Used Turn Mill Center Okuma Multus B400 for sale (26,513)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, Monforts RNC 500 MultiTurn, year of manufacture 2007 The machine was last serviced by Monforts Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH in July 2025 and is in excellent condition. All tools and accessories are included. Inspection possible by appointment. Bsdpfxjxcwdvj Aa Isln

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Equipment: documentation/manual, We offer this used DMG MORI SPRINT 20 LINEAR CNC turning and milling center, manufactured in 2005. Manufacturer: DMG MORI Model: SPRINT 20 LINEAR Year of manufacture: 2005 Condition: Used Machine type: CNC turning and milling center Bledoz Ehykepfx Aa Isn If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, turning diameter 190 mm turning length 620 mm control Fanuc 18 iT Blsdpfx Aoz Euunsa Ien max. bar diameter through the spindel 65 mm number of controlled axis 9 y-axis +/- 45 mm turning speed range 4500 U/min power capacity 15/11 kW swivelling range +/- 91 ° Grad number of tapers in turret head 12/24 + 12/24 number of driven tools in turret 2x 12 Spindel speed of driven tools 6000 U/min Spindelpower on driven tool 5,5/3,7 kW tail stock Gegenspindel/ sub spindle sup spindle 5000 U/min 11/7,5 kw weight of the machine ca. 12,5 t CNC- lathe with sub spindle - 2 turrets, universal for main.- or sub- spindle - upper turret switchable - Y- axis on upper turret - both turrets with 12/24 positions - collet chucks on main- and sub spindle - chip conveyor - parts catcher typ A - few toolings

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Victor V26-II CNC lathe; with C-axis; with driven tools; FANUC 21i-TB control; chuck: 10"; turning diameter: 520 mm; turning length: 1090 mm; spindle speed: 3,500 rpm; upper turret toolholder with 12 positions, 6 of which are driven; tool presetting device; chip conveyor; oil mist extraction. Bsdpfx Aer E Amgea Ioln

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, Maximum cutting diameter 640mm, maximum cutting length 1100mm, bar capacity 80mm, B axis -120/+105 degrees, C axis 0.001 degrees, Blodpfjtt Nrtjx Aa Ijn Spindle power 18.5Kw, spindle speed 3,500 rpm, milling power 15Kw, milling speed 12,000 rpm, sub spindle speed 3,500 rpm, 40 station ATC, Y axis travel -/+ 125mm, Fanuc 31i control, magazine barfeed, swarf conveyor, parts catcher.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 157626, Manufacturer: Mazak Model: Integrex 200-2SY Controller: Mazatrol PC Fusion CNC 640 Robot NOT included Max. Machining diameter: 540 mm Max. Machining length: 1018 mm Spindlebore: 51 mm Spindlepower: 22 kW Bledpfx Ajvlxf Dea Isn 5000 rpm Travel: X = 530 mm Z = 1065 mm Machine weight: 7800 kg. Machine dimensions: L=5200 x W=2500 x H=2750 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 5,650 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, We offer this very good Nakamura-Tome WT-100 CNC turning and milling center, year of construction 2007. Manufacturer: NAKAMURA-TOME PRECISION IND. CO., LTD. JAPAN Machine Type: WT-100 Serial Number: M102801 Circuit Diagram Number: 40200157 Net Weight: 5650 kg 2x spindle Bledpfszw D H Tex Aa Isn 2x turret live tools Y axis hand for removing parts from sub spindle hand for removing parts from main spindle high pressure coolant pumps swarf coveyour part coveyour belt FMB bar feeder Machine was running on oil only. Still under power in production without defect. Can be seen running. If you have any questions or need more information, feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Ref. -No.: 10657 Manufacturer: EMAG Type: EMAG VTC 250 Year of construction: 2008 Type of control: CNC Control: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Storage location: Hakberstadt Country of origin: Germany Turning Length: 630 mm Tool Taper: VDI 40 Turret places: 1 Pcs Number of tool stations: 12 pc Turning Speeds: 5000 RPM Chuck diameter: 250 mm Further information: - The machine features an overhead drive spindle with a tailstock at the bottom. - Coolant tank, approx. 1,000 L, including Bsdpfx Aaozx Nzfs Isln - a paper filter roll. - Clamping devices: Hainbuch clamping top, including various centering tips - Gripping devices on the turrets for feeding and removing raw and finished parts during magazine operation. - Magazine loading - Vertical pick-up lathe, which can generally be easily upgraded for automatic loading and unloading. The machine can be viewed while powered on by prior arrangement.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, Swing over cross slide 825 mm turning length 2.500 mm control FANUC main spindle speeds 1.500 U/min travel -y axis +/- 110 mm driven tools turning speeds 2.500 U/min drive capacity - spindle motor 45 kW passage of steadyrest 75 - 430 mm turret stations 12 CNC Turning- and Milling Center | HWACHEON - HI-TECH 850 YMC equipped with a turret for driven tools as well as C- and Y-axis, programmable steady rest, ITC (12 bar) and tailstock. Additional equipment: - Power chuck: 810 mm (SMI) - tool measurement The machine is in a well-maintained condition and can be inspected at any time under power. For additional equipment information please refer to the original order confirmation which is included in the offer of this machine. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #Tags: HI TECH 850 | HI-TECH 850YMC | HITECH850YMC Bsdpfsz Dxruex Aa Ioln

