Used Nietmaschine / Riveting Machine for sale (64,648)

Year of construction: 2018, condition: good (used), Bagging line consisting of Incline Conveyor with Flights and product speed control Weigher 4 Dispensing Buckets Credpfoinbhtjx Adhsh PLC Controller for complete system In good working order

Condition: good (used), ZNHZ-508A Envelope Making Machine Paper weight 70 – 150 g/m² Production rate 3000 – 9000 pcs/h Maximum folded envelope size Western Style 324 x 229 mm Min. folded envelope size 100 x 100 mm Power 8 kW Weight 3000 kg Dimensions 6600 x 1200 x 1300 mm Year of manufacture 2014. Crodjz A H Sgopfx Adhjh Key advantages of the machine: – A bottom-mounted vacuum feeder allows for continuous material loading without stopping the machine. – A proprietary adjustable creasing and perforation system on the machine cylinder allows for loading material in the form of only the cut-out envelope outline. – Simple and easy adjustments simplify and shorten makeready time. – Standard bookbinding glue is applied from an inkwell through rotating rings with precise adjustment of its position and intensity. – Glue for the closure is also applied from an inkwell with precise adjustment of the intensity. – A vacuum suction system located on the cylinders allows for perfect folding of envelopes even at very high speeds. – The machine has two folding systems enabling double-closing of envelopes. – The electronic counting system is equipped with an electromagnetic separating device, allowing for separating envelopes, e.g., 50 pieces per envelope.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, turning diameter over bed 0800 mm turning diameter over slide rest 500 mm turning length 4000 mm spindle bore 105 mm spindle turning speed range 5,4 - 720 U/min workpiece weight 2500 kg bed width 600 mm spindle bore 105 mm longitudinal feeds: 0,05- 24,3 mm/U cross feed 0,05 - 12,15 mm/U rapid traverse 4 m/min main drive 11 kW total power requirement 14 kW weight of the machine ca. 8 t dimensions of the machine ca. 6,5 x 2,5 x 2 m Codpfoy Nd Siox Adhsrh With 4 position tool holder, face plate with safety cover, steady rest and DRO.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, machine/vehicle number: 250506-mxa-03, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, controller manufacturer: Raytools, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: MAX Photonics, laser power: 1,500 W, sheet thickness steel (max.): 15 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 6 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 6 mm, sheet thickness brass (max.): 4 mm, table length: 3,000 mm, table width: 1,500 mm, table height: 600 mm, working length: 3,000 mm, working width: 1,500 mm, cutting speed: 5,000 mm/min, input voltage: 380 V, input current: 45 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, type of cooling: water, overall weight: 2,400 kg, total length: 4 mm, total width: 3 mm, total height: 2 mm, warranty duration: 3 months, air pressure: 16 bar, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, emergency stop, Fiber laser metal cutting machine — 1500 W MAX Photonics (Senke SKL-1530F) Brand new, unused — still sealed in original factory export packaging (0 operating hours). Immediately available. High-precision, long-term stable and affordable fiber laser cutting for professional sheet-metal work. Ideal for metal fabrication shops and repair workshops. Delivered as a complete, ready-to-run package. Complete package — key features: ● MAX Photonics fiber laser source, 1500 W ● DELTA servo motors & drives (1500 W X/Y, 400 W Z) ● Raytools control system with RayTools BM110 cutting head ● Large 1500 x 3000 mm working area (fits a full standard sheet) ● Open-frame design — easy access and loading of oversized plates ● Reinforced, stress-relieved welded steel bed for lasting dimensional stability ● Taiwan YYC gear rack + HIWIN 25 square rails + TBI ball screw (Z) Crjdpfx Asztn N Djdhjh ● Positioning speed up to 150 m/min · cutting speed up to 7 m/min (material/thickness dependent) ● S&A industrial water chiller ● France Schneider electrics · SMC pneumatics · France Motoreducer · automatic central lubrication ● Included air compressor (15 kW, 1.6 MPa, 340 L tank) — enables low-cost cutting with compressed air, so bottled nitrogen/oxygen is reserved only for jobs that require it. Lower running costs and greater gas autonomy from day one. ● Included 30 kVA voltage stabiliser — stable power supply, protects the electronics ● Included spare consumables: 100 protective lenses + 100 copper nozzles — full starter set of wear parts Materials: carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminium, brass and other sheet metals — sheet-metal processing, auto parts, metal crafts, chassis/cabinets, kitchenware and similar industries. Sales exclusively to commercial businesses. Machine located in Jõhvi, Estonia — viewing by appointment; INCOTERMS: EXW

