Used Gross Apparatebau Gmbh Gaz 122 for sale (73,715)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, Automated system / Application area: Chrome plating, nickel plating, copper plating / Programs: Pre-cleaning, pre-treatment, metallization, post-treatment / Base materials: ABS and ABSPC / Technical data: Product window per carrier 2800 mm x 1700 mm x 300 mm, max. 8 square meters galvanic surface per carrier, cycle time 3.00 min. per system, cycle time 2.50 min. for demetallization / Capacity: 20 carriers per hour, clear anode spacing (chrome) 700 mm, (copper) 700 mm, (nickel) 700 mm, clear entry dimension 550 mm in travel direction, 3100 mm in width, tank dimensions (rinsing) 3100 mm x 700 mm / Power consumption: Drives: transport system 133 kW, filters 194 kW, exhaust air 229 kW, wastewater treatment plant 150 kW, switching systems 704 kW, rectifiers approx. 3190 kW, heating energy approx. 1410 kW / Consisting of: automated loading system with 135 carriers, 5 loading and unloading stations, wastewater treatment plant and exhaust air system / Tanks, electroplating baths and exhaust system made of chemically resistant plastics. NOTE: Various ongoing expansions and modernizations of the plastic electroplating plant since 2015! Gbedpoy Rvtuofx Afkon

Condition: used, Used stainless steel three decks tumbling screen by GKM Siebtechnik GmbH (Germany) model KTS 2000/3. Decks and contact parts are made of AISI 304 (1.4301) stainless steel. Upper deck cover is made of carbon steel. Machine has 3 levels of separation with an internal diameter of 1820 mm. Central top inlet and 4 side outlets. Machine is driven by electric motor with power 4 kW, 1460 rpm 230/400 volts, 50 Hz. Screen is mounted on carbon steel based. Gbjdpfx Aozbuf Njfkon Specifications: Material of Construction: Stainless steel / carbon steel Number of Decks: 3 Diameter: 1820 mm Horse power: 4 kW

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, - Frame and edge press 1-sided/stationary - Useful dimension in mm as frame press 2630 x 1610 - Useful dimension in mm as edge press 3000 x 1610 - outer dimensions in mm 3200 x 2090 x 730 - Sturdy welded frame construction made of thick-walled profile tubes and laser-machined sheet steel parts ensure a torsion-free and dimensionally stable press base frame (no bolted frame parts!) - with left abutment, sliding carriage for width adjustment and central locking system and 2 hand hydraulic press units with Ergo handle - 3 vertical pressure beams type SK with roller bearings, made of strong-walled profile tube, galvanized, with hand hydraulic press units incl. Ergo handle. 20000 N pressing force, 60 mm stroke. Pressing units adjustable in 50 mm hole grid. - Lower abutment with fail-safe device, 5-fold adjustable in the hole grid. Gedpfjhd Nywsx Afkobn - Hold-down device with spindle press pressure - Chassis with 4 swivel castors (2 with brakes) - Powder coated (glue repellent) grey white RAL 9002 Pressure plate and abutment gentian blue RAL 5010 - Version Quattra 1-SK is equipped with comfort adjustment of the hand hydraulic press units and thus offers additional safety for the operator

Condition: used, weight of the machine ca. 110 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 950 x 435 x 980 mm ESS's newly developed "mti inverter series" for single-phase welding equipment, , which has already proven itself thousands of times over, is now being expanded to include a three-phase system. The combination of semiconductor technology, resonant inverter circuits and classic transductor technology also offers thepossibility of integrating the respective advantages into future- orientated welding devices in this case. Gbjdpfxowf Rg Sj Afksn --> Technical data Mains connection: 3/PE AC 400 V --> Maximum primary power: 14 kVA --> Mains fuse: T 16 A --> Setting range: 5 - 300 A --> Stick electrodes: Ø 1.5 - 5 mm --> Protection class: IP 23 --> Water cooling unit for the welding torch: built-in