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, Control system: Matrix II Travel ranges: X-axis 207 mm X2-axis 141 mm Y-axis 100 mm Y2-axis 70 mm Z-axis 760 mm Z2-axis 815 mm Main spindle: Drive power 22 kW Max. spindle speed 5,000 rpm Spindle nose A2-6 Counter spindle: Drive power 22 kW Max. spindle speed 5,000 rpm Spindle nose A2-6 Bljdpfx Ajz Dtmgoa Ion Tool turret: Number of tool positions 24 Max. speed of driven tools 6,000 rpm Tool stations 24 Driven tool stations 24 2 pcs. 12-position turret Max. turning diameter: Max. turning diameter (upper turret) 344 mm Max. turning diameter (lower turret) 210 mm Max. swing diameter: Max. swing diameter (upper turret) 370 mm Max. swing diameter (lower turret) 320 mm Additional equipment: Bar feeder LNS Robot interface Automatic door Tool setter on the right and left Chip conveyor, discharge to the right Separate coolant system 15 bar high-pressure pumps Coolant temperature control

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 46,815 h, functionality: fully functional, Disassembly, loading, and transport are the responsibility of the buyer. Bedpfozzvw Sex Aa Ioln Maintenance kit for NE-type lathes, consisting of rubber-metal scrapers, plastic scrapers, filter mats, and belts. Not included in the price. Sale only within the EU.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 4,800 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: NL154200702, Manufacturing origin: JP Voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz / 3-phase Net weight: 5,400 kg Customs tariff number: 8458.9100 TECHNICAL DATA Maximum turning diameter: 350 mm Turning length: 515 mm CNC control: M730UM MAPPS Celos Swing over bed: 923.8 mm Swing diameter above carriage: 755 mm Bljdpfew T Sn Ejx Aa Ijn Standard turning diameter: 260 mm Bar capacity: 34 mm Main spindle: Spindle speed range: 100 – 8,000 rpm Spindle motor power: 11 / 7.5 kW C-axis resolution: 0.001° Chuck diameter: 210 mm Subspindle: Maximum speed: 8,000 rpm Spindle nose: A2-5 Axis travels: X-axis travel: 260 mm Z-axis travel: 580 mm Y-axis travel: 100 mm (±50 mm) Turret: Number of turret stations: 20 Driven stations: 20 Tool shank diameter: 25 mm Maximum driven tool speed: 10,000 rpm Driven tool motor power: 5.5 / 3.7 kW Feed rates: Rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse subspindle: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 10 m/min Rapid traverse C-axis: 400 rpm Total power requirement: 31 kVA Approximate machine weight: 5.4 t Approximate machine dimensions: 4.0 x 3.0 x 3.2 m Errors and omissions excepted – data provided without obligation.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, - Control system: Heidenhain CNC Pilot 3190/4290 - Turn-Plus software update - Turning diameter: 500 mm - Turning length: max. 635 mm - Spindle speed: 25-5000 rpm - 12-station turret, no driven tools - Tool holder VDI 30 - Tailstock Blodpfjzggahsx Aa Ien - Chip conveyor

