Used Kalmar Fc50 20-40” for sale (44,288)

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 3038, Year of construction: 2014, load capacity: 14,000 kg, lifting height: 4,050 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 200 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, total length: 4,960 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, operation weight: 17,180 kg, additional equipment features: Dual tread, Warning triangle, Equipment: lighting, Kalmar DCG140-6 from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Wheel size – Drive wheel: 315/80 R22.5 Iedpfx Amjyuh E Ajisib Wheel size – Steering wheel: 315/80 R22.5

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 3270, Year of construction: 2012, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 4,540 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 200 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, total length: 4,450 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, operation weight: 17,820 kg, additional equipment features: Dual tread, Front mud guards, Weight system, Equipment: lighting, Kalmar DCE120-6 from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Supersoft Wheel type – Steering wheel: Supersoft Iodpfxoyuiabs Amioib Wheel size – Drive wheel: 11.00-20 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 11.00-20

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 3145, Year of construction: 2009, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 4,250 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 180 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, total length: 4,730 mm, total width: 2,650 mm, operation weight: 17,660 kg, additional equipment features: Centralized greasing system, Manual sliding cabin, Dual tread, Front mud guards, Equipment: lighting, Kalmar DCE120-6 from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Iodpfx Amjyuh N Isioib Wheel size – Drive wheel: 12.00-20 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 12.00-20

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 2825, Year of construction: 2002, load capacity: 20,000 kg, lifting height: 4,070 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 250 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, total length: 6,020 mm, total width: 3,100 mm, operation weight: 31,200 kg, additional equipment features: Dual tread, Rear mud guards, Warning triangle, Manual sliding cabin, Equipment: lighting, Kalmar DCD200-12LB from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Wheel size – Drive wheel: 14.00-24 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 14.00-24 Ijdpeyuhv Iefx Amijib

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 2678, Year of construction: 2007, load capacity: 20,000 kg, lifting height: 3,630 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 250 mm, fork length: 1,800 mm, total length: 5,530 mm, total width: 3,070 mm, operation weight: 33,400 kg, additional equipment features: Dual tread, Front mud guards, Rear mud guards, Warning triangle, Centralized greasing system, Equipment: lighting, Kalmar DCD200-12LB from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Iijdpfxjyuhq Ee Amijb Wheel size – Drive wheel: 14.00-24 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 14.00-24

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 2646, Year of construction: 2013, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 4,000 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 200 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, total length: 4,650 mm, total width: 2,500 mm, operation weight: 16,840 kg, additional equipment features: Dual tread, Weight system, Warning triangle, Centralized greasing system, Equipment: lighting, Kalmar DCG120-6 from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Supersoft Iedpfjyuhqlox Amijib Wheel type – Steering wheel: Supersoft Wheel size – Drive wheel: 12.00-20 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 12.00-20

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 1566, Year of construction: 1999, load capacity: 22,000 kg, lifting height: 4,010 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 250 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, total length: 6,300 mm, total width: 3,100 mm, operation weight: 32,500 kg, additional equipment features: Dual tread, Weight system, Warning triangle, Equipment: lighting, Kalmar DCD220-12LB from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Wheel size – Drive wheel: 14.00 x 24 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 14.00 x 24 Iisdpfxjyuhg He Amijb

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 17,619 h, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 3,220 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: simplex, construction height: 3,250 mm, fork carriage width: 2,750 mm, fork length: 2,200 mm, empty load weight: 16,500 kg, total length: 4,600 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 2,750 mm, Diesel forklift Iisdpfou Uwcbox Amijb Load center: 600 mm Fork width: 200 mm Fork thickness: 65 mm Mast type: Standard Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: Very good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 12.00-20 Rear tires type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 12.00-20 Description: In addition to this Kalmar model, we have around 200 heavy-duty forklifts, compact forklifts, forklifts, and sideloaders in stock at our Hamburg and Gdansk warehouses. Visit our homepage - sago-online. Hire purchase and financing on attractive terms are always available. We are also happy to purchase your used equipment, even if you are not buying a vehicle from us. Our owner, Mr. Peter Sawitzki, will be happy to provide you with detailed advice on this DCG120-6. P.S.: Our forklift master workshop specializes in repairs, refurbishment, overhauls, and custom builds for forklifts from 8 tons upwards. We can also offer to sell your vehicle on commission. Sideshift, fork positioner, Fork positioner opening range: 575 / 2620 mm Heater, full cabin,