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, weight of the machine ca. 290 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1050 x 560 x 840 mm The SHARC T power source is a TIG welding unit for direct current welding (DC version) and for direct and alternating current welding (AC/DC version) based on an innovative arc forming process developed by Hermann GmbH. In application, the SHARC process leads to higher welding speed with simultaneous improvement of the weld quality and reduction of the ancillary welding costs (less distortion, improved penetration, reduced annealing colours of the workpiece, less hardening of the transition edge zones and, if required, no need for filler materials). --> Technical data Welding current type: DC --> Mains voltage (50/60 Hz): 400 V --> Phases: 3 --> Setting range: 10 -320 A --> Electrode setting range: 25- 280 A --> Welding voltage: 22 V --> Open circuit voltage without HF: 70 V --> Open circuit voltage with HF: 90 V --> Primary power: 23 kVA --> Duty cycle 60%: 320 --> Duty cycle 100%: 260 --> Cooling type: F Gedpjwf Rg Ejfx Afkjbn --> Protection class: IP 23

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, weight of the machine ca. 290 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1050 x 560 x 840 mm The SHARC T power source is a TIG welding unit for direct current welding (DC Gedpfx Aewf Rgxefkobn version) and for direct and alternating current welding (AC/DC version) based on an innovative arc forming process developed by Hermann GmbH. In application, the SHARC process leads to higher welding speed with simultaneous improvement of the weld quality and reduction of the ancillary welding costs (less distortion, improved penetration, reduced annealing colours of the workpiece, less hardening of the transition edge zones and, if required, no need for filler materials). --> Technical data Welding current type: DC --> Mains voltage (50/60 Hz): 400 V --> Phases: 3 --> Setting range: 10 -320 A --> Electrode setting range: 25- 280 A --> Welding voltage: 22 V --> Open circuit voltage without HF: 70 V --> Open circuit voltage with HF: 90 V --> Primary power: 23 kVA --> Duty cycle 60%: 320 --> Duty cycle 100%: 260 --> Cooling type: F --> Protection class: IP 23

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, weight of the machine ca. 290 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1050 x 560 x 840 mm The SHARC T power source is a TIG welding unit for direct current welding (DC version) and for direct and alternating current welding (AC/DC version) based on an innovative arc forming process developed by Hermann GmbH. In application, the SHARC process leads to higher welding speed with simultaneous improvement of the weld quality and reduction of the ancillary welding costs (less distortion, improved penetration, reduced annealing colours of the workpiece, less hardening of the transition edge zones and, if required, no need for filler materials). --> Technical data Welding current type: DC --> Mains voltage (50/60 Hz): 400 V --> Phases: 3 --> Setting range: 10 -320 A --> Electrode setting range: 25- 280 A --> Welding voltage: 22 V Gbsdpfx Afowf Rgrsksn --> Open circuit voltage without HF: 70 V --> Open circuit voltage with HF: 90 V --> Primary power: 23 kVA --> Duty cycle 60%: 320 --> Duty cycle 100%: 260 --> Cooling type: F --> Protection class: IP 23

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: PA12704, 110610702, PA12707, mobility: mobile, Badeer Fish Grading Machine – full documentation available in both Polish and English. The onboard computer operates on the MES - B'Logic software platform. It includes two modules: B'Logic Grading and a label design software B'Logic. The set includes: - CAB label printer - Feed hopper - Acceleration conveyor - Weighing machine - Sorting conveyor - PC computer The computer located next to the label printer at the machine is touchscreen. The main computer for setting product specifications (for the currently processed product) does not need to be positioned near the machine. Specification: - 100–120 fish per minute - Maximum fish size: Length – 350 mm, Width – 220 mm - Operating speed adjustable by user (as shown in the video) - Airborne noise: < 70 dB Machine dimensions: Grading section: Height: 1.3 m, Length: 4.417 m, Width: 1.050 m Conveyor belt width: 60.8 cm (S 800 seamless belt) Power consumption: 0.37 kW Steel quality: AISI 304 Godpfxoy Hiyao Afkjbn Motor: Worm gear drive Feed hopper: Height: 1.87 m, Length: 3.66 m, Width: 1.5 m Conveyor belt width: 45.6 cm Drum motor Power consumption: 0.37 kW Dynamic weigher: Belt width: 250/350 mm Product weight: up to 1 kg (possible calibration) Motor power: 0.18 kW Speed: 0.25 mm/s – 2.0 mm/s

