 mm, cutting width (max.): 1,015 mm, FICEP KATANA K100 + K60 - TWO REFURBISHED STRUCTURAL-STEEL BAND SAWS | BUNDLE OFFER Bedpfewd Ugtjx Aa Isln Two automatic Ficep mitre band saws of the Katana series: the K100 (year 2011, profiles up to approx. 1000 mm) and the smaller K60 (profiles up to approx. 600 mm). Both designed for economical cutting of solid material, profiles and tubes in steel and non-ferrous metals. AVAILABLE INDIVIDUALLY OR AS A PACKAGE. CONDITION & REFURBISHMENT Both machines have been overhauled and inspected by a certified technician, ready for operation. - The exact scope of reconditioning varies per machine and is disclosed individually upon serious interest. - Viewing possible by arrangement (machines reconditioned - no demonstration under power). FUNCTION & APPLICATION Automatic mitre band saws for profile processing in structural steelwork: beam, tube and flat material as well as solid material in steel, aluminium and non-ferrous metals. Motorised feed with infinitely variable cutting speed, hydraulic clamping systems, CNC-controlled mitre cuts and cutting programs. The K60 is additionally prepared for the DSTV data interface (import from CAD/CAM). Applications: steel fabrication shops, steel and semi-finished trading, industrial pre-fabrication. --- MACHINE 1: FICEP KATANA K100 (YEAR 2011) --- Horizontal CNC mitre band saw for large structural-steel cross-sections. Hydraulic blade tensioning, dual automatically pre-settable blade guidance, integrated cooling/lubrication. - Year: 2011 | Serial number: 33111 - Cutting width at 90 deg: 1015 mm | Cutting height at 90 deg: 310 mm - Min. profile size at 90 deg: 60 x 10 mm - Cutting width at +/-45 deg: 610 mm | Cutting height at +/-45 deg: 310 mm - Max. mitre angle: +/-60 deg - Saw blade: 7880 x 41 x 1.3 mm | Blade speed: 60-170 m/min - Blade motor: 9 kW | Control: Ficep CNC - Hydraulic blade tensioning, dual blade guidance (fixed/mobile side) - Synchronised cleaning brush, integrated cooling/lubrication system - Hold-downs and workpiece vices: hydraulic, independent --- MACHINE 2: FICEP KATANA K60 --- Horizontal CNC double-mitre band saw for medium cross-sections. Hydraulic horizontal and vertical clamping, minimum-quantity lubrication, Mitrol CNC with Pegaso software. - Year and serial number: on request (to be confirmed on the name plate) - Cutting range at 90 deg: 610 x 310 mm - Cutting range at 45 deg: 400 x 300 mm | at 60 deg: 250 x 250 mm - Mitre angle range: +45 / -60 deg | Min. profile height: 60 mm - Saw blade: 34 x 1.1 x 6350 mm - Blade motor: 7 kW | Control: Mitrol CNC, Pegaso software - Data interface: DSTV | Remote diagnostics via network - Hydraulic horizontal/vertical clamping, minimum-quantity lubrication (MQL) - Operating mode: standalone or as combined line with drill unit Machine weights and dimensions for both machines follow on request. LOGISTICS & LOCATION Location: Ulft (Netherlands), directly at the German border. Dismantling, transport, installation and commissioning by ASM by arrangement - individually calculated upon request. ABOUT ASM Arendsen Steel Machinery (ASM): specialist for refurbished Ficep structural-steel machinery. Further Ficep machines on request. CONTACT / INQUIRY Price on request - individually or as a bundle | Viewing by arrangement. Sale exclusively to commercial customers (B2B).

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, machine/vehicle number: 15453 91, functionality: unexamined, Vertical metal bandsaw, Heska SB 4, manufactured in 1991. Machine no. 15453 91, band length 3,200 to 3,400 mm. Band welding device with shear on the stand, height-adjustable upper band guide with protection. Cutting data selector dial, work light, work table with groove profile. Blsdpfxoz A Umxe Aa Ion Location: Homburg (Saar), Germany. Inspection by appointment only. Price on request, net plus VAT, ex works; dismantling and loading by arrangement. All information without guarantee.

