Used Winter Upper Piston Press for sale (17,592)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: API628950, Technical characteristics: Core Specifications Attribute Value Motor Power 90 kW (approx. 125 hp) Max Operating Pressure 8.6 bar to 13 bar (125–188 psi) Free Air Delivery (FAD) ~565–588 CFM; 125 psi Cooling Type Air-cooled Noise Level ~74 dB(A) Drive Type Direct drive Integrated Dryer Yes (Full Feature “FF” version) Voltage 400V / 50Hz or 460V / 60Hz Dimensions (L×W×H) ~2179 × 1300 × 1968 mm Weight ~1500 kg Performance & Features - Elektronikon® Touch Controller: Advanced microprocessor for monitoring, control, and remote access. - RDX Synthetic Oil: Long-life lubrication for reduced maintenance. - Energy Efficiency: Specific power as low as 18.9 kW/100 CFM, depending on load. Giodoyam Tcopfx Ai Nou - Integrated Refrigerated Dryer: Ensures clean, dry air with minimal pressure drop. - Oil-Water Separator: Built-in for environmental compliance and air purity. Reliability & Maintenance - IP55-rated motor: Dust and water-resistant for harsh environments. - No-loss condensate drain: Prevents compressed air waste and reduces downtime. - Sound-insulated bodywork: Minimizes noise and vibration. Machine status: WORKING

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: API628950, Technical characteristics: Core Specifications Attribute Motor Power Max Operating Pressure Free Air Delivery (FAD) Cooling Type Noise Level Drive Type Integrated Dryer Voltage Dimensions (L×W×H) Weight Performance & Features Elektronikon® Touch Controller: Advanced microprocessor for monitoring, control, and remote access. RDX Synthetic Oil: Long-life lubrication for reduced maintenance. Energy Efficiency: Specific power as low as 18.9 kW/100 CFM, depending on load. Integrated Refrigerated Dryer: Ensures clean, dry air with minimal pressure drop. Oil-Water Separator: Built-in for environmental compliance and air purity. Reliability & Maintenance IP55-rated motor: Dust and water-resistant for harsh environments. No-loss condensate drain: Prevents compressed air waste and reduces downtime. Giedsxx Snbepfx Ai Nju Sound-insulated bodywork: Minimizes noise and vibration Machine status: WORKING

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: API629410, Technical characteristics: Core Specifications Attribute Value Motor Power: 55 kW (75 hp) Maximum Working Pressure: 7.5 bar Free Air Delivery (FAD): approx. 174.4 l/s (approx. 369 CFM) Cooling Type: Air-cooled Noise Level: approx. 67 dB(A) Drive Type: Gear-driven Integrated Dryer: Yes (Full Feature “FF” version) Electrical Supply: 400V / 50Hz Regulation System: Full load / no load with Elektronikon® controller Dimensions (L×W×H): approx. 1656 × 1100 × 1968 mm Weight: approx. 1100 kg Design & Features: - Sound-attenuating enclosure: Steel canopy with flame-retardant insulation for quiet operation. - Elektronikon® Controller: 3.5” color display with programmable pressure bands, remote monitoring, and auto-restart capability. - Zero-loss condensate drain: Integrated into the dryer for efficient moisture removal without wasting compressed air. - Integrated moisture separator: Labyrinth-style, built into the aftercooler for enhanced air quality. - IP55-rated motor: Dust and water-resistant, suitable for industrial environments. Reliability & Maintenance: - Synthetic oil: Rated for 8,000-hour change intervals. - Spin-on oil filter: With integrated bypass valve for easy servicing. - ASME-approved air/oil separator: For long service life and minimal oil carryover. Machine status: WORKING Giedpeyam Nqsfx Ai Nsu