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 480 h, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: semi-automatic, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: MAX Photonics, laser source model: MFMC-6000W_ Pro-BKW1.0, laser hours: 480 h, laser power: 6,000 W, laser wavelength: 1,000 nm, sheet thickness (max.): 20 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 20 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 20 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 20 mm, sheet thickness brass (max.): 10 mm, sheet thickness copper (max.): 10 mm, table length: 3,106 mm, table width: 1,582 mm, working length: 3,000 mm, working width: 1,500 mm, working height: 100 mm, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 100 mm, feed rate X-axis: 100 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 100 m/min, workpiece weight (max.): 900 kg, input voltage: 400 V, input current: 33 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 11,800 kg, total length: 1,560 mm, total width: 5,900 mm, total height: 2,745 mm, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, emergency stop, safety light barrier, 2023 DNE LC3 3015 6kW Fibre Laser Cutting Machine - FAST SALE WANTED Used 2023 DNE LC3 3015 6kW CNC Fibre Laser Cutting Machine for Sale – 3000 x 1500mm – MAX Photonics 6000W Laser Source – Pallet Change Table Machine Manufacturer: DNE Model: LC 3 6000 Machine Type: Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Capacity: 3000 x 1500mm Year: 2023 Control: CNC Condition: Excellent Condition Price: Includes Decommissioning & Loading Built as part of the DNE/Bystronic fibre laser range, the LC3 combines high cutting speeds, straightforward operation and relatively low running costs compared with traditional CO2 laser cutting systems. Main Specifications Manufacturer: DNE Model: LC3 3015 Year: 2023 Machine Type: CNC Fibre Laser Cutting Machine Laser Power: 6kW / 6,000W Laser Source: MAX Photonics Fibre Laser Nominal Sheet Size: 3,000 x 1,500mm Approx. Cutting Area: 3,106 x 1,582mm Z-Axis Travel: Approx. 100mm Maximum Sheet Weight: Approx. 900kg Laser Source The machine is fitted with a: MAX Photonics 6kW / 6000W Fibre Laser Source MAX Photonics fibre laser technology is widely used in industrial sheet-metal cutting applications and offers efficient cutting with relatively low maintenance requirements. The 6kW power level provides a good balance between high-speed thin-sheet cutting and the ability to process heavier plate. Approximate Cutting Capacities Depending on material grade, assist gas, nozzle arrangement and cutting parameters, published capacities for the 6kW LC3 include approximately: Mild Steel: Up to 20mm Stainless Steel: Up to 20mm Aluminium: Up to 20mm Brass: Up to 10mm Copper: Up to 10mm Actual production cutting capacity, speed and edge quality will depend on the material specification and cutting parameters being used. Machine Performance Maximum X/Y Positioning Speed: Approx. 100m/min Maximum Simultaneous Positioning Speed: Approx. 140m/min Position Repeatability: Approx. 0.05mm Average Bilateral Position Deviation: Approx. 0.10mm Edge Detection Accuracy: Approx. ±0.5mm These characteristics make the LC3 suitable for both high-speed thin-sheet work and general production fabrication. Crodpfez D D N Ejx Adhoh Shuttle / Pallet Table System The DNE LC3 is designed with a sheet handling arrangement intended to minimise non-cutting time between jobs. Approximate Table Change Time: 24 seconds The rapid table exchange system allows the next sheet to be prepared while the machine is cutting, improving overall machine utilisation. Approximate Machine Dimensions Overall Length: Approx. 10,561mm Overall Width: Approx. 5,903mm Overall Height: Approx. 2,744mm Approximate Machine Weight: 11,800kg Transport dimensions and lifting requirements should be confirmed prior to collection. Please Note All specifications, cutting capacities, dimensions, weights and machine details quoted above are approximate and are provided for guidance only. Actual cutting performance will depend on material grade, assist gas, nozzle configuration, machine condition and cutting parameters. Prospective purchasers should verify all important specifications and operating requirements prior to purchase.