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, Hurco TM 8 MI turning-milling center, year of manufacture 2022, Winmax Lathe control system, travel range X/Z 203/550 mm, 12-station turret, VDI 30, spindle speed up to 4,000 rpm, Bjdpfxszg E E Ao Aa Ijln C-axis, driven tools, chip conveyor, bar capacity up to 65 mm.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, M01.43870 frequency 50 Hz voltage 400 V 24 V connected load 48 kW rated current 63 A control Siemens 840 D turning diameter 250 mm turning length 100 mm Bljdperc Ip Sofx Aa Ien weight of the machine ca. 7,5 t turning length external / innen 100 mm workpiece length - min. 29 mm workpiece length - max. 100 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 900 mm, turning diameter: 450 mm, Used Okuma Multus B300-W multi-function CNC lathe including newer Kuka robot 70 kg (1–2 years old), without handling set-up. Blsdpfx Aaeyux S Hj Isn

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, operating hours: 64,136 h, Maximum height 350 mm Turning length 1000 mm Maximum turning diameter over bed 600 mm Maximum turning diameter over cross slide 360 mm Spindle bore 107 mm Speed range 16 – 3150 rpm Feed rate range, longitudinal and transverse 0.5 – 5000 mm/min Rapid traverse rate, longitudinal and transverse 9 m/min Main drive 30 kW Machine dimensions with chip conveyor, L x W x H 5400 x 2200 x 2000 mm Weight 6400 kg Accessories / Special features: • CNC control GILDEMEISTER EPL 2 with TFT screen General description: CNC manual data input control with program input via function and numeric keys. Input of all information in dialog with the screen. Integrated menu system and display of all functions in plain text. Control panel, screen and handwheel in a separate chip guard. The EPL control offers the following possibilities: Programs can be entered and modified with direct operator guidance via the EPL control without program-technical preparation. NC programs in ISO/EIA standard can be entered, output or entered manually via the serial interface RS 232. Machining cycles: Turning cycles for longitudinal, transverse and contour turning, also with allowance. Threads. Chamfer DIN 509 form E and F and DIN 76, also grinding allowance can be programmed. Axial and radial grooves according to DIN 471 and 472, also with bottom chamfer. Radii 90° and chamfers 45°. Automatic tool radius compensation for cycles, chamfer, groove, radius, chamfer. Programming: Sentence-oriented, metric/inch, diameter with absolute input, radius with incremental input, full circle programming, subprogram technique, masking levels for program parts. Zero point offset. Selection of operating modes via menu. Program input and output: In dialog via menu with operator guidance or directly in dialog • Hydraulic 3-jaw chuck Ø 315 mm with hollow spindle Ø 80 mm • Hinged chip conveyor • 12-position tool turret VDI 40, of which 6 positions are standard tool holders + 6 positions are driven tool holders • Coolant system • RS 232 interface • Electronic handwheel • Electric foot switch for 3-jaw chuck and tailstock quill • Lighting • 12 pcs. various standard tool holders (more on request) Overhauled servo drive for the main spindle, 06/2025 Bedsvr Eh Eepfx Aa Isln Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, JOHNFORD VTC 880 TWIN PALLET CNC VERTICAL LATHE MAKE JOHNFORD, MADE IN TAIWAN MODEL VTC 880 + APC + ATC YEAR 2001 CONTROL FANUC 18 T MAX SWING DIA 1,000 mm MAX CUTTING DIA 900.0 mm STANDARD CUTTING DIA 800.0 mm MAX CUTTING HEIGHT 800.0 mm TRAVERSES X AXIS 50.0 mm to 810.0 mm Z AXIS 880.0 mm SPINDLE SPEEDS 10 to 800 RPM SPINDLE BEARING DIA 330.0 mm SPINDLE NOSE A2 - 11 Bodpfxeukuprj Aa Ijln SPINDLE MOTOR 18.5 / 22 kW TURRET TYPE AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER NO OF TYPES 2 X 12 ATC TOOLS SHANK SIZE BT 50 AND CAPTO PLUS FULL C AXIS MILLING TAPPING X, Z, C, A AND B AXES HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT PAPER COOLANT FILTRATION SWARF CONVEYOR FULLY OPERATIONAL FULL SET OF MANUALS GOOD RANGE OF TOOLING

