Used Ycm Vertical Machining Center for sale (71,870)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, workpiece weight (max.): 35,000 kg, total length: 15,600 mm, total height: 6,000 mm, total width: 6,000 mm, overall weight: 155,000 kg, Technical Data Max. workpiece diameter: 3,800 mm Max. rotational speed: 100 min⁻¹ Workpiece clamping: manual Chuck: Röhm Tool holder: Capto C8 Tool magazines: 2 × 47 slots (94 slots total) Travel Paths X1-axis (right support): 3,200 mm X2-axis (left support): 2,800 mm Z1-axis (right support): 750 mm Z2-axis (left support): 750 mm Workpiece Spindle Speed range up to 100 min⁻¹ Nominal power: 67.4 kW Isdpfxszwa Rbo Akpetn Maximum power: 202.2 kW Max. torque: 71.6 kNm Max. table load: 35,000 kg Water-cooled motor spindle Multifunction Head B-axis with stepless positioning Swivel range: 180° Driven tools up to 6,000 min⁻¹ Hydraulic clamping Direct measuring system High-pressure cooling up to 70 bar Tool Magazines 2 chain magazines with 47 slots each Tool diameter up to 120 mm Up to 150 mm with appropriate magazine configuration Max. tool length: 400 mm Max. tool weight: 20 kg Chip and Coolant System 2 Knoll chip conveyors Knoll band filter system KF400-2300 Electrical Data Operating voltage: 3 × 400 V AC Protection class: IP55 Connected load: 280 kVA Control: Siemens SINUMERIK 840D sl Component weight max.: 35,000 kg Swing: 3,800 mm Rotation height max.: 2,100 mm Weight approx.: 155,000 kg Dimensions (LxWxH) approx.: 15600 x 6000 x 6000 mm Table diameter: 3,800 mm Year of construction: 2,018 Condition: good Terms of payment: 100% prepayment before pick-up Terms of delivery: EXW EX Works under power: Yes

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, Table size 3500 x 820 mm, table load 2500 kgs, traverses XYZ 3000 x 800 x 720mm, Rapid federate 50m/min, Spindle power 35Kw, spindle speed 18,000rpm, 30 station ATC, Itjdpfjz Ha H Sjx Akpen Spindle taper CT40, Mazak Smooth Control, B axis +/- 110 degrees, C axis 0.001 degrees, Through spindle coolant, swarf conveyor.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 470 mm, controller manufacturer: Mazatrol, controller model: SmoothX, workpiece height (max.): 320 mm, workpiece diameter (max.): 500 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 200 kg, total height: 2,933 mm, total length: 3,650 mm, total width: 2,984 mm, overall weight: 6,800 kg, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 1,114 h, coolant supply: 70 bar, spindle motor power: 15 W, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 48, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, We are pleased to offer this well-maintained CNC 5-axis vertical machining centre. It is a Mazak CV5-500 from fitted with the Mazatrol Smooth X control system. The machine is in a like new condition with 1114 spindlehours. Iedpfx Akez Ndxkjpjtn Technical specifications: Table dimensions: Ø 500 mm Number of pallets: 1 Max. workpiece dimensions: 500 x 320 mm Max. workpiece weight: 200 kg X-axis travel: 730 mm Y-axis travel: 450 mm Z-axis travel: 470 mm C-axis (work table rotation): 360° B-axis travel: ±110 (220) ° Spindle speed: 18,000 rpm Spindle mount: HSK A-63 Spindle motor: 15/11 kW Number of positions in tool magazine: 48 We realise that you may wish to receive further information or view the machine. In that case, please contact us, providing your company details so that we can get in touch with you. About Mamach Machinehandel: With over 40 years’ experience in the CNC machinery sector, we are now one of Europe’s leading suppliers of metalworking machinery. Our success is based on high quality, customer-focused service and a strong international network. Discover our wide range of used CNC lathes and machining centres – we’d be happy to advise you personally!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, 3-axis vertical machining center Year of manufacture: 2012 Further details will follow. Itsdoz Rkarspfx Akpjn