Year of construction: 2019, condition: like new (used), ETIKETT LABELLING MACHINE FOR SELF-ADHELSIVE LABELS Csdpoyynlzofx Adherh YOM 2019 NEW CONDITION WAS USED FOR STICKING LABELS WITH NECESSARY DESCRIPTION ON TETRA PAK PACKAGES STILL IN PRODUCTION TILL MAY 15TH

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, MAKE GER, MADE IN SPAIN MODEL RS 10/60 YEAR TABLE LENGTH 1300.0 mm TABLE WIDTH 600.0 mm TRAVEL X AXIS: 1600.0 mm Y AXIS: 600.0 mm MAX DISTANCE (TABLE TO WHEEL) 800.0 mm MAX WORKPIECIE WEIGHT 1000 KGS GRINDING WHEEL SIZE 400.0 x 100.0 x 127.0 mm SPINDLE SPEED MAX 1500 RPM MACHINE DIMENSIONS 4600.0 x 2700 x 2600.0 mm MACHINE WEIGHT 7600 KGS PLUS Csdpfx Adoy Du N Uehjrh ELECTROMAGNETIC CHUCK SIZE: 1000.0 X 600.0MM HYDRAULIC PACK COOLANT SYSTEM WHEEL MOUNTED DRESSER

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Soco T55 Random Carton Case / Carton Sealer / Box Taper With top and bottom tape heads With outfeed gravity roller conveyor 400 V, 3 Ph, 10 A Plastic rollers, roller width: 600 mm Credpohlp E Hjfx Adhoh Height adjustable legs Dimensions: 980 mm x 800 mm Conveyor dimensions 500mm long