Condition: excellent (used), operating hours: 2,333 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: TJLU9012, TT1100G, year 2021 – only 2,333 operating hours. Technically well maintained. Price: negotiable. On-site viewing possible by appointment. Sold as is, from this location. If you are interested or would like more photos/details, please contact us. Bedoyzzrdopfx Aa Ioln The scope of the offered package includes: a. TAKISAWA TT1100 basic machine – horizontal twin-spindle turning machine with two gantry loaders. b. Chip conveyor. c. Two stockers for workpiece loading and unloading. d. Tool holder package. e. Two three-jaw chucks. f. ARNO 1VF Plus air filter.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, For sale: Well-maintained EMCO Hyperturn 665 MC Plus with IEMCA Master 880MP-E bar loader, chip conveyor, and high-pressure coolant pumps! Machine was exclusively used for machining brass parts! CNC Turning and Milling Center | EMCO Hyperturn 665 MC Plus with main and sub-spindle, C and Y axes, dual turrets each with 12 driven tool stations! Technical Data: Swing diameter over bed: 600 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 500 mm Control: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Max. turning diameter: 430 mm Max. turning length: 744 mm Max. bar capacity: 65 mm Travel - X: 270 mm Travel - Z: 750 mm Travel - X2: 205 mm Bledsxzq Ncepfx Aa Ijn Travel - Z2: 750 mm Travel - Y: 100 (+/- 50) mm Main spindle speed: 0 - 5,000 rpm Sub-spindle speed: 0 - 7,000 rpm Tool turret: 2x 12 positions, all driven! Tool holder: VDI 30 Upper turret: X, Z, Y axes Lower turret: X, Z axes Sub-spindle traverse (left/right): Z3 axis C11 spindle: 65 mm diameter (hollow chuck cylinder) C12 spindle: 45 mm diameter (solid chuck cylinder) with part ejector Tool turret type: Sauter 2x 14 bar high-pressure pumps Accessories: Complete tooling cabinet with driven and static toolholders as well as carbide inserts and tool holders Collet chucks for main and sub-spindle Full documentation etc. Machine available immediately! Ready for operation! Loading will be handled by us! Transport can be organized upon request!

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, Equipped with DMG MORI M730 UM MAPPS CELOS control system. Year of manufacture: 10/2017, Commissioned: 1/2018 Turning diameter: 356 mm Travel in X: 260 mm Travel in Z: 795 mm Travel in Y: +- 50 mm Bledozmfxispfx Aa Ien Spindle bore: 91 mm Main spindle speed range: 4000 rpm Counter spindle speed range: 4500 rpm Driven tool speed range: 10000 rpm Including the following accessories: Work area door with interior lighting 20-position turret with 20 driven stations C-axis, Y-axis Touch probe (Marposs) Counter spindle, parts catcher Workpiece conveyor, workpiece unloader Manual tool presetter (HS) Removable tool presetter (GS) 3-jaw chuck, hydraulic, Kitagawa BB 210 with foot pedal (HS) 3-jaw chuck, hydraulic, Kitagawa B 208 with foot pedal (GS) Bar loader IRCO BREUNING ILS - MUK Various tool holders, 0-40 mm Direct path measuring system, X, Y, Z axes Signal lamp, 4-color Chip conveyor High-pressure coolant system with compact filter unit, 70 bar / 700 l tank Operating manuals