Condition: ready for operation (used), Chip Conveyor, Screw Conveyor, Double Screw Conveyor, Used Machine Manufacturer: Ventilatorenfabrik Oelde GmbH Overall dimensions: Gbjdpfx Afsy H I Uiokon Width: 9460 mm Depth: 1340 mm Height: 2300 mm Trough dimensions: 8830 × 900 × 340 mm Feed opening: 1230 × 1200 mm Discharge opening: 730 × 535 mm Electrical data: 400 V Double screw conveyor system.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, Technical details: voltage: 400/50 V/Hz Gedexv Awzjpfx Afkebn air-pressure connection: 7 bar control: - pressure capacity max.: 340-375 t total power requirement: 15 kW weight of the machine approx.: 1,4 kg dimensions of machine: 1,4 x 0,8 x 1,6 m Hose and crimp press · Series production of hydraulic hoses (workshop, repair, production line). · Robust design with high pressing force ? suitable for large hose diameters and high-pressure fittings. · Clean operation thanks to lubricant-free bearing technology longer service life, less contamination on workpieces. Working range: All hoses up to 6SP (SAE 100R 13–14) and crimp fittings up to DN 125 or I.D. 5 Crimping range: from Ø 9 to Ø 180 mm Crimping tool: Double-wedge system (domestic and international patents) Maximum crimp stroke: Ø 20 mm Maximum adjustment range: Ø 10 mm Number of crimping programs: 3 *

Year of construction: 2006, condition: ready for operation (used), An automatic glass sandblasting cabin is offered. Working range X/Y: unlimited/1500mm, extraction air capacity: 1800m³/h, filter area: 17m², filter differential pressure: 1500Pa, operating principle: automatic surface blasting operation, filter system: cartridge filter unit with pneumatic cleaning, glass transport: vertical roller conveyor system, control: PLC control with digital control panel. Equipped with separate filter unit, blasting nozzle feed unit, water separator, enclosed cabin construction with rubber buffer inlet. Weight: approx. 1550kg, overall dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 4500mm/2850mm/1650mm. Inspection possible by arrangement. Gbsdpfx Ajy Tn I Ajfkjn

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, Complete module for supplying two two welding workstations with integrated integrated welding fume extraction system from Teka (welding fume extraction class W3, with automatic Gjdpsuud Irefx Afkebn automatic filter cleaning) for steel. Mobile product. Small devices (Bosch, Makita or Milwaukee) can be attached to the holder (Fig. 4). Alternatively (for an extra charge), extraction systems from Nedermann, Kemper, Denios, Valco, Vaupel, Plymovent and other brands. Fully assembled including 1 frame 2 AGA 2020 extension arms 1 tool cabinet 1 gas cylinder holder 2 power dispensers 2 compressed air dispensers The welding workstation is suitable for TIG, MIG and MAG welding equipment from the companies: Fronius, Clos, Rehm, Migomat, Esab, Lorsch, Ideal, Kemppi and many more! The welding table shown in picture 5&6 can be purchased separately! At the moment we have one returned knife and one used welding workstation (SAP) available. - We look forward to your inquiry!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: System-S/N: H 01 07 000-1 / Motor-S/N: 0141708310002, overall weight: 1,200 kg, The Pregler hydraulic power unit is a reliable and high-performance solution for supplying hydraulic systems in a wide range of industrial applications. It combines high-quality components in a robust housing to ensure stable pressure supply and efficient operation. The unit is versatile and can be easily integrated into existing installations, while its durable construction ensures long service life. Gjdewtgwiopfx Afkobn

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, We offer here a used rotary indexing table of the brand Weiss. The turntable has a load capacity of approx. 30 tons and a diameter of approx. 3.5m as well as a dead weight with motor of approx. 6500Kg. Gsdponi Awpsfx Afkebn The control of the turntable is also available, with SEW frequency converter, braking resistor etc.. All documentation is available.