Condition: used, New 2013 Table size 1474 x 356 mm X axis 1016 mm Y Axis 596 mm Z Axis 584 mm (Head Traverse) Spindle Speeds 40 – 5000 rpm & 40ISO 7.5 hp Spindle Drive. Codsyhdi Rjpfx Adhsrh Max Table load 850 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, PRODUCT TYPES: • Four side seal pouches • Quad seal pouches • Side seal pouches • Transverse zipper pouches • Gusset pouches • Bottom stick hole pouches • Micro-perforated pouches • Handle hole pouches • Round corner pouches MATERIALS: • LDPE • CPP • MCPP • AL • Nylon • PP • Laminated film structures MAIN TECHNICAL INFORMATION: Material thickness: 60–250 μm Max. web width: 1300 mm Max. roll diameter: 800 mm Core diameter: 3” and 6” Max. pouch width, quad seal: 400 mm Max. pouch length: 1000 mm Eye mark accuracy: ±1 mm Machine speed: 15–65 pcs/min Material speed: 40 m/min Main power: 400V, 50Hz, 3 phase Installed power: 100 kW Machine weight: approx. 18,000 kg Machine size: 33,500 × 4,200 × 1,800 mm POUCH SIZE RANGE: Quad seal / side welded width: 180–400 mm Gusset depth: max. 80 mm Minimum gusset depth: 30 mm Bag length: 360–1000 mm UNWINDING SECTION: • Air shaft unwinding • Magnetic powder brake • Dancing roller tension control • Servo-driven unwind system PERFORATION SYSTEM: • Micro perforation unit • Wheel type perforation • Additional perforation holes • Same type as existing machine configuration FOLDING SYSTEM: • Four side seal / quad bag folding wheel section SEALING AND COOLING SYSTEM: Mechanical press sealing system: Quad seal longitudinal sealing: 2 groups, 1010 mm Quad seal longitudinal cooling: 2 groups, 1010 mm Cross sealing station: 6 sets No. 1: K-seal No. 2: Gusset filling sealing No. 3: Cross seal, 740 mm length / 60 mm width No. 4: Cross seal, 740 mm length / 60 mm width No. 5: Cross seal, 740 mm length / 60 mm width No. 6: Cross cooling, 740 mm length / 60 mm width Additional 5 mm sealing section, upper and bottom PUNCHING SYSTEM: Tear slit / notch puncher 3-hole handle puncher Handle puncher: 20 × 80 mm, 3 sets Hole sizes: • 3 holes Ø20 mm • 20 × 80 mm • 24 × 77 mm Round corner puncher: 2 sets Puncher supports: 3 sets Bottom stick hole puncher: • 12 mm, 8 pcs • 16 mm, 8 pcs Vacuum system for punch waste removal DRIVE SYSTEM: Main motor: 3.5 kW Back draw roller servo: 3.5 kW Front draw roller servo: 3.5 kW Middle draw roller servo: 3.5 kW Longitudinal independent sealing servo: 5 kW × 2 Unwind servo motor: 1.5 kW × 1 / 3.5 kW × 1 Tension control servo: 3.5 kW × 1 Flying knife servo: 1.5 kW × 1 Manipulator sucker drive: 0.75 kW × 1 Finished product carrier counting drive: 0.75 kW × 1 CONTROL SYSTEM: • PLC control • 10” touch screen • Suitable for printed and unprinted bags • 16 temperature control zones • Individual temperature display • Temperature tolerance: ±2°C • High-sensitive eye mark sensor • Adjustable eye mark position STACKING SYSTEM: • Simple type stacking table • Static removal system • Automatic stop when machine stops • Alarm for bag output range: 25–100 bags • Step motor belt control • Belt width: 60 mm • Adjustable batch and belt length SAFETY SYSTEM: • Safety light curtain • Emergency pulling rope • Emergency buttons every 2 meters • Individual emergency control INCLUDED OPTION: ZIPPAK transversal zipper attachment Transversal zipper unwinder and rewinder Innolock / Velcro zipper capability Tooling for 3 zipper sizes: • 180–220 mm • 230–300 mm • 310 mm Micro-perforation holes Bottom stick hole puncher Trim rewinders Cjdozf Nk Topfx Adhsrh Chiller

Year of construction: 1997, condition: used, The equipment will be available for sale starting March 2027, as it is currently still in use within the production process Please state your offer price. Price without packaging and transportation; Payment in advance. You need to make us a price offer is you are interested about the machine. The hand over will be at our location Terms of delivery: EXW Cugir, Romania Crsdpsza T A Refx Adheh The buyer can assist in disassembling the machine. The buyer is responsible for transporting the machine. We organize only the loading part of the machine on the trailer/truck with forklift/crane