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Compressed Air System Atlas Copco Consisting of: Compressor GA18 Plus, year of manufacture 2007 Compressor GA11VSD+FF, year of manufacture 2017 Control unit ES 6 Gjdovx Nmfspfx Ai Njiu Incl. 1000 l air receiver GA11VSD+FF, year 2017, operating hours: approx. 20,000 GA18 PLUS, year 2007, operating hours: approx. 58,000 Buyer is responsible for professional dismantling. Forklift is provided.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, overall weight: 560 kg, volume flow: 3,096 m³/h, pressure: 29 bar, Equipment: type plate available, PROD. - ATLAS COPCO TYPE - FD860 S/N - APF135144 YEAR - 2008 POWER (kW) - 8.3 PUMP. (m3/min) - 35 CIS (bar) - 29 Godpfx Aerivrpji Njiu

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, functionality: limited functionality, We offer for sale a high-performance OMEGA AIR Nitrogen Generator, model N-GEN 100 NGC 2.0, complete with a 480-liter pressure vessel, both in excellent condition. This system is ideal for industrial applications requiring high-purity nitrogen. Nitrogen Generator Specifications (OMEGA AIR N-GEN 100 NGC 2.0): Gijdpewu Dm Rofx Ai Nju • Inlet Pressure: 8 bar • Outlet Pressure: 6.7 bar • Nitrogen Flow Rate: 49 m³/h • Purity: 99.99% • Oxygen Content: ≤100 ppm • Inlet Temperature Range: +5°C to +35°C • Power Supply: 230 VAC, 50–60 Hz • Year of Manufacture: 2023 • Made in EU • Serial Number: 23AD000230 Pressure Vessel Specifications (OMEGA AIR N-GEN 100): • Volume: 480 liters • Maximum Working Pressure: 16.0 bar • Test Pressure: 22.9 bar • Working Temperature Range: -10°C to +50°C • Fluid Group: 2 • Year of Manufacture: 2022 • Date of Hydrostatic Test: 11/2022 • Serial Number: 22PP001267 • PRICE: €19,000

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2AC-8100, overall weight: 18,000 kg, total length: 4,800 mm, total width: 4,000 mm, total height: 3,405 mm, space requirement length: 7,000 mm, space requirement width: 6,000 mm, space requirement height: 5,000 mm, motor manufacturer: HIGEN, power: 450 kW (611.83 HP), fuel type: electric, volume flow: 2,730 m³/h, operating pressure: 10 bar, pressure (min.): 7 bar, pressure (max.): 16.5 bar, ambient temperature (min.): 35 °C, ambient temperature (max.): 40 °C, type of cooling: water, input voltage: 6,600 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: documentation/manual, This compressor has used for manufacturing high pressure air (10 bar). Giodpfxoy Tt Nls Ai Nou I will sell this compressor with electric starting panel (Motor starting method : Reactor) This compressor was not operated after O/Haul in 2024.

Condition: used, With this offer, you are purchasing a used manual transfer press ‘Lotus LTS 150 B from 2023’. Item for sale: Giedpfxsx Eg Ups Ai Neu 1 x Lotus LTS 150 B with the following equipment: Includes DTF gel oven Year of manufacture: 2023 Condition: This offer is for a used device, which may show signs of wear (minor scratches or yellowing). The device has been tested for functionality. Packaging and shipping: You are welcome to view the device during our business hours. Please make an appointment! Seaworthy packaging and worldwide shipping available on request! For more information, please feel free to contact us personally.

Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 20,652 h, condition: ready for operation (used), controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: S7-300 PLC, overall weight: 7,500 kg, total width: 2,405 mm, total height: 3,029 mm, pressing force: 357 t, table length: 1,290 mm, table width: 1,200 mm, Hydraulic press manufactured in 2015. This WINTER VSP 350 features a holding force of 3500 kN and a trimming force of 2500 kN. It offers a holding stroke of 50 mm and a trimming stroke of 100 mm, ensuring efficient operation. With a robust table size of 1290 x 1200 mm, this machine is designed for heavy-duty tasks. If you are looking to get high-quality pressing capabilities, consider the WINTER VSP 350 hydraulic press we have for sale. Contact us for further details. MACHINE • Holding Stroke: 50 mm • Holding Speed at 500 kN: approx. 30 mm/s • Holding Speed at 3500 kN: approx. 4 mm/s • Holding Return Speed: 60 mm/s • Trimming Force: 2500 kN • Trimming Stroke: 100 mm • Trimming Speed at 500 kN: approx. 30 mm/s • Trimming Speed at 2500 kN: approx. 5 mm/s • Trimming Return Speed: 60 mm/s • Impact Damping Stroke: 20 mm • Opening Width: 1000 mm • Machine Depth: 1230 mmHYDRAULIC UNIT • Hydraulic Unit Weight: 13000 kg • Pump Power: 2 × 15 kW • Cooler Power: 3 kW • Pump Unit Power: 3 kW • Hydraulic Pipe Diameter: 2 × Ø38 × 4 mm • Hydraulic Pipe Diameter: 2 × Ø30 × 4 mm • Hydraulic Pipe Diameter: 1 × Ø20 × 3 mm • Colour Hydraulic Unit: RAL7004 • Rated Voltage: 400 V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Rated Current: 97 A • Installed Power: 36 kW Giodpfezcw I Aox Ai Neu • Operating Hours Hydraulic Unit 1: 20652.8 h • Operating Hours Hydraulic Unit 2: 20641.8 h • Operating Hours Hydraulic Unit 3: 20802.8 h

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, pressure 400 t Gsdpfjvzxpuex Ai Neiu distance between columns 1060 mm stroke 450 mm no. of strokes 15 - 30 /min distance table/ram, max. stroke up, adjustment up 1160 mm table surface area 1000 x 700 mm capacity of ejector in table 2 x 16 t ejector stroke of ejector in table 125 mm Die cushion pressure in table 120 t Die cushion stroke in table 2 mm capacity of ejector in ram 2 x 4 t stroke of ejector in ram 100 mm ram surface 1000 x 700 mm column travel -side 630 mm power capacity 55,0 kW weight 50,0 t year of manufacture 1986 - overhaul 2003 multi-station press with automatic parts feed, Transfer, drawing cushion in table (2. stage) as is where is, WITHOUT putting into operation, stored in dismantled condition