Condition: refurbished (used), battery capacity: 500 Ah, battery voltage: 48 V, total height: 752 mm, total length: 890 mm, total width: 606 mm, Tested forklift battery for your truck – 48V 5PZS 500Ah – special battery tray + 1 year warranty + incl. aquamatic system + incl. end discharge cable & REMA 320 connector (other connectors can be fitted on request) + Capacity: min. 90–100% (C5 capacity test protocol included upon delivery) + Year of manufacture: 2024 Dimensions: Length 890 mm Isdpfey Rnmysx Amieib Width 606 mm Height 752 mm Weight: approx. 930 kg Suitable for the following models and others: Still RX 20-15 Still RX 20-20 Still RX 20-20 P Toyota 5FBE15 Bendi B40/48E-180D Caterpillar EP16N Doosan B20X-5 Hyundai 18BT-9 JAC CPD25 Manitou ME 318 Mitsubishi FB16KT Nichiyu FBT80 Common battery sizes available, feel free to inquire. Transport possible.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: T331030690, Year of construction: 1999, operating hours: 19,283 h, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 4,500 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: simplex, construction height: 3,750 mm, drive type: Diesel, Diesel forklift Chassis number: T331030690 Load center: 600 Mast type: Standard Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tire type: Pneumatic Rear tire type: Pneumatic Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, front windshield, interior mirror, windshield wiper, Iisdpey Ii Imsfx Amieb

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 5 h, load capacity: 16,000 kg, lifting height: 4,500 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 3,130 mm, power: 168 kW (228.42 HP), motor manufacturer: Cummins, fork length: 2,400 mm, tire condition: 100 %, front tire type: pneumatic tires (air-filled), front tire size: 12.00-20 / 20PR, rear tire type: pneumatic tires (air-filled), rear tire size: 12.00-20 / 20PR, overall weight: 22,400 kg, color: red, Equipment: CE marking, air conditioning, cabin, front guard, lighting, pallet forks, sideshift, 🔧 Key Specifications: • Year: 2025 • Operating hours: 5 h • Fuel type: Diesel • Capacity: 16,000 kg • Lowered mast height: 3,130 mm • Max lift height: 4.50 m • Power: 168 kW (228 hp) • Fork positioner: Yes • Mast type: Triplex • Fork length: 2,400 mm • Side shift: Yes • Cab type: Full cabin (Closed) with Airco • Oil cooler: Yes • CE certification: Yes ✨ Highlights: ✅ Carefully selected from trusted sources with verifiable history ✅ CE certification and full documentation included ✅ Equipped with Side-shift & Fork positioners ✅ Airco for operator comfort ✅ Oil cooler for optimal performance ✅ Ready for immediate transport and operation ✅ Comprehensive technical documentation available ⚙️ Condition: Clean, fully operational machine in excellent condition. Immediate availability from our Sittard stock. 🌍 Location & Delivery: 📍 Located in Sittard, the Netherlands 🚚 Worldwide delivery possible 💰 Competitive EXW pricing (excluding VAT) Reliable first-owner machines with complete service history and expert technical support. Benefit from one of the largest European stocks of new and used equipment. All machines are CE certified, and ready for immediate use. Spare parts and professional assistance available upon request. 🚚 Delivery: Iisdpfx Amoy Hpmaoieb • Crane loading available on request for hassle-free handling at departure • Flexible dispatch options tailored to your destination and logistics preferences • All shipping handled professionally by Colle Rental & Sales logistics team