Condition: used, power: 2.2 kW (2.99 HP), pivoting range: 45 °, total height: 2,250 mm, total length: 1,300 mm, total width: 850 mm, overall weight: 500 kg, No. 04532 Band saw Kölle BG 63 Used Wheel diameter 630 mm Motor power 2.2 kW Saw blade length 4340 - 4500 mm Table dimensions 680 x 645 mm LW Saw table tiltable 0° - 45° Upper saw blade guide with guide rollers Dust extraction connection Incl. 3 spare saw blades Incl. operating manual Transport dimensions on pallet approx. 1300 x 850 x 2250 mm LWH Weight approx. 500 kg To avoid possible misunderstandings, an on-site inspection by appointment is possible and recommended Sold as is Technical specifications, condition description, year of construction and scope of delivery according to manufacturer’s brochure or previous owner, without guarantee Subject to prior sale For used machines, any warranty is excluded, the following applies: “sold as seen” Payment terms: Prices plus VAT, payment before collection or shipment Bedpfx Aaez Eu Tdo Ioln Delivery terms: ex warehouse

Condition: new, cutting diameter 300 mm capacity 90 degrees: flat 330 x 250 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 250 x 250 mm capacity 45 degrees: round 260 mm capacity 45 degrees: flat 260 x 200 mm capacity 60 degrees: round 180 mm capacity 60 degrees: flat 170 x 170 mm band speed 15 - 100 m/min dimensions of saw-band 3650 x 27 x 0.9 mm Control MEP CNC total power requirement 2.2 kW weight 1190 kg Fully automatic electro-hydraulic band saw, featuring additional operating modes: * semi-automatic * semi-automatic dynamic * manual Description: - Robust, fully automatic electro-hydraulic band saw (INDUSTRIAL grade) * MEP Direct control technology * User interface with intuitive 10" touchscreen display * Mechanical buttons for saw operating functions * Guarantees reliable, simple, and intuitive operation * Real-time monitoring of all cutting parameters * Pivoting arm allows for convenient and safe operation * Display and logging of alarm and error messages * Massive data storage: up to 100,000 programs and 9,999 cutting sequences - Miter cuts in automatic cycle from 0° to 60° left - Semi-automatic, semi-automatic dynamic, and manual cycles Bedpfx Aaoz Albij Ijln * Miter cuts from 45° right to 60° left - Selectable manual or semi-automatic dynamic cycle * For performing cuts without programming - Protective enclosure for operator safety - Infinitely variable cutting speed regulation from 15 to 100 m/min * Via frequency inverter - Latest-generation hydraulic power unit * High performance with low energy consumption - Material feed via stepper motor and recirculating ball screw * Mounted on opposed ball bearings * Repeatable 600 mm single stroke for cutting any length - Saw head positioning and feeder movement via joystick - Automatic detection of the initial cut position - Manual band tension monitoring with display readout * Via electronic transducer - Automatic cutting load monitoring * Via a servo valve mounted directly on the cylinder - Coolant tank integrated into the machine base - Chip-clearing brush - Bi-metal saw blade for solid and profile material - Tools and operating instructions with spare parts list * Angularity = 2/12 degrees * Length accuracy = +/- 0.1 mm per feed stroke Manufacturer information – please note: If this saw is installed on a mains circuit equipped with a residual current device (RCD), the RCD must be universal-current sensitive (Type B) and rated at no less than 300 mA.