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, This listing is for a used “Xerox Colour J75 Press” color production system Items for sale: 1 x Xerox Colour J75 Press with the following features: Includes Fiery EX C75 Includes A-CF01 paper deck Includes Bros-Finisher + LFN-7+JGW Not the right configuration? It’s no problem to configure the machine to your specifications. Feel free to contact us! Meter readings: Total: Approx. 1,272,538 pages Color: Approx. 1,099,543 pages Black: Approx. 172,995 pages Condition: Gjdpfx Aieza Db Dj Nsiu This is a used device, which may show signs of use (minor scratches or yellowing). The device has been tested for functionality A test printout can be seen in the photo Packaging and Shipping: You are welcome to view the device during our business hours. Please schedule an appointment! Seaworthy packaging and worldwide shipping available upon request! A functional test will be recorded on video for you prior to shipping or pickup. For more information, you are of course welcome to contact us directly.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, This listing is for a used “Xerox Versant 180 Press” color production system Items included: 1 x Xerox Versant 180 Press with the following features: Includes Fiery E300-5 Includes Paper Deck A-CF01/A-GW03 Gisdpfx Aioza A Euo Nsu Includes Booklet Finisher A-FN13 Not the right configuration? It’s no problem to configure the machine to your specifications. Feel free to contact us! Meter readings: Total: Approx. 729,330 pages Color: Approx. 505,865 pages Black: Approx. 223,465 pages Condition: This is a used device, which may show signs of use (minor scratches or yellowing). The device has been tested for functionality A test printout can be seen in the photo Packaging and Shipping: You are welcome to view the device during our business hours. Please schedule an appointment! Seaworthy packaging and worldwide shipping available upon request! A functional test will be recorded on video for you prior to shipping or pickup. For more information, you are of course welcome to contact us directly.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, This offer is for a used ‘Xerox Iridesse Production Press’ colour production system Items for sale: 1 x Xerox Iridesse Production Press with the following specifications: Includes Fiery Server EX-P6 Includes paper decks A-CF03 + A-CF04 Includes stacker Not the right configuration? It’s no problem to configure the machine to your requirements. Please feel free to contact us! Meter readings: Total: Approx. 14,303,610 pages Colour: Approx. 14,006,634 pages Black: Approx. 296,976 pages Condition: This is a second-hand machine, which may show signs of use (minor scratches or discolouration). The machine has been tested for functionality A test print can be seen in the photo Packaging and shipping: Giedpfx Aezap Sbei Nju You are welcome to view the machine during our business hours. Please arrange an appointment! Sea-worthy packaging and worldwide shipping available on request! A functional test will be recorded on video for you prior to dispatch or collection. For further information, you are of course welcome to contact us directly.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7219 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum workpiece width: 200 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 150 mm Number of spindles: 4: 1) Bottom horizontal: 200 mm, 5.5 kW 2) Right vertical: 150 mm, 4 kW 3) Left vertical: 150 mm, 4 kW 4) Top horizontal: 200 mm, 5.5 kW - All heads adjustable up/down, right/left - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - Spindle speed: 6,000 rpm From above: - 6 driven infeed, serrated rollers (including 2 double rollers) - 1 driven outfeed, rubber-coated, double roller From below: - Driven, serrated infeed roller, swiveling on lower table - 3 lateral pressure units - Driven, smooth metal outfeed roller - All rollers pneumatically pressed - Infeed table length: 2,130 mm - Table height adjustable - Centralized lubrication - Electric thickness adjustment - Lifting motor: 1.1 kW - Infinitely variable feed speed Giodpfszccn Isx Ai Nsu - Feed motor: 3 kW - Feed via Cardan shafts - Fully enclosed in soundproof cabin - Extraction connection diameters: 4 x 130 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 3,650 x 1,750 x 1,800 mm - Weight: approx. 3,000 kg ADVANTAGES – 4-head configuration – Ideal for both wet and dry wood – Full technical documentation (DTR) – Used machine, in very good condition Net price: 68,900 PLN Net price: 16,400 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (in the event of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7807 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Track width: 350mm - Cutting width: 350mm - Blade diameter: from 355 to 505mm - Cutting height: 10-170mm - Spindle diameter: 80mm - Table dimensions: 1900x790mm - Height from base to table: 830mm From above: - 2 rows of pawls/kickers - 2 smooth, metal glide rollers - Shaft with saw blades - 2 pressure glide rollers From below: - Guide bar - Pawls/kickers - Track - Electric height adjustment of the body - Central lubrication - Stepless speed adjustment via inverter - Feed motor: 4kW - Main motor: 75kW - Extractor spigot diameter: 2x150mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2050x1800x1800mm - Weight approx.: 3500kg Gsdpfjzccifex Ai Njiu FEATURES - German-made - DTR technical documentation - Used multi-blade saw - Very good condition Net price: 58,900 PLN Net price: 14,000 EUR depending on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change due to stronger exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NO. 7227 TECHNICAL DATA - Working width: 40 – 300 mm - Material thickness: 10 – 35 mm - Min. material length: 270 mm - Max. material length: unlimited - Max. feed speed: 90 m/min - Feed speed steplessly adjustable via inverter from control panel - Cutting speed: 24 m/min - Milling motor power: 2x 4 kW - Milling spindle speed: 7,500 rpm - Feed motor power: 0.75 kW - Pneumatic top and side pressure - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - Motor-driven infeed roller conveyor, length 1,130 mm - Manual / automatic operation - PLC controller with touchscreen for easy operation - Compressed air connection: 8 bar - Extraction outlet diameter: 150 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2,550 x 1,200 x 1,400 mm - Weight: 1,100 kg ADVANTAGES – German manufacturing – Operating and maintenance documentation (DTR) – Machine for tongue and groove profiling – Set includes complete cutter and head set – Motor-driven infeed roller conveyor – Unpainted – Used machine, in very good condition Giedpfx Aeza Emuji Nju Net price: 107,900 PLN Net price: 25,690 EUR (according to exchange rate 4.2 EUR/PLN) (Prices may vary depending on currency fluctuations)