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 810 mm, turning diameter: 320 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, spindle bore: 73 mm, rotational speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, bar passage: 65 mm, bar diameter (max.): 65 mm, We offer this used Mori Seiki NZ2000 CNC turning and milling center, manufactured in 2011. Fully automated twin-spindle production cell with FANUC robot, PROMOT Automation, and TOP XF380 bar feeder. Year of manufacture: 2011 For sale is a MORI SEIKI NZ2000 T2 CNC turning machine as a complete, automated production cell with PROMOT Automation, FANUC industrial robot, and TOP Automazioni XF380 bar feeder. This system is particularly notable for its exceptional automation concept, of which there are only two in Europe. The combination of main spindle, counter-spindle, two turrets, bar feeder, and robot automation allows different machining and material flow processes to be automated within a single system. The main spindle is supplied with bar material via the TOP Automazioni XF380 bar feeder. The bar capacity of the machine is 65 mm. Finished parts can be ejected on this side via the existing parts ejector. Simultaneously, the FANUC industrial robot with PROMOT Automation handles the automated workpiece handling on the counter-spindle side. The workpieces are placed on or removed from a rotary table with multiple workpiece holders. This enables highly productive simultaneous machining on the main and counter-spindle. The system thus combines practically two automated machining processes within a single production cell. Equipment / Highlights  MORI SEIKI NZ2000 T2  Year of manufacture 2011  Main and counter-spindle  2 turrets  Simultaneous machining capabilities  Driven tools  TOP Automazioni XF380 bar feeder, year of manufacture 2011  Bar capacity MORI SEIKI NZ2000 T2: 65 mm  Automatic material feed via bar material  Parts ejector on the main spindle side  PROMOT Automation robot cell, year of manufacture 2011  FANUC industrial robot  Automatic loading and unloading on the counter-spindle side  Rotary table / workpiece storage with multiple workpiece holders  Integrated safety device and protective enclosure  Fully integrated and coordinated production cell Technical data Bsdpfoz A S Uyjx Aa Ijln  Max. turning diameter: approx. 320 mm  Max. turning length: approx. 810 mm  Bar capacity MORI SEIKI NZ2000 T2: 65 mm  Spindle bore: approx. 73 mm  Max. spindle speed main and counter-spindle: up to 5,000 rpm  2 tool turrets  Driven tools  C-axis on main and counter-spindle  Design without Y-axis  Simultaneous machining on main and counter-spindle  TOP Automazioni XF380 bar feeder, year of manufacture 03/2011  Bar capacity of the entire system: up to 65 mm round material, limited by the particularity of the system. In contrast to a conventional NZ2000 T2, this is not simply a CNC turning machine with a robot added later. The system was designed as a complete, automated manufacturing cell. Bar machining and robot handling can be combined within the same machine. While one side performs machining of bar material via the main spindle, the counter-spindle side can be automatically loaded and unloaded via the FANUC robot. This concept enables high machine utilization and is particularly suitable for series production and low-manned or automated production operations. If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Year of construction: 2004, condition: ready for operation (used), A Gildemeister CNC double-spindle turning and milling center including coolant system and chip conveyor is available. Turning diameter over bed: 640mm, machining diameter: 400mm, center distance: 1930mm, travel X/Z: 550mm/1585mm, travel Y: +/-110mm, B-axis: +/-120° (interpolating), C-axis: 360°. Main spindle: power: 36kW/45kW, speed: 4000rpm, torque: 600Nm-730Nm, bore: 107mm. Milling spindle: Speed: 12000rpm, power: 13.2kW/22kW, torque: 100Nm. Tool places: 60, carrier: turret 12-fold star SW 380, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 9300mm/4600mm/3100mm, weight: approx. 20000kg, control: Siemens Sinumerik 840D powerline. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Bsdpfxjwmdv Aj Aa Isln