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, Haas VF-2SSYT Year of manufacture: 2012 Spindle speed: 12,000 RPM CT40 taper Tool Set Carousel (TSC) Workpiece Probe System (WPS) Renishaw probing system 4th axis, wired Ijdpfx Aoz Ihc Rokpjtn Video available!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, Heidenhain iTNC 530 control unit, Working area X 600 x Y 450 x Z 450 mm Spindle mount CAT40, 24-position automatic tool changer, 20,000 rpm spindle Machine weight 6,100 kg, Connection 16 kW Ijdpfsz Hm Dkjx Akpetn Fuse rating 32 A Operating voltage 400 V, 50/60 Hz

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, CNC vertical machining center "KUNZMANN BA 1000 SK" Equipped with Heidenhain iTNC 530 path control. Year of manufacture: 2013 Travel ranges: X 1020 mm, Y 620 mm, Z 920 mm Spindle speed range: 1 – 14,000 rpm, stepless With the following accessories: - Fixed angular table, 1200 mm x 610 mm clamping surface - NC attachment rotary table WALTER, diameter 500 mm - B-axis swivel head (torque drive), +30 / -120 degrees - Vertical tool changer with 40 magazine positions (SK 40) Itsdpfsyx Ua Aex Akpsn - 3D Heidenhain touch probe - Electronic handwheel - Fixed full enclosure with internal lighting - Coolant through spindle (IKZ system) - Coolant system - Oil mist extraction - Chip conveyor - Operating manual

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 1,800 h, FEELER VMP-1100 CNC Vertical Machining Centre with NIKKEN CNC202 FA 4th Axis Year 2012 Control FANUC 0i-MD Table size 600 x 1200 mm Travels XYZ 1100 x 610 x 600 mm Spindle nose to table 137 - 735 mm Spindle centre to column 660 mm Spindle speeds to 10000 rpm Spindle taper BT 40 Iedoz R Tn Hepfx Akpstn Spindle motor 18.5 kW Number of tools 30 ATC Rapid traverse X & Y 36 m/min, Z 24 m/min Weight 6800 kg Supplied with: BLUM Tool Probe, Swarf Augers, Rear Swarf Conveyor, Spindle Chiller, Filtermist FX5002, Tooling Package. NIKKEN CNC202 FA 4th Axis complete with 200 mm Diameter Faceplate, 135 mm Centre Height, 115 mm Riser Block, Tailstock and Mounting Sub Plate/Table. For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock No: #27003 Machine Serial Number: VNJ1074 Cost: £34,950.00 + VAT

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, Heidenhain iTNC 530 CNC control Travel ranges: X-axis 1.016 mm Y-axis 610 mm Z-axis 760 mm Spindle speed 10.000 rpm Tool holder HSK 80 Power 12 kW Table clamping surface 1.250 x 590 mm Table load 900 kg Feed rate 40.000 mm/min. Machine weight 9.400 kg Equipment: Heidenhain iTNC 530 CNC contouring control Electronic handwheel 3D touch probe Isdpfsz S H H Djx Akpetn tool changer 2-position pallet table Coolant system with internal coolant supply (ICS) Chip conveyor Oil mist extraction system

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2020, Traverses X Y Z: 762 x 508 x 610mm, Table 1020 x 510mm, Spindle speed 40 – 12000 rpm, Hurco Winmax 5 Control, Spindle taper DIN40, 30 ATC, Coolant, Low volt light, Swarf Conveyor Itedpjz Ha Aysfx Akpen

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 9,300 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 460 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 520 mm, controller manufacturer: fanuc, table width: 400 mm, table height: 400 mm, table length: 1,000 mm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, coolant supply: 20 bar, number of slots in tool magazine: 24, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, The machine is powered on and can be demonstrated. The measuring probe and tool measurement system are included. Iedjz Iifmspfx Akpstn