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, cutting range 300 mm capacity 90 degrees: flat 330 x 260 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 260 x 260 mm capacity 45 degrees: round 260 mm capacity 45 degrees: flat 270 x 200 mm capacity 45 degrees: square 250 mm capacity 60 degrees: round 180 mm capacity 60 degrees: flat 170 x 170 mm capacity 60 degrees: square 180 mm automatic feeds 9999,9 mm feed minimum 2.0 mm cutting diameter minimum 5.0 mm band speed 15 - 100 m/min vice 340 mm Öffnung dimensions of saw-band 3650 x 27 x 0,9 mm Control MEP CNC total power requirement 2.2 kW weight 1240 kg range L-W-H 1800 x 1900 x 1750 mm actual NEW price about 23.000 Euro special price on request Equipment: - robust electro-hydraulic fully automatic band saw (INDUSTRY) - with additional semi-automatic function, for cuts from 0° to 60° left - WINDOWS “CE” based MEP 50 – control and 7” touch screen display * simple and quick setting of all machine parameters * with additional soft keys + backlit display * 10 programs, each with a maximum of 9999 pieces and . a maximum length of 9999.9 mm - material feed with stepper motor via ball screw * single stroke 600 mm repeatable to saw any length * accuracy of ± 0.1/600 mm - feeder with protective cover and safety limit switch - precise setting of the cutting feed with indication in mm/min - positioning of the saw head and movement of the feeder using a joystick - automatic detection of the start of the cut - large deflection discs, adjustable from cast steel - Saw blade tension with blade tension control and display - Hard metal blade guides for maximum cutting precision - Automatic monitoring of the cutting load - Vice with quick adjustment * with interchangeable clamping and stop jaws - Large, laterally extendable chip tray and coolant container * equipped with 2 electric pumps for lubricating and cooling the saw blade * Coolant gun for cleaning the machine - Chip removal brush for cleaning the saw blade - Operating instructions DE Information from the manufacturer: When installing this saw in a network with a residual current device (FI), this should be universally current sensitive Bodszkbn Uspfx Aa Isln and not less than 300 mA.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, Used manual bandsaw by Thomas Type ZIP 35 Manual, single-sided mitre cut Bljdpfoyhmgljx Aa Ijn Capacity 250 x 350 mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Holzkraft band saw HBS 633 S (IE3) In a heavy professional version with a saw blade quick-clamping system for professional users Article number: 5150063 DESCRIPTION Heavy professional version with a high weight for maximum smooth running Particularly smooth and precise running thanks to the torsion-free machine housing Large-dimensioned gray cast iron saw table made from one piece, swivels from 0° to +45° with a ground and polished surface Patented table tilting device with handwheel and rack Saw blade quick clamping Bledpfx Asvk Sfboa Ien Precision saw blade roller guide Fast and precise cutting height adjustment via handwheel and rack with millimeter scale Safety switch for automatic shutdown when the door is opened Large cast parallel stop With angle stop as standard Table tilt via rack and handwheel TECHNICAL DATA Dimensions and weights Length (product) approx. 1190mm Width/depth (product) approx. 820mm Height (product) approx. 2063mm Weight (net) approx. 377.7kg Extraction connection Extraction nozzle diameter 2 x 120mm Work table(s) Work table length 830mm Work table width 600mm Work table height 830mm Work table inclination 0 – 45° Explanation of work table inclination For safety reasons, a holding device/stop must be installed from 20° to prevent the wood from slipping! Electrical data Connection voltage 400V Mains frequency 50Hz Output power 4.1kW Cutting ranges Cutting height max. 90° 400mm Cutting width max. with stop 570mm Cutting width max. without stop 610mm Saw blade Saw blade speed(s) 1615m/min Flywheel diameter 630mm Saw blade length 4600mm Saw blade guide Precision guide top and bottom Location: from stock 54634 Bitburg - available immediately -