Condition: good (used), Impress HM 4 Hot Stamping Press This machine is in very good condition and ready to use. This machine is from the popular Impress hot stamping machine manufacturer, manufactured in the UK. Description The Impress hot stamping press is a hot stamping and embossing press for paper and plastics. It’s a useful device in any advertising agency or digital printing house. The manual press is powered by only 230V. A powerful press with adjustable pressure ensures repeatability and very high pressure between the die and the material. The machine features a worktop with a slide-out function, adjustable embossing depth, a heating plate with a thermostat, and an automatic foil feed. Giedozday Rjpfx Ai Neu Specifications: Heating temperature control via thermostat Heating plate pressure mechanism: mechanical Press force: 1000 kg Power consumption: 500 W Power supply: 230 V Machine weight: 50 kg Plate size: 150 x 150 mm.

Condition: good (used), HFS-210 Hot Stamping Press The machine is in perfect condition. Year of manufacture: 2019. Gsdozdau Uspfx Ai Neiu Description: The HFS-210 Hot Stamping Press is a pneumatic hot stamping press for hot stamping, embossing paper, and plastics. A useful device in any advertising agency or digital printing house. The cycle is operated manually. The pneumatic drive ensures repeatable work and very high die pressure on the material. The machine is equipped with an automatic foil feed, which significantly shortens the time of a single hot stamping cycle, a worktop, adjustable embossing depth, a hot plate ground to 0.01 mm accuracy, which significantly improves the quality of embossing with large dies, a control panel, and modern OMRON controls. Specifications: MODEL: HFS-210 Hot Stamping Press Heating plate size: 210 x 150 mm Work table area: 500 x 350 mm Heating temperature control: via display up to 200°C Holding foil adjustment: Automatic, potentiometer-controlled Hot plate pressure mechanism: pneumatic Height of the gilding stack: 68 mm Press force: 0.6 T Power consumption: 900 W Power supply: 230 V Machine dimensions: 750 mm (W) x 530 mm (D) x 1670 mm (H) Machine weight: 120 kg The machine includes a cross table and a die mounting frame. An instruction manual is included.

Condition: good (used), Screw bookbinding press 40×30 with base The machine is fully operational and ready for operation. Format: 400×300 mm Pressure: 3 tons Made in Germany. Gijdpfjzdat Rjx Ai Nju

Condition: good (used), Bookbinding press with tapping block The machine is fully operational and ready for use. Approximate format: 480 x 330 mm Gsdpfxszdatqs Ai Noiu 3-ton pressure

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7316 TECHNICAL DATA - Track width: 350mm - Working width of shaft with saws: 355mm - Max. blade diameter: 450mm - Max. cutting height: 170mm - Blade bore diameter: 70mm - Table dimensions: 1850x790mm Top section: - Pawls - 2 smooth, metal sliding shafts - Shaft with saws - 3 smooth, metal sliding shafts Bottom section: - Guide bar - Pawls Giedpozab A Sjfx Ai Nsu - Track - Toothed, metal feed shaft - Central lubrication, electric - Stepless feed speed adjustment - Electric lifting of body up/down approx. 1kW - Feed motor: 2.2kW - Main motor: 75kW - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2600x1800x1700mm - Weight: 2700kg – Used multi-blade saw – Very good condition Net price: 68,900 PLN Net price: 16,400 EUR depending on 4.2 EUR exchange rate (Prices may vary with larger fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, pressure 400 t distance between columns 1100 mm stroke 250 mm no. of strokes 25 - 75 /min distance table/ram, max. stroke up, adjustment up 900 mm table surface area 1100 x 965 mm capacity of ejector in table 30 t ejector stroke of ejector in table 80 mm capacity of ejector in ram 3 t Gedpfx Aisvuukns Neiu stroke of ejector in ram 60 / 70 mm ram surface 980 x 800 mm column travel -side 800 mm ram adjustment 20 mm power capacity 80,0 + 5,5 kW weight 47,0 t Dimensions (WxDxH) 3,5 x 3,3 x 6,0 m weight of switch cabinet 1,4 t dimensions of electrical cabinet (WxDxH) 4,9 x 0,5 x 2,6 m Multi-station cold extrusion press with link drive with infinitely variable drive, hydraulic clutch-brake combination (Ortlinghaus), hydraulic overload protection in the slide, motorised slide adjustment, pneumatic counterbalance cylinder in press frame, cam-controlled ejector in table (30 t / 80 mm), pneumatic ejector in slide (3 t, 60 mm), motorised central lubrication