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 7,800 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1172799, spindle speed (min.): 15,000 rpm, Equipment: chip conveyor, rotational speed infinitely variable, Haas UMC-750 5 Axis Vertical Machining Centre with Haas CNC Control, 630mm x 500mm Table, Travels X Axis 762mm, Y Axis 508mm, Z Axis 508mm, Through spindle coolant, Ijdpox Uznfjfx Akpjtn C Axis 360deg Rotation, B Axis -35deg to + 100deg, High speed machining enabled Spindle Speed 12,000rpm, 40 Tool ATC 2020 machine , BT40 Spindle Taper, Swarf Conveyor, Coolant System. S/No. 1172799 Wireless probing.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 39,500 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 15425021604, travel distance X-axis: 1,035 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 560 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, nominal power (apparent): 35 kVA, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, controller model: iTNC 530, total height: 2,700 mm, total length: 2,800 mm, total width: 2,800 mm, table length: 1,200 mm, rotational speed (min.): 12,000 rpm, overall weight: 5,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 16,075 h, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: DC, Equipment: documentation/manual, Vertical machining center DMG Deckel Maho DMC 1035 V, year of manufacture 2006. Machine has only processed plastics – in good condition! Itodpfx Aoz I Dl Iskpen Year of manufacture: 2006 Machine number: 15425021604 Condition: Good Delivery terms: Free on board (FOB) Location: 97944 Boxberg, Germany Payment terms: Prepayment – by bank transfer Internal No.: 180-1 Can be inspected while powered on: Yes Technical data: - Operating hours (machine running): approx. 39,447 h (will increase slightly) - Spindle hours: 16,075 h (will increase slightly) - Tool holder: SK40 - Max. spindle speed: 12,000 rpm - Tool magazine: 30 positions - Table dimensions: 1200 x 560 mm - Control system: Heidenhain iTNC 530 - Travels X / Y / Z: 1035 / 560 / 510 mm - 400 V / 50 Hz / 35 kVA Scope of delivery: - Manuals and documentation - Wireless measuring probe Heidenhain TS640 - Handwheel - Programmable 4th axis Lehmann - Clamping angle - Manual dividing head - Swiveling vice Note: The vices on the machine table and the tool holders in the magazine are not included in the scope of delivery! Dimensions & weights: - Installation dimensions L x W x H approx.: 2800 x 2800 x 2700 mm - Weight approx.: 5000 kg If you have any questions or would like to arrange a viewing, please do not hesitate to contact us! Additional information: ► On request, we can offer transport to the desired location. ► The quoted price is net, plus VAT. ► The goods are sold with the exclusion of any warranty. ► Technical data subject to change without notice. ► Subject to prior sale. ❗The sale of the goods is exclusively to business customers!❗

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,050 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 530 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, controller manufacturer: Mazak, controller model: SmoothG, workpiece weight (max.): 1,200 kg, total height: 2,810 mm, total length: 3,650 mm, total width: 3,100 mm, table width: 550 mm, table length: 1,300 mm, overall weight: 6,800 kg, spindle speed (min.): 35 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, coolant supply: 15 bar, spindle motor power: 18 W, spindle nose: DIN 67871A, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, We are pleased to offer this very well-maintained Mazak VCN 530C vertical machining centre with a Lehmann 500 Series 4th/5th axis, manufactured in 2017. The machine is equipped with the user-friendly Mazatrol SmoothG control system. This machine impresses with its high precision, reliability and productivity, and is ideally suited for single-part and batch production. Technical specifications: Table dimensions: 1300 x 550 mm Table load capacity: 1200 kg Number of pallets: 1 NC rotary table: Lehmann T1-510520LL X-axis travel: 1050 mm Y-axis travel: 530 mm Z-axis travel: 510 mm Iedpfsz Nd Tcjx Akpetn Spindle speed: 35 – 12,000 rpm Spindle mount: SK40/DIN 67871A Spindle motor: 18.5/11 kW Positions in tool magazine: 30 We realise that you may wish to receive further information or view the machine. In that case, please contact us, providing your company details so that we can get in touch with you. About Mamach Machinehandel: With over 40 years experience in the CNC machinery sector, we are now one of Europe’s leading suppliers of metalworking machinery. Our success is based on high quality, customer-focused service and a strong international network. Discover our wide range of used CNC lathes and machining centres – we’d be happy to advise you personally!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,060 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 760 mm, feed rate X-axis: 20 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 20 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 15 m/min, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, workpiece length (max.): 3,260 mm, workpiece width (max.): 1,700 mm, table load: 10,000 kg, overall weight: 23,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, spindle nose: BT50, AWEA DOUBLE-COLUMN MACHINING CENTER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Brand: Awea Model: SP-3016 CNC: Heidenhain Itodoz R Ducepfx Akpsn Spindle: BT50 (10,000 Rpm) X: 3060 mm Y: 1600 mm Z: 760 mm Distance between spindle and table: 200 - 960 mm Distance between columns: 1700 mm Table: 3260 mm x 1500 mm Maximum load capacity on table: 10 tons Internal coolant system Chip extractor PRICE AND FURTHER INFORMATION AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST (CNC, SIEMENS, HASS, LAGUN, FAGOR, CINCINNATI, HEIDENHAIN, MACHINING, PINACHO, MORISEIKI, MILLING MACHINE, LATHE, GRINDER, BORING MACHINE, PRESS, LASER, SHEAR, PRESS BRAKE)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Table size: 1800 x 800 mm Tool holder DIN 69871: ISO 40 Travel ranges: X-axis: 1615 mm Y-axis: 815 mm Z-axis: 725 mm Table load: 2000 kg Spindle speed range: 0 - 10,000 rpm Feed rate: up to 10 m/min Rapid traverse: 24 m/min Footprint (W x D x H): approx. 5400 x 4550 x 3120 mm Drive power: 15 / 18.5 kW Weight: 10,000 kg Accessories / Special features: Itodsyy Npnopfx Akpon • CNC control system FAGOR 8055 i/PLUS MS • Internal coolant supply through the spindle, 20 bar • 24-position tool changer • Hinged chip conveyor • Coolant system • CE compliant Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel / Germany