Condition: excellent (used), vertical band saw Make Heska type ES 5 throat 500 mm maximum cutting height 310/270 mm Bljdpfx Aastr Emms Ion table size 600 x 600 mm Table can be tilted Band welder IDEAL type BS=-16 Saw band speed infinitely variable width 1070 mm Depth 800 mm Height 1960 mm with pallet Weight 360 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, power: 5 kW (6.80 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input current: 16 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, cutting height (max.): 280 mm, cutting width (max.): 280 mm, total height: 1,590 mm, total length: 2,680 mm, total width: 2,540 mm, overall weight: 1,750 kg, Equipment: chip conveyor, rotational speed infinitely variable, The KASTO SBA 280 AU is a powerful horizontal bandsaw automation system for the precise and economical cutting of solid and profile materials in general mechanical engineering as well as in series and single-item production. With a cutting diameter of up to 280 mm and a cutting range of 280 x 280 mm at 90°, the machine is particularly suitable for the reliable cutting of various materials and cross-sections. The robust design in combination with a continuously adjustable cutting speed of 17 – 90 m/min enables optimal adaptation to the respective material and ensures clean, dimensionally accurate cutting results. The feed unit allows feed lengths of 600 mm (single) or up to 5400 mm (multiple) – for an efficient, largely automated material flow with minimal scrap length from 30 mm. Bledpfxozk Hacj Aa Ion The core of the system is the proven KASTO Compact Control, which offers intuitive operation, simple programming of cutting lengths and quantities, and a high level of process reliability in automatic operation. The integrated coolant system ensures optimal cutting conditions and a long service life of the saw blade, while the chip conveyor ensures clean and trouble-free chip removal. With a compact footprint of approximately 2.68 x 2.54 x 1.59 m and a machine weight of approximately 1.75 t, the SBA 280 AU offers high stability and smooth running, which has a positive effect on cutting quality and service life. Overall, it is a reliable and versatile bandsaw automation system that combines precision, performance and economy in industrial production. --- Optional Accessories A conveyor belt in lengths of 310 cm and 420 cm can be purchased separately to match the machine – for an optimized material flow and comfortable handling of the cut material. --- You are welcome to inspect the machine in our factory while it is running. If you are interested, we will gladly send you demonstration videos of the machine. Upon request, we offer delivery and commissioning of the machine as a comprehensive, all-inclusive package. You are in the best hands with us – professional, reliable and with a passion for machines! PS CNC Service Germany GmbH & Co. KG

Condition: excellent (used), Bandsaw Manufacturer: Kolle Model: SR 400 Throat depth: 380 mm Cutting height: 300 mm Table size: 600 x 550 mm Table surface tilting and swiveling Width: 950 mm Depth: 770 mm Bjdpfxsxcx Txj Aa Ioln Height: 1860 mm

Condition: used, Technical details: dimensions of saw-band: 5750 mm throat: 605 mm workpiece height: 460 mm Bsdpfxoy Rm T Ej Aa Ioln max. table load: 250 kg table - inclinable: 15 -30 Grad band speed: 27 - 2200 m/min table height: 1125 mm Table dimensions: 740 x 785 mm motor capacity: 5,5 kW machine weight approx.: 1750 kg dimension machine approx.LxWxH: 1,82 x 0,97 x 2,55 m Machine is sold without electrical control cabinet! This machine was integrated into a production system and operated as part of a larger manufacturing process. The Mössner Rekord SSF 630 is a heavy-duty vertical industrial band saw designed for metal and special materials. It belongs to the renowned REKORD series by Mössner (Germany) and is considered an extremely robust and precise machine for workshop and industrial applications. The SSF 630 is suitable for sawing: ·Steel ·Stainless steel ·Aluminum ·Tool steel ·Plastics · Special materials *

Condition: used, CATALOGUE NUMBER 7585 Technical data: - Wheel diameter: 630mm - Table dimensions: 850x810mm - Table adjustable in angle - Motor: 3kW - Max cutting height: 320mm - Blade-to-body overhang: 600mm - Diameter of dust extraction port: 90mm - Brake - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1300x830x2050mm - Weight: 420kg Advantages: - Polish production - DTR documentation - Very good condition - Used saw Net price: 8500 PLN Net price: 1977 EUR Bjdpfx Aaszx R Ugs Ijln Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.30 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1989, Elektra Beckum Bandsaw BAS 450 DB Year of manufacture: 1989 Cutting height: 300 mm Blade length: 3,380 mm Bodpfx Ajyy U Txja Ioln Motor power: 1.5 kW Weight: approx. 120 kg Location: ex stock 54634 Bitburg - immediately available - Subject to prior sale

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Plaintiff: Kläger VBS 405 S Vertical bandsaw / metal bandsaw Manufacturer: Kläger Type: VBS 405 S Condition: used, very good Year of manufacture: 2006 Cutting width: 400 Table tilt right/left 45°/15° Table size: 607 x 607 mm Saw band width: 3-20 mm Saw band length: 3300-3400 mm Band speed: 15 - 300 m/min Length: 1120 mm Width: 740 mm Bljdozy Stgspfx Aa Ien Height: 1930 mm Weight: 510 kg - Ideal saw band welding device - Original documentation - Machine feet