Condition: not inspected (used), Combined shearing and bending machine, bending length 6000 mm Godpfx Afjy Rfpfjkobn

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 23-000209, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 230 V, measuring range X-axis: 500 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 500 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 500 mm, total width: 1,500 mm, total length: 1,600 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 100 kg, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, power of the servo motor: 1,000 W, Equipment: documentation/manual, type plate available, We offer this used Carl Zeiss GOM Metrology ATOS ScanBox 4105, manufactured in 2023. Model: ATOS ScanBox 4105 Serial number: 23-000209 Year of manufacture: 2023 Mains voltage: 230 VAC Frequency: 50/60 Hz Godpey U R S Hofx Afkebn Phases: 1 phase Power: 1 kW Sensor: GOM ATOS Q, 8 megapixels, and 270 mm measuring volume Robot: Fanuc Max. component size: Ø 500 mm, height 500 mm Dimensions (L × W × H): 1,600 × 1,500 × 2,100 mm Made in Germany If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 400-223, travel distance X-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 200 mm, spindle speed (max.): 30,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, We are offering this used MB-Portatec GmbH basic IIS Portatec basic II.S portal milling machine, manufactured in 2011, for sale. Manufacturer: MB - PORTATEC GmbH Godpfx Ajy U R Sysfkobn Type: basic II.S Serial number: 400-223 Year of manufacture: 2011 If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, Manufacturer: Speidel Tank and Vessel Construction Year of manufacture: 2020 Technical specifications: Net capacity: approx. 1,250 liters Material: Stainless steel 1.4404 / AISI 316L Design: insulated (with thermal jacket/insulation jacket) Internal surface: suitable for food/pharmaceutical use Operating pressure: atmospheric (storage tank) Temperature range: suitable for temperature-controlled media Gjdpfxsy I Skws Afkebn Connections: hygienic clamp fittings Manway: available Bottom: conical (complete drainage) Legs: height adjustable Application: The tank is ideally suited for the storage of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or food-grade liquids. The tank was used as a CIP vessel in a pharmaceutical facility and was operated under hygienic conditions accordingly. Typical applications include: - Intermediate storage of bulk goods - CIP feed tank - Storage of alcohol, cleaning, or disinfectant solutions - Process integration in filling lines Construction: - Premium stainless steel construction (316L) - Insulated tank for temperature-controlled processes - Hygienic design with clamp fittings - Conical bottom for complete residue drainage - Industrial-grade build from German manufacturer Speidel Condition: - Very good condition - Used, well maintained - Immediately available FAT / Documentation: - Operation manual available - Manufacturer documentation included Scope of delivery / Documentation: - Complete stainless steel tank - Insulation jacket - Documentation / operation manual - Nameplate present Special features: - German brand quality (Speidel) - Suitable for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications - Ideal as a CIP feed or buffer tank - Compact design with high quality