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, Professional Spiral Duct Forming Machine – Ø80–1600 mm We are offering for sale a complete industrial machine for the production of round spiral ducts (SPIRO ducts) for HVAC, ventilation and dust extraction systems. We are the first owner. The machine was purchased directly from the manufacturer, professionally commissioned, configured and fine-tuned for production. It has only been used occasionally for our own production requirements and has never been operated in continuous or multi-shift mass production. The machine is fully operational, properly adjusted and ready for production. It is currently connected and can be demonstrated under actual production conditions, allowing the buyer to inspect the complete process and the quality of finished ducts before purchase. Key Features * working diameter range: Ø80–1600 mm * production speed: up to 60 m/min * installed power: 11.25 kW * galvanized steel: 0.4–1.2 mm * stainless steel: 0.4–0.7 mm * aluminium: 0.4–1.3 mm * pneumatic sheet metal strip decoiler * touchscreen control panel * automatic lubrication system * automatic forming angle adjustment * automatic rotary cutting * automatic fault detection * smooth ducts or single/double reinforcing beads * external spiral lock seam * machine weight: approx. 2,900 kg 39 Forming Heads Included The machine comes with an extensive set of 39 forming heads covering 22 diameters: Ø80 (1), Ø100 (2), Ø125 (3), Ø160 (3), Ø200 (3), Ø250 (3), Ø315 (3), Ø355 (2), Ø400 (2), Ø450 (2), Ø500 (2), Ø560 (2), Ø630 (2), Ø710 (1), Ø800 (1), Ø900 (1), Ø1000 (1), Ø1120 (1), Ø1250 (1), Ø1400 (1), Ø1500 (1), Ø1600 (1). The set therefore covers the full working range from Ø80 to Ø1600 mm, with additional heads for the most commonly produced diameters. Spare Parts Package A comprehensive package of spare and wear parts is included, such as forming and guiding components, lock-seaming rollers, pneumatic components, cutting knives/rotary cutting components and decoiler braking parts. This provides an important operational reserve and helps minimise downtime without having to immediately source essential parts internationally. Production-Ready + Training The buyer receives a fully configured and proven production machine, not an uncommissioned unit requiring extensive setup and adjustment. We provide on-site commissioning assistance and operator training at the buyer’s facility, including machine operation, forming head replacement, adjustment for different diameters and sheet thicknesses, maintenance and trial production. The machine can be inspected and demonstrated during actual spiral duct production before purchase. Approximately 100 steel stacking racks (Maurack type) for storing and transporting finished ducts are also available and can be purchased together with the machine. The machine is located in Poland. Transport can be arranged individually. Price: upon request / subject to negotiation. For further information, photos, videos or to arrange a live machine demonstration, please contact us directly. Cedpfx Ajzt Ni Esdhsrh

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Year 2004 With 8 station Fastem pallet loading system with tombs Tooling & manuals 12,000rpm 40 ATC Cedpfxezxr Twe Adhjrh DIN40 / Renishaw probing Pallet size 400mm x 400mm

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2004, machine/vehicle number: 63237, clamping force: 350 kN, total length: 2,759 mm, total width: 886 mm, total height: 1,900 mm, overall weight: 1,310 kg, warranty duration: 6 months, Awaiting refurbishment at our headquarters in Northamptonshire is this Boy 35M injection moulding machine. Any machines awaiting refurbishment (or undergoing refurbishment) with us can be reserved with a 10% deposit and we then prioritise the refurbishment and aim to have the machine available for inspection within 8 weeks from order. Csdpfx Adez Armfoherh Refurbished machines from STV Machinery undergo a comprehensive test procedure during which every function of the machine is tested and if necessary repaired. A production run of at least 5000 fault free cycles prior to sign off ensures trouble free operation once delivered. Machines are ultra clean and cosmetically as good as we can get them. We guarantee our refurbs are delivered fault free and leak free. Prices shown are ex-works, but we can quickly provide DAP (Delivered at Place) Incoterm pricing on request. We can take out the hassle and additional costs of purchasing machinery within the UK and EU. Contact us with a potential delivery address and we’ll do the rest.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, A versatile and flexible NC controlled machining centre suitable for a variety of machining operations including hinge recessing, lock slots, handle holes, key slots and euro grooves etc. Programming is extremely simple thanks to the colour graphic touch screen controller using pre-installed electronic macros. As standard the machine is equipped with one milling head that automatically moves for either vertical or horizontal machining. It also has interpolation of the axis. Specification Axis capacity - X 2800mm, Y 180mm, Z 150mm. (2400mm X capacity when optional drilling head fitted). 1 x ER32 collet for milling cutter 16mm max. dia. Crjdszzwg Uepfx Adhoh Max working table dimensions - 3000x618mm X axis positioning speed 35m/min. Y axis / Z axis positioning speed 6m/min. Retractable pneumatic positioning stops 2 off - on front of table Adjustable pneumatic workpiece clamps x 3 - mounted on rear of table. Left hand side ref. stop. Front table extension supports x 2 Router motor power 3.3kw. Router motor RPM 0-18,000 rpm. Touch screen controller - Elco Power 1000. Dust extraction outlet x 1 80mm dia, 2 x 100mm dia CE side and rear safety guards with front light curtain. With following options fitted : - Pneumatic tool change ISO 30 - Drilling unit with ER25 collet. - Extended Y axis stroke 400mm - Increased clamping capacity 200mm. Year - 2013 CE Compliant Serial Number - 22170