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 1 h, load capacity: 16,000 kg, lifting height: 4,000 mm, load center: 1,200 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: duplex, construction height: 3,695 mm, power: 168 kW (228.42 HP), motor manufacturer: Cummins, gearing type: converter, fork carriage width: 2,500 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, fork width: 250 mm, fork thickness: 100 mm, ground clearance: 350 mm, tire condition: 100 %, front tire type: pneumatic tires (air-filled), front tire size: 12.00-20 / 20PR, rear tire type: pneumatic tires (air-filled), rear tire size: 12.00-20 / 20PR, overall weight: 23,700 kg, color: red, Equipment: CE marking, air conditioning, front guard, head guard, lighting, pallet forks, sideshift, 🔧 Key Specifications: • Year: 2025 • Operating hours: 0 h • Fuel type: Diesel • Capacity: 16,000 kg • Load center distance: 1200 mm • Lowered mast height: 3,695 mm • Max lift height: 4,000 mm • Engine: Cummins 6-cylinder – 168 kW (225 hp) • Mast type: Duplex • Fork length: 2,400 mm • Side shift: Yes • Fork positioner: Yes • Cab: Full cabin (EGO) with air conditioning • CE certification: Yes ✨ Highlights: ✅ Brand new, unused machine ✅ Cummins 6-cylinder engine (168 kW) – powerful & reliable ✅ Full cabin with air conditioning for maximum operator comfort ✅ Equipped with side-shift & fork positioners for precise handling ✅ Air tyres 12.00-20 / 20PR (6 pcs) for heavy-duty applications ✅ Oil cooler for optimal performance under load ✅ LED rotating beacon & back-up alarm for enhanced safety ✅ Working lights front & rear for low-light conditions ✅ CE certified with full documentation Iiedpfx Amjy Hpk Soiob ✅ Ready for immediate deployment ⚙️ Condition: Brand new, unused forklift in perfect condition. Available directly from our stock in Sittard. 🌍 Location & Delivery: 📍 Sittard, the Netherlands 🚚 Worldwide delivery available 💰 Competitive EXW pricing (excl. VAT) 📝 Description: The Kalmar DCG160-12 is a heavy-duty diesel forklift designed for demanding industrial and port operations. With a lifting capacity of 16,000 kg and a maximum lifting height of 4.0 metres, this machine delivers outstanding performance in intensive applications. Powered by a robust Cummins 6-cylinder Stage V engine (168 kW), the forklift ensures reliable and efficient operation. The hydrodynamic Powershift transmission guarantees smooth handling, while the fully enclosed EGO cabin with air conditioning provides excellent operator comfort. This unit is equipped with air tyres (12.00-20 / 20PR), oil cooler, LED rotating beacon, back-up alarm, and working lights at both front and rear. The inclusion of side-shift and fork positioners allows precise load control, making it ideal for heavy-duty material handling tasks. 🚚 Delivery: • Crane loading available on request • Flexible shipping options worldwide • Professionally handled by Colle Rental & Sales logistics team

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 4,515 h, load capacity: 18,000 kg, lifting height: 4,500 mm, load center: 1,200 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, power: 168 kW (228.42 HP), motor manufacturer: Cummins QSB6.7, fork carriage width: 2,600 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, fork width: 260 mm, fork thickness: 110 mm, tire condition: 70 %, front tire size: 14.00-24, rear tire size: 14.00-24, overall weight: 33,540 kg, color: blue, Equipment: CE marking, air conditioning, cabin, centralized greasing system, pallet forks, sideshift, === KEY SPECIFICATIONS === Year of manufacture: 2019 Operating hours: 4,515 h Max. lifting capacity: 18,000 kg Max. lifting height: 4.5 m Mast type: Triplex Fork length: approx. 2,400 mm Sideshift fork carriage: Yes Drive: Diesel Transmission: Automatic (powershift) Cabin: Enclosed Heated cabin: Yes Tyres: Pneumatic Stabilisers: No Engine manufacturer: Cummins QSB6.7 Emission class: Stage IV / V Weight: 33,540 kg CE certification: Yes === HIGHLIGHTS === Carefully selected from reliable sources with verifiable history CE certification and full documentation included Ready for immediate transport and operation Extensive technical documentation available Heavy-duty 18-ton diesel forklift Triplex mast with free lift Sideshift fork carriage Comfort operator cabin Hydrodynamic powershift transmission Oil-cooled wet disc brakes Hydraulic servo steering Continental pneumatic tyres Rear view camera system Ideal for heavy industrial handling, steel, concrete and port logistics. === CONDITION === Excellent working condition – fully inspected, serviced and tested by certified professionals. Iiodpfx Ameyid Iyoiob Inspection available upon request. Tyres in good condition (approx. 70%). Machine ready for immediate work. === LOCATION & PRICE === Located in Sittard, the Netherlands. Worldwide delivery available. Price on request (EXW / excl. VAT). Reliable machines from first owner with full service history and professional technical support. Benefit from one of the largest European stocks of new and used machines. All machines are fully inspected, CE certified and ready for immediate use. Spare parts and professional assistance available upon request. === DELIVERY === Crane loading available on request for smooth transport during shipment. Flexible shipping options tailored to your destination and logistical preferences. All transports are professionally handled by the Collé Rental & Sales logistics team.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 12,190 h, lifting height: 4,500 mm, fuel type: diesel, power: 185 kW (251.53 HP), motor manufacturer: Volvo TAD 873 VE, gearing type: hydrostat, fork length: 2,400 mm, Empty weight: 25.000 kg Lifting capacity: 18.000 kg Maximum passing height: 335 cm Dimensions of cargo space: 609 x 305 x 323 cm Tyre brand: Trelleborg Front tyre size: 12.00 – 20 Iisdoxf Eb Uopfx Amijb Rear tyre size: 12.00 – 20 Production country: SE Please contact Sales Department Collé Sittard for more information