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2026, Optical precision drill grinding High-precision and very easy-drill grinding with optics and , Costsaver and Swiss in 100% quality. grind drills, thinning and check in the shortest time and with maximum precision. With MEGA POINT blue line you win more than once, achieve with it: - Better positioning - Improved accuracy of diameter - Significantly longer service life - Feed force is greatly reduced The MEGA POINT blue line is a versatile precision drill grinding machine, which is easy and ergonomic operation and a variety of drills handelsueblichen nachschleift perfect and optimized. MEGA POINT blue-line 1-20mm (Optiom to 30mm) Technical specifications: Gbjde R R R Sspfx Afksn Our MEGA POINT drill grinding allows precise and rapid regrinding and thinning all handelsueblichen drills. Our customers have so always perfectly ground drills for disposal. The sophisticated design provides enormous flexibility in terms of the different cut angles and the thinning of the drill. Without a doubt, the world's best conventional drill grinding! Technical specifications Drill material grinding HSS and carbide HSCO Point angle adjustable 80 ° - 150 ° optional tip angle adjustable up to 180 ° Chuck with collets for drill diameters from 1 to 6.5 mm Chuck with collets for drill diameter 7 - 20 mm optional Spannzangenset for drill diameter 20 - 30 mm Average / free angle adjustable 0 - 40 ° Ausspitzvorrichtung, Ausspitztiefe adjustable CBN grinding wheel double-fine / coarse D 125 mm optional DIAMOND grinding wheel (for carbide drills) D 125 mm CBN grinding wheel for thinning D 50 mm x 4 mm Engine power 0.3 kW Spindle speed 2800 r / min Power supply 230 volt 50 Hz Dimensions (L x W x H) 50 x 50 x 50 cm Weight about 42 kg Standardausfuehrung For right- and left-cutting, two- and dreilippige drills. With built-in optics (10x Zoom) separate Ausspitzvorrichtung and: 1 Machine light 2 chucks with collets D 1 -6.5 mm and D 7 - 20 mm 1 CBNDoppel grinding wheel D 125 mm fine / coarse 1 CBNSchleifscheibe D 50 x 4 mm 1 Set of service tools 1 instruction manual with spare parts list 1 CD-ROM with manual (CE Declaration) Danger: OPTIMA / TATAR Parts BERGER technology will take over on January 1, 2016, the stock of spare parts of HighTech OPTIMA AG. We can now offer genuine spare parts and service for the OPTIMA and TARTAR Boherschleifmaschinen.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, Pneumatic Glazing Bead Saw Type GLSP-200N-AV Pneumatic Automatic saw feeding Pneumatic work piece clamping Adjustable table height 2 x 45° motors Accessories: HM Saw blade 200 x 2.2 x 32mm HSS Saw blade 103 x 2.0 x 32mm Z=60/45° Right HSS Saw blades 103 x 2.0 x 32mm Z=60/45° Left Glazing Bead Simulation- System Gsdpfx Afouydgskebn With feed cylinder, 1 Revolver stop with 16 stops and 4 clamping cylinders Fixtures for 2 Glazing Beads, support And leg adjustable for simulation Exhaust support D=80mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, x-travel: 4000y-travel: 2000z-travel: 600messurements (LxWxH): 6.400 x 3.200 x 3.100weight approx.: 10.500 Control: Siemens PLC Touch Screen directly usable DXF files Outlet pressure: max. 5500 bar Abrasive conveyor system for water jet cutting systems - filling weight 350 kg OMAX vacuum sensor for monitoring the abrasive supply to the nozzle Pump pressure control sensor With water jet cutting, water is compressed at a pressure of up to 5500 bar. Depending on the requirements and the workpiece, this is then pressed through a nozzle with a diameter of 0.01 to 0.08 mm. Since water jet technology processes materials without heat input, there are no deformations. By adding an abrasive, water jet cutting enables maximum precision with tolerances of +/- 0.01 mm. Our flexible production allows vertical as well as diagonal cuts. We would be happy to receive your individual CAD data. The water jet technology offers great advantages for industry, trade and individual prototype production. Water cutting technology is also a plus point for the environment, as it works dust- and steam-free and also saves material. Waterjet Cutting: Example Gallery What sounds impressive in theory is even more impressive on the finished object. We have put together a selection of images to demonstrate our waterjet cutting capabilities. Click through the photos in the example gallery and get an impression of what is possible with this modern processing method. Waterjet will also find the right solution for your order! benefits No deformations in the cutting area Cutting without heat input Material saving High precision: +/- 0.1mm Cutting area: x = 3010 mm; y = 2010mm; Z=250mm Flexible manufacturing Vertical and oblique cuts Adoption of your CAD data formats: DXF, DWG, iges, stp, step, prt, jpt, jam Environmentally friendly, vapor and dust free We cut everything Gjdpfx Afjwiatiskebn All materials brought into shape aluminum steel Brass Copper & Bronze Other precious metals Glass Granite & Marble tiles composites Promat cuts rubber plastics plexiglass Options: Oil cooler                                                         ¤ 10,725.00 Water filter system                                           ¤   1,430.00 Sludge suction system                                     ¤ 10,725.00 Professional water treatment system               ¤ 10,725.00 An oil cooler must be present when commissioning!!! So you can work longer than 1 hour. Extras: Including extra spare parts worth approx. 25.000¤ (see pictures)