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Konica Minolta Accurio Press C 4080 with 6.3 million copies, in good condition, tested and ready to print! Equipment: FS 532 RU 518 m IQ 501 + Video interface available as an option PF 707 m As an experienced retailer of used copiers, we have developed significant expertise in packing and pallet shipping to guarantee that our customers receive machines in perfect condition. Codpfey U Ublox Adhjrh We ship copiers that originated from and were maintained by Konica Minolta France. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask. Our company offers the largest range of Konica Minolta production copiers and handles worldwide deliveries upon request. Please do not hesitate to contact us for further information.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Konica Minolta AccurioPress C 4080 with a capacity of 8 million copies. Equipped with: FS 532 RU 518 m PF 707 m IC 609 As an experienced retailer of used copiers, we have developed significant expertise in packing and pallet shipping to ensure that our customers receive machines in perfect condition. We ship copiers that originate from and have been maintained by Konica Minolta France. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask. Our company offers the widest range of Konica Minolta production copiers and handles worldwide deliveries upon request. Please do not hesitate to contact us for further information. Csdpfx Adszadfvsherh

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, Peddinghaus FDB 1000/3 – CNC Plate Drilling & Profiling System– Year 2008 6 metres x 1 metres Capacity. Maximum workpiece width 1000 mm. Maximum workpiece thickness 50 mm. 3 x drilling spindles. Maximum drilling diameter 40 mm. Cjdpfx Adjz Hfbbshorh Oxy‐Fuel. Hypertherm Plasma. Kemper Extraction Unit.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, Compact 1000 working range of 1,000 × 2,000 mm. Maximum metal length (working length): 2,000 mm Maximum steel/sheet thickness: 4.0 mm Maximum punching force of 280 kN. Maximum work piece up to 150 kg Crodpfx Adsz Hfmdshoh Maximum diameter of 105 mm.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1950, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 415 V, In unmolested, fine original condition, with an unmarked table and in full working order. Includes arbours and cutters. 3-phase 415v. Table 16cm x 116cm. I have a video available of it running. From our family agricultural engineering workshop, which is now sold. Cjdpfxoz Hidaj Adhorh I'm sorry we don't know much of the tech details and history. Location is near Kings Lynn, Norfolk, UK. You are welcome to come and see it, of course. Forklifting may be possible locally, with the agreement of the new property owner. Buyer to arrange and fund shipment. Message with any questions.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 77706, input voltage: 230 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, control voltage: 24 V, Mosca RO-M P4 automatic strapping machine, 12mm strapping, arch size 600x500, automatic strapping feed and ejection, foot pedal activation, equipped with dual foot pedals, adjustable tightening tension via potentiometer, output of approximately 50 straps per minute, in very good condition, very little use. 2 machines available. Crjdez Hnd Sopfx Adhjh

Condition: good (used), Used column drill press Crsdpfx Aez H U Nbjdhsh VSF 40 NAK Capacity: 40mm Equipped with a cross table (operation of the coolant pump is unknown)

Condition: good (used), Used pillar drill from Bimak Csdpjz H Uz Dofx Adhorh Model 40 Capacity 40 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, clamping force: 80 kN, screw diameter: 38 mm, The Boy 80T In Very Condition The Machine Done Low Hours One Owner Used In Training Centre Codpjyhrqiofx Adhjrh

Condition: used, This listing is for a Quickpouch Automated Form-Fill Seal Packaging Machine with Videojet Dataflex Printer for Quickpouch Auto loader. Crjdpfoxzg Hqox Adhoh Manuals are available on request.