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, lifting height: 4,000 mm, fuel type: diesel, power: 168 kW (228.42 HP), motor manufacturer: Cammins, gearing type: automatic, fork length: 2,400 mm, Transmission Transmission: 14 gears, Automatic Weights Empty weight: 34.820 kg Functional Lifting capacity: 25.000 kg Dimensions of cargo space: 609 x 305 x 382 cm CE mark: yes Condition General condition: very good Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Iiodpoxf Ebnofx Amisb Other information Front tyres / undercarriage remaining: 100 Rear tyres remaining : 100 Fork carriage: Reach forks Production country: SE Additional information Please contact Sales Department Collé Sittard for more information = Additional options and accessories = - Heater

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 3546, Year of construction: 1998, load capacity: 42,000 kg, lifting height: 14,700 mm, mast type: telescopic, total width: 4,200 mm, operation weight: 67,200 kg, Kalmar DRD420-60S5 from Uniktruck Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Iedpfx Ajyuimzjmisib Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Wheel size – Drive wheel: 18.00x25 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 18.00x25

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 1710, Year of construction: 1998, load capacity: 32,000 kg, lifting height: 6,500 mm, mast type: duplex, fork length: 2,400 mm, total length: 6,800 mm, total width: 3,200 mm, operation weight: 41,000 kg, Kalmar DCD320-12LB from Uniktruck Iodpfxoyuhhds Amieib Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Wheel size – Drive wheel: 16.00x25 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 16.00x25

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: B11400174, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 22,288 h, load capacity: 42,000 kg, lifting height: 15,000 mm, fuel type: diesel, power: 265 kW (360.30 HP), empty load weight: 66,820 kg, drive type: Diesel, Full Container Reachstacker Chassis number: B11400174 Transmission: ZF 5WG 261 Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tyre type: pneumatic Rear tyre type: pneumatic Isdpfx Amjy Scz Usisib Description:

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 12,134 h, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 5,000 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: duplex, construction height: 4,195 mm, power: 168 kW (228.42 HP), fork length: 2,400 mm, drive type: Diesel, Diesel forklift Load center: 1200 mm Fork width: 250 mm Fork thickness: 100 mm Mast type: Duplex Condition: Refurbished with warranty Technical condition: Very good Front tires type: Pneumatic Iiodpfx Asy Scwpemiob Rear tires type: Pneumatic Description: FULLY OVERHAULED by KALMAR!!! Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work lights, front work lights, heater, road approval (STVZO), full cabin, air conditioning, twin tires, interior mirror, exterior mirror, rotating beacon, fork positioner, sideshift, height-adjustable forks, cabin with heater and radio, air conditioning, road lighting, work lights front and rear, turbo air filter, Lincoln central lubrication system.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: T34109.0004, Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 3,200 h, load capacity: 25,000 kg, lifting height: 10,300 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: telescopic, power: 280 kW (380.69 HP), empty load weight: 53,200 kg, drive type: Diesel, Full-container Reachstacker Chassis number: T34109.0004 Load center: 1200 Mast type: Telescopic Transmission: ZF 4WG-260 Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Isdpey Scvlofx Amisib Technical condition: Very good Front tires type: Pneumatic Rear tires type: Pneumatic Description: 4x4 – Rough Terrain Container Handler INCLUDING CE Certification!!! Heating, full cab, air conditioning,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: B11500079, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 9,493 h, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 16,200 mm, fuel type: diesel, power: 185 kW (251.53 HP), empty load weight: 39,700 kg, drive type: Diesel, Empty Container Reachstacker Chassis number: B11500079 Load center: 1220 Isdpfx Amoy Scvfsisib Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: Very good Front tires type: Pneumatic Rear tires type: Pneumatic Description:

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 2249, Year of construction: 1989, load capacity: 32,000 kg, lifting height: 6,500 mm, mast type: duplex, fork carriage width: 300 mm, fork length: 2,500 mm, total length: 6,800 mm, total width: 3,400 mm, operation weight: 42,800 kg, additional equipment features: Weight system, Centralized greasing system, Kalmar DCB32-1200 from Uniktruck Ijdpfxsyuhlpe Amisib Wheel type – Drive wheel: Pneumatic Wheel type – Steering wheel: Pneumatic Wheel size – Drive wheel: 16.00x25 Wheel size – Steering wheel: 16.00x25

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 16,497 h, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 5,540 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: simplex, construction height: 4,220 mm, fork carriage width: 2,720 mm, fork length: 2,500 mm, empty load weight: 16,520 kg, total length: 4,650 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 2,520 mm, Diesel forklift Load center: 600 mm Fork width: 300 mm Fork thickness: 95 mm Mast type: Standard Condition: Operational and fully functional Technical condition: Very good Front tire type: Superelastic Front tire size: 12.00-20 Rear tire type: Superelastic Rear tire size: 12.00-20 Description: In addition to this Kalmar model, we have around 200 heavy-duty forklifts, compact forklifts, pallet trucks, and side loaders in stock at our Hamburg and Gdansk warehouses. Visit our website - sago-online. Lease-purchase and financing on favorable terms are always possible with us. We are also happy to purchase your used equipment outright, even if you do not purchase a vehicle from us. Our owner, Mr. Peter Sawitzki, will be happy to provide you with detailed advice regarding this DCE120-6. P.S.: Our master forklift workshop specializes in repair, maintenance, overhaul, and custom builds for forklifts from 8 tons and up. We are also happy to consign your vehicle for sale through us. Isdpfx Asx H A Taemijib Sideshift, fork positioner, Fork positioner opening range: 640 / 2600 mm Heater, full cab, air conditioning,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2015, load capacity: 25,000 kg, total length: 860 mm, construction width: 810 mm, Crane arm Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Isdpfju Dzcmsx Amisib Technical condition: very good Description: In addition to this Kalmar model, we have approx. 200 heavy-duty forklift trucks, compact forklift trucks, forklift trucks & sideloaders in our warehouse in Hamburg and Gdansk. Visit our homepage - sago-online Hire purchase & financing at favorable conditions are always feasible for us. We are also happy to buy your used truck free of charge, even without you purchasing a vehicle from us. Our owner Mr. Peter Sawitzki will be happy to advise you in detail on this P.S.: Our master forklift workshop specializes in repair, maintenance, overhaul and special construction for forklifts from 8 tons. We are also happy to display your vehicle for sale on consignment.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 16,497 h, load capacity: 12,000 kg, lifting height: 5,540 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: simplex, construction height: 4,220 mm, empty load weight: 16,520 kg, total length: 4,650 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 2,520 mm, Diesel forklift Load centre: 600 Mast type: Standard Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: Very good Front tyres type: Super elastic Iiedpsx H A Tgsfx Amieb Front tyres size: 12.00-20 Rear tyres type: Super elastic Rear tyres size: 12.00-20 Description: In addition to this Kalmar model, we have approximately 200 heavy-duty forklifts, compact forklifts, counterbalance forklifts, and sideloaders in stock at our Hamburg and Gdansk warehouses. Visit our website – sago-online. Lease purchase and attractive financing options are always available. We are also happy to buy your used vehicle outright, even if you do not purchase a vehicle from us. Our owner, Mr. Peter Sawitzki, will gladly provide detailed advice on this DCE120-6. P.S.: Our forklift master workshop specialises in repair, maintenance, refurbishment, and custom build solutions for forklifts from 8 tons and up. We are also happy to offer your vehicle on consignment sale. Clamp attachment Heater, full cabin, air conditioning,