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, total width: 1,800 mm, total height: 1,900 mm, total length: 1,800 mm, overall weight: 3,000 kg, power: 35 kW (47.59 HP), Hydraulic briquette press Manufacturer: Winter Type: BP 450 Year of manufacture according to nameplate: 2022 Technical data: Output max. 450 kg/h Motor 35 kW / 400 V, 50 Hz Chip compression Gedpfx Asymwxvei Noiu min. 1,000 kg/cm² max. 1,500 kg/cm³ Wood moisture < 14% Briquette dimensions: Length 150 mm, Width: 60 mm Dimensions L x W x H: 1,800 x 1,800 x 1,900 mm Weight 3,000 kg Augers for material feed are included. Purchase price net 36,400 € plus applicable VAT. Value-added tax will be shown separately on our invoice. Subject to changes, errors and prior sale. Sale is made without warranty and guarantee, and only to commercial customers. Inquiries will be processed from Monday to Friday between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, stroke length: 200 mm, operating speed: 50 mm/s, reverse speed: 180 mm/s, table length: 3,200 mm, total length: 3,915 mm, total width: 1,605 mm, total height: 2,655 mm, overall weight: 8,000 kg, bending force (max.): 1,000 t, bending angle (max.): 90 °, warranty duration: 24 months, working height: 450 mm, All-Electric Servo Bending Machine Nominal force(KN): 1000 Slider stroke(mm): 200 Throat depth (mm): 360 X-axistravel(mm): 600 R-axistravel(mm): 200 Z-axistravel(mm): 2500 🔹 Smart CNC System – SL100-P with high-end algorithms and 12-inch touchscreen for intuitive operation. 🔹 High-Precision Structure – Finite element analysis (FEA), annealed, and one-time machining for long-term stability and accuracy. Godpfx Aisv Hchlj Noiu 🔹 4-Axis Intelligent Backgauge – AC servo-driven, high-speed positioning with automatic collision avoidance. 🔹 Precision Compensation System – Adjustable convex strips & fine-tuning mechanism for optimal bending accuracy. 🔹 Powerful & Durable Drive – High-torque servo motor, heavy-duty ball screws & sealed protection for longevity. 🔹 Fully Closed-Loop Control – Y1/Y2 magnetic scale feedback, positioning accuracy ±5μm. 🔹 Optimized Electrical System – Closed electrical box, heat dissipation, & neat wiring for reliability and easy maintenance. 🔹 Imported Precision Components – Ball screws & linear guides ensure accuracy without stroke compensation. 🔹 High precision, stability, and smart automation – designed for professional sheet metal bending!

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7908 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Tool diameter, Wescott chuck 0-20mm - Max hole depth 155mm - Max milling length 250mm - Drill unit adjustment front/back, right/left + angle - Table adjustment up/down Gijdpfx Aiey Tw Tze Nsu - Table swivel angle 0-45˚ - Working table dimensions 600x320mm - Four-point head 16-22-25-32mm - Material clamps 2 pcs - Motor power 2.2kW - Dimensions (L/W/H) 1050x800x1250mm - Weight 200kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – Very good condition – Eccentric clamps, 2 pcs – Not repainted – Used drilling machine Net price: 6,500 PLN Net price: 1,550 EUR based on rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)