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 200 kW (271.92 HP), overall weight: 17,500 kg, Year of construction: 2026, Model 440 Cone Crusher is designed for secondary and tertiary crushing applications, delivering high performance, durability, and consistent product quality. With its robust chassis and heavy-duty construction, it is suitable for crushing hard and abrasive materials such as granite, basalt, limestone, and river stone. Gedpfxeyidtvo Afksbn The crusher is equipped with a high-capacity crushing chamber and a powerful drive system, ensuring efficient material reduction and stable operation even under demanding conditions. Its optimized cone geometry provides excellent cubic product shape while maintaining high throughput. The hydraulic adjustment system allows easy setting changes and overload protection, reducing downtime and simplifying maintenance. Wear-resistant components and quality bearings extend service life and lower operating costs.

Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 960 h, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Crusher and Screening Machine Year of manufacture: 2024 Location: 54611 Hallschlag Application: Designed for the reduction of charcoal undersize material, followed by screening and filling into big bags or, alternatively, pneumatic conveying into silos. The smooth roller mill was originally used for the size reduction of clay. These machines offer a wide range of applications and are capable of handling and processing various materials. Plant components: 1. Screw conveyor 1 2. Screw conveyor 2 3. Screw conveyor 3 4. Crusher (smooth roller mill) and steel frame 5. Tumbler screen and steel frame 6. Elevator 1-3 7. Pneumatic conveyor vessel (“sand sender”) 8. Big bag unloading station 9. Piping for extraction/ventilation 10. Electrical/electronic systems in a container The prices listed in the document reflect our acquisition costs. Godpfx Aoytdgasfkjbn Individual or complete purchase of components is possible. Prices and further technical details available on request.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 19-1134P, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 4 h, load capacity: 1,500 kg, lifting height: 3,300 mm, mast type: duplex, gearing type: hydrostat, battery voltage: 24 V, Equipment: CE marking, clamp, gripper hydraulics, Manufacturer: APE Engineering GmbH Type: Universal Pallet Truck UHW 1500-27/E-Tele-SO Year: 2020 Voltage: 24V Lifting height: approx. 3300 mm (center of rotary device) Load capacity: 1500 kg Operating hours: 4 h (readout) This unit is designed for use on level ground for lifting, transporting, gripping, and rotating crucibles. Crucibles can be picked up and swiveled. Equipment: - 360° hydraulic rotary device - Initial lift approx. 100 mm - Hydraulic clamping device - Integrated 230V charger - 24V tray battery from Hawker Scope of delivery: - Universal pallet truck - Complete documentation including circuit diagrams and EC Declaration of Conformity Dimensions: Width: approx. 1650 mm Height: approx. 2300 mm Length: approx. 1950 mm without attachment and approx. 2400 mm with attachment The machine can be demonstrated on site. All information subject to change. Intermediate sale reserved. Godpfxjw Izrcs Afkobn The item is sold without any warranty. The exclusion does not apply to claims for damages arising from grossly negligent or intentional breach of obligations by the seller, nor to any injury to life, limb, or health.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Low-speed machine Cutting width – 150 mm Motor power – 2.2 kW Rotor speed – 200 rpm Number of rotor blades – 9 pieces Number of stator blades – 2 pieces 6 units available, in perfect condition Gbodpfeyf I N Aex Afkon Capacity up to 25 kg/h Price: 1200 EUR per unit