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, serial number 720340 weight 400 kg volt 380 V Bodpfx Aoztfx Nsa Ioln band length 3400 mm band length min. 3200 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, power: 8 kW (10.88 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, cutting height (max.): 550 mm, cutting width (max.): 650 mm, total length: 2,250 mm, total width: 3,700 mm, overall weight: 2,400 kg, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, lighting, motor brake, For sale: immediately available, fully operational vertical bandsaw, Friggi 104/FG 700 TS, manufactured in 2000. Work surface: 1200mm x 1500mm Table load capacity: 1000kg Vertical cutting capacity: 550mm Horizontal cutting capacity: 650mm Bsdpfxszvhr De Aa Ieln The machine is available for immediate delivery! Technical specifications can be found in the photo!

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Code: N0556 Brand: HAMMER - FELDER GROUP Model: N 3800 - CE Standard Band saw for cutting wood, plastics, composite materials and various - CE Standard Single-phase motor v. 220 - Kw 1,5 Blsdpfxjzqdymj Aa Ijn Flywheel diameter 380 mm Cutting height 310 mm Tiltable cast iron table -5/+45° Table dimensions 400 x 510 mm Roller guides above and below the table Blade length 3556 mm N° 2 blades supplied User manual Overall dimensions mm 700 x 600 x 1700 h

Condition: used, Technical details: cutting diameter: 280 mm saw band length: 3660 mm saw band width: 25 mm Cutting height: 280 mm Bodpfx Aeu Nih Iea Ijln application:: Metallsägearbeiten cutting width: 400 mm cutting speed: 35 - 70 stepless m/min machine weight approx.: K.A. kg dimension machine xH: 1,4 x 1,8 x 1,2 m robust and accurate automatic band saw miter cut possible incl. roller conveyor with access approx. 6000mm and exit 3700mm *

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, Available immediately. Behringer LPS 60 TA, manufactured in 2022, in excellent condition. This is a very special band saw; it operates fully automatically! - Auto feed control with cut monitoring - Saw band drive 5.5 KW - 10-120 M/min - 54 mm band - Clamping device for saw sections - Line laser Advantages of the LPS-TA table band saw Unsurpassed precision and cutting performance High cutting accuracy, smooth running, and long band life are due to the special, torsion-resistant design of the saw frame. Unique feature: the force transmission of the saw feed is located directly below the cutting point. Bsdpfx Aajzubxhs Ijln Advantages in material procurement By producing flat materials from large sheets, efficiency gains can be achieved in both storage and the purchase of raw materials. Clamping device for layered cuts (option) For sawing larger batch sizes, sheets can be stacked in layers and securely held in place using the optional vertical additional clamping device. Chip conveyor as standard Below the saw unit, directly in the direction of chip flow, there is a large-sized chip conveyor with an integrated coolant tank. Chips and coolant are collected and separated in this tank. For cleaning and maintenance work, the conveyor can be extended out of the machine frame. Powered duplex chip brushes effectively clean the saw band, thereby increasing tool life. The brushes are automatically adjusted to the saw band and ensure consistent cleaning performance. Automatic feed device Through the combination of an NC-controlled feed device and intelligent control, sheets can be separated into strips fully automatically. Servo feed system The use of the Behringer servo feed system creates a constant chip removal rate and utilizes the performance of modern saw bands more effectively. The rapid response of the servo feed system to the sensors of the cutting pressure control consistently prevents overloading and premature wear of the saw bands. Quick saw band change ensures the shortest possible setup times. In just two to three steps, the saw band can be moved to the change position. Band-guiding parts made of gray cast iron are made by Behringer and ensure vibration damping directly at the cutting point, thereby increasing tool life. Compact Due to its compact dimensions, the table band saw can be installed even in confined spaces. Movable material support table For easy loading and unloading by crane, the material table can be extended out from under the saw unit.