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Ref. -No.: 10465 Manufacturer: IGREK Type: FR 1000 T Year of construction: 2025 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: Siemens / Heidenhain Storage location: Istanbul Country of origin: Türkiye X-Travel: 1350 mm Y-Travel: 1500 mm Z-Travel: 900 mm B-Axis: ° C-Axis: 360 ° Spindle Taper: HSK-T100 Turntable diameter: 1000 mm Table Load: 2000 kg Tool Piece Magazine With: 48 Pcs./pcs. Spindle Speed: 15000 RPM Rapid Travel X/Y/Z: 48 mm / min Drive Capacity - Spindle Motor: 35 kW Max Spindle Torque: 220 Nm Machine length: 3200 mm Machine width: 6400 mm Machine Height: 4050 mm Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 40 t Further information: IGREK FR 1000 T – Compact precision for demanding applications The IGREK FR 1000 T is a CNC turning and milling center with 5-axis simultaneous machining that combines state-of-the-art technology in a compact design. Manufactured in 2024, this machine is ready for immediate use and is ideal for the precise machining of medium-sized workpieces in a wide range of industries. Key features: Compact performance: Traverse paths of 1,350 mm (X), 1,500 mm (Y) and 900 mm (Z) and a table load capacity of up to 2,000 kg provide optimal conditions for flexible applications. 5-axis simultaneous machining: With a B-axis (°/°) and a C-axis (360°), even complex geometries can be precisely machined. High-performance spindle: The spindle achieves speeds of up to 15,000 rpm, a maximum torque of 220 Nm and a drive power of 35 kW – ideal for demanding milling work. Extended capacity: A tool magazine with 48 tool spaces and the HSK-T100 holder enable quick changes and efficient processes. Top speed: Rapid feed speeds of 48 m/min on all axes minimize machining times. Bsdsxmd S Iepfx Aa Ioln Technical data at a glance: Traverse paths: X 1,350 mm / Y 1,500 mm / Z 900 mm Rotary table diameter: 1,000 mm Max. table load: 2,000 kg Spindle power: 35 kW Spindle speed: up to 15,000 rpm Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 3,200 x 6,400 x 4,050 mm Weight: approx. 40 tons Additional advantages: Thanks to the latest control systems (Siemens or Heidenhain) and a robust machine concept, the IGREK FR 1000 T is suitable for both single-part and series production. The manufacturer offers international service and comprehensive warranties. Discover the IGREK FR 1000 T as your reliable partner for precise and efficient manufacturing – now available from stock. Contact us for more information!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 44,087 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 02620000651, overall weight: 6,360 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, Gildemeister/DMG Mori CTX 2500/700 CNC Turning Machining Center (2019) – used and operational The machine is operational and in good condition, and is available for any testing. Year: 2019 Technical details: Serial No.: 02620000651 Driven spindles: Rated speed: 4,000/5,000 rpm Net weight: 6,360 kg Bsdjzxxh Uopfx Aa Isln Total operating hours: 44,087 h Spindle hours: 27,832 h Cooling unit Chip conveyor Coolant treatment system Control system Manufacturer: DMG Mori Model: Ergoline Tool turret 14 positions For driven tools Condition: very good, operational Ready for immediate delivery The machine runs without any problems. The machine is available at H.B.R. srl – Calolziocorte (LC) – Italy. You can inspect and test the machine with your own staff.