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 208, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 18,000 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 18,000 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 15,000 m/min, table width: 1,100 mm, table length: 450 mm, table load: 700 kg, overall weight: 7,000 kg, - Year of manufacture: 1994 - Single owner, used in-house - Fully operational, powered on, ready for demonstration Itedpfoz Ru Utsx Akpjn - Control system: Fanuc 0MC - X-axis travel: 800 mm - Y-axis travel: 450 mm - Z-axis travel: 510 mm - Table working area: 1100 x 450 mm - Max. permissible workpiece weight: 700 kg - Number and width of T-slots: 5 x 18 mm - Spindle speed range: 20 - 6000 rpm - Rapid traverse speed: 18000 (X) x 18000 (Y) x 15000 (Z) mm/min - Tool holder: SK40 / MAS BT40 - Tool magazine: 25 stations - Machine weight: 7000 kg - Serial no.: 208 Net price ex works, unloaded, at location Luckenwalde (Germany), excluding transport

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2024, Traverses X Y Z: 660mm x 406mm x 508mm, table size 762mm x 356mm, 10000rpm spindle, 20 station ATC, DIN40 spindle taper, Itodpoz Hayrefx Akpon Hurco WINMAX 5 control, coolant, Swarf Auger

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 8,950 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 762 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 406 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 508 mm, feed rate X-axis: 36 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 36 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 36 m/min, controller manufacturer: HAAS, controller model: CNC Control, workpiece weight (max.): 680 kg, total height: 2,570 mm, total length: 2,570 mm, total width: 2,510 mm, table width: 356 mm, table length: 914 mm, table load: 680 kg, overall weight: 3,600 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 8,950 h, spindle nose: CAT 40 / BT40, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 24, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, The Haas VF-2SS is a compact, high-speed 3-axis vertical CNC machining center. The “SS” stands for Super-Speed. This machine is installed and operational at our location and can be inspected while running! This HAAS VF-2 SS is equipped with: - SS (Super Speed) version. - 24-tool magazine. - Internal cooling (IKZ). - Chip conveyor. - Renishaw OTS tool probe. - Renishaw OMP40-2 3D probe. - Programmable coolant nozzle. - Air blow gun. - Coolant tank. Ijdpfx Aez Nhphjkpotn - Original documentation.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, Available for immediate pickup from our location: Vertical machining center, Bridgeport Type VMC 800 Year of manufacture: 2001 Spindle renewed in 2026 (€13,000) Heidenhain TNC 410 Table size: 1000 x 500 mm X/Y/Z travel: 800 / 500 / 500 mm Table load capacity: 750 kg SK 40 22-tool changer Spindle speeds up to 10,000 rpm Drive power: 11 kW Vises, chucks Weight: 4 tons Isdjz R Nt Ejpfx Akpetn Price: €9,000 plus VAT, ex works

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 14,000 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 2,300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain 530, controller model: Heidenhain ITNC 530, rotational speed (min.): 8,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 8,000 rpm, coolant supply: 20 bar, number of spindles: 1, input voltage: 29 V, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Hedelius C80, used, fully operational. The machine has always been maintained by Hedelius over the years to keep it up to standard. (New spindle, new guides, etc. – invoices and documentation available) Spindle hours: 14,000 h Itjdsy Rmv Hopfx Akpsn 3-axis machining Coolant filtration system Pendulum operation, mountable partition available Heidenhain 530 ICS 20 bar (internal cooling) Handwheel Measuring probe SK 40 Tool changer Total weight: 15 t, Transport dimensions approx. 6500x3000x3000 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 6,700 kg, MAZAK FJV-250 CNC Vertical Machining Center For sale is a robust and powerful Mazak FJV-250 with a double-column/gantry design. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: MAZAK Model: FJV-250 Year of manufacture: 2001 Control: Mazatrol PC Fusion 640 M Travel ranges: X-axis: 1,020 mm Y-axis: 510 mm Z-axis: 460 mm Table size: approx. 1,200 × 550 mm Max. spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Tool holder: SK40 / ISO40 Iodpfx Asz Ihxlekpjtn 3-axis CNC machining center The FJV-250 is designed for precise and demanding milling operations thanks to its stable double-column construction. The generous work area allows for the machining of larger and heavier workpieces. The Mazatrol PC Fusion 640 M control system enables both comfortable Mazatrol dialog programming and the processing of CNC programs. The machine can be inspected and demonstrated under power by arrangement. Location: 78120 Furtwangen, Germany Subject to prior sale and errors in the technical specifications.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 670 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 625 mm, controller manufacturer: Fanuc, controller model: Fanuc, table width: 670 mm, table length: 1,500 mm, table load: 1,300 kg, spindle speed (min.): 12,000 rpm, number of spindles: 1, Manufacturer: Doosan Model: DNM 6700 Year: 2018 Condition: (Used) Excellent Control: Fanuc Control Accessories: Kitagawa 4th Axis, Renishaw Spindle Probe, Tool Probe, Swarf Conveyor, Mist Extraction Unit & Manuals. LOCATION: COVENTRY, UNITED KINGDOM Iedpozwhtkofx Akpotn MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS Control: Fanuc Control X Axis Travel: 1300mm Y Axis Travel: 670mm Z Axis Travel: 625mm Max Workpiece Weight: 1300kg Spindle Speed: 12,000rpm Table Size: 1500 x 670mm Tool Change Capacity: 30 ATC Tool Size: BT40

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1997, Mikron HAAS VCE1000 vertical machining center Year: 1997 Axis X travel 1016 mm Axis Y travel 508 mm Axis Z travel 635 mm Table width 457 mm Table length 1220 mm Type of CNC HAAS Spindle taper ISO 40 Max. part weight on table 1575 kg ATC Number of tool pockets 20 Max. spindle speed 7500 rpm Machine dimensions length 3530 mm height 2985 mm width 2450 mm weight 5500 kg Accesories/options: - Chip conveyor - Through spindle coolant - Prepared for 4.axis ( drive and wiring included ) - Renishaw touch probe Iodpjz Tlhcofx Akpotn - Renishaw TS27 tool measuring In very good condition, coming from a Swiss tool shop.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 610 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, feed rate X-axis: 15 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 15 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 15 m/min, workpiece length (max.): 900 mm, workpiece width (max.): 350 mm, overall weight: 500 kg, spindle speed (max.): 17,150 rpm, spindle motor power: 1,500 W, input voltage: 230 V, Very nice, compact milling machine for model and prototype construction, as well as small parts. Exceptionally well-maintained machine from model construction. Itsdpsz Nv Dysfx Akpen ISEL EuroMod MP30 model Machine, manufactured in 07-2017 Travel ranges X/Y axes: 610/300 mm Z-axis stroke: 300 mm Table clamping surface: 900 x 350 mm Travel speed X/Y/Z: 15 m/min Machine dimensions: Width: 1205 mm Width with control cabinet: 1488 mm Depth: 845 mm Height (door closed): 2123 mm Height (door open): 2418 mm Control panel: iOP-19 touchscreen with keyboard and mouse CAN controller: iMD • Pneumatics: Integrated pneumatic air preparation unit from Festo with pressure regulator, manometer, and filter units. • Internal housing cooling: Cabinet climate/cooling unit mounted on the lower housing door. • Housing type: Fully enclosed aluminum profile housing with transparent sliding doors made of safety glass/polycarbonate and hazard warning signs.