Used Cg Universe for sale (3,764)

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 2880, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine type: Universal tool milling machine Machine weight: approx. 0.6 t Travel distances X-axis travel: 290 mm Y-axis travel: 120 mm Z-axis travel: 350 mm Work table Table clamping surface: 690 × 175 mm Spindle Spindle mount: SK 40 Speed stages: 17 Speed range: 50–2,240 rpm Spindle drive: dual-pole, switchable with clockwise/counterclockwise rotation Feed Feed range: 42–680 mm/min Feed stages: 14 Electric feed: X-axis Rapid traverse: X-axis via handwheel Milling head and horizontal milling Vertical head: rotatable ±90° Horizontal milling: possible via cross slide Operation and safety Lhodpfj Aaz N Ijx Abysn Handwheels: Vernier handwheels for all 3 axes Cam switch: 3-way in the X-direction for program sequence Emergency stop: present Main switch: present EQUIPMENT Rotatable vertical head ±90° Vernier handwheels for all 3 axes Rapid traverse via handwheel in the X-direction Electric feed in the X-direction Feed stages adjustable via change gears Cross slide for horizontal milling 3-way cam switch in the X-direction for program sequence Safety emergency stop Main switch

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 420285, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. Lhodpfe Aa A Sqjx Abyen TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine type: Universal tool milling machine Travel distances X-axis travel: 1,120 mm Y-axis travel: 420 mm Z-axis travel: 620 mm Spindle and tool holder Spindle taper: SK 40 Spindle speed range: 30–2,000 min⁻¹ Work table Table length: 1,600 mm Table width: 400 mm EQUIPMENT Programmable WIZARD digital display Operating manual Lubrication chart Electrical wiring diagrams Hydraulic diagram

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine Type: Universal Milling Machine Model Series: MF1 Machine Weight: approx. 0.95 t Travel Ranges X-axis travel: 760 mm Y-axis travel: 290 mm Z-axis travel: 370 mm Quill stroke: 127 mm Work Table Table size: 750 × 230 mm Spindle and Milling Head Speed range: 60–4,200 rpm Spindle taper: SK 30 Overhang: 171–476 mm Quill feed: 0.04 / 0.08 / 0.13 mm/rev Quill feed stages: 3 Milling head: swiveling and tilting Spindle speed control: stepless Feed Feed range X-axis: 19–890 mm/min Feed X-axis: steplessly adjustable Rapid traverse X-axis: available Lhjdps Aa Axksfx Abysn Performance Data Total power consumption: 2.4 kVA Dimensions Space requirement: approx. 2.05 × 1.63 × 2.07 m EQUIPMENT Swiveling and tilting milling head with quill feed Automatic quill feed Pneumatic tool clamping Digital position display Steplessly adjustable spindle speed Feed in X-axis with rapid traverse Extensive standard accessories

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, Matec HV 700, Year of manufacture 2021, Heidenhain TNC 640 control system, Travel range X/Y/Z 2600/700/950 horizontal, Travel range X/Y/Z 2600/700/950 vertical, 50-position tool changer, HSK 63 tool holder, Spindle speed up to 15,000 rpm, NC swivel milling head +/- 105°, Swivel radius 250 mm, NC rotary table Ø 750 mm, IKZ (internal cooling) 20 bar, Paper band filter, Direct measuring systems, Chip conveyor, Electr. handwheel, Lhsdpsy Thxzofx Abysn Dynamics package, Software Kinematics Option, Measuring probe, Partition, S1 approx. 2000 total spindle hours, S2 approx. 25 total spindle hours.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 10960000423, For sale is a CNC universal milling machine, type Deckel Maho DMU 60T, manufactured in 1999. This machine is characterized by its robust design (cross slide) and is ideal for toolmaking, prototype production, training, or as a versatile workhorse in the workshop. Lodpfxj Ad Apqe Abyohn The machine is in good condition and can be inspected while powered on, by prior arrangement. Equipment: - Rigid T-slot table - Precision vise - Control panel with Heidenhain control Accessories: - Workbench (4 drawers, 1 door) with a mounted jaw vise - Stool - Tool clamping devices

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2507, Used CNC bed milling machine / traveling column milling machine with automatic tool changer and swivel head. Manufacturer: TIGER S.p.A. (Italy) Type: TFA 5 RT Year of manufacture: 2002 Serial number: 2507 The "RT" designation at Tiger indicates a version with a rotary table or 5-axis machining capability. Heidenhain CNC control (probably TNC 426 or TNC 430) Automatic tool changer Tool magazine Tiger TFA 5 RT ISO 50 tool holder Swivel milling head Bed-type machine with a large working area Full enclosure Tool changer Weight 650 kg Connection 400 V / 50 Hz Power output 45 kW Maximum current 80 A Technical data X-axis travel 2,500 mm Y-axis travel 1,200 mm Z-axis travel 1,200 mm Lhjdpfxjzffnue Abyjn Table size 1,000 x 1000 mm Tool holder ISO 50 Spindle speed 2,500 rpm Main drive 45 kW Number of tool positions 60 Machine weight 12,000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 2,500 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 4110, travel distance X-axis: 4,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,400 mm, overall weight: 11,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, coolant supply: 7 bar, spindle motor power: 13 W, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 14, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, CMA GRD 4514 The CMA CNC machining center GRD 4514 offers a highly efficient solution for flexible drilling, threading, and milling operations in an extended format. Equipped with a 13.1 kW motor and a spindle speed of 50 to 4000 rpm, the system enables effortless drilling of holes up to 36 mm, as well as the cutting of threads up to M24 (based on ST 40 and HSS-Co cutting insert drills). - Extended work area and travel ranges: Table dimensions: 4500 x 1330 mm (effective machining length X-axis: 4500 mm) - Travel ranges X/Y/Z: 4500 x 1450 x 500 mm - Chip conveyor: Directly integrated into the machine table for optimal chip removal Productivity through pendulum operation: Thanks to the generous X-axis travel of 4500 mm, this variant is ideally suited for efficient pendulum operation. You can safely load and unload workpieces on one half of the table while the machine produces uninterruptedly on the other half. Protection is provided on the front side by a dynamically moving laser area sensor on the machine head. Software & Intelligent Control: Graphical programming: Including automatic determination of cutting data and nesting of multiple products, even different ones, on the large table. Collision warning: Integrated protection for maximum process safety. Height correction: automatic measurement and correction of the workpiece height for 100% precise countersinking and reaming. CAD/CAM extension: Optionally, a conversion of 2D/3D drawings directly into DIN/ISO machine programs is possible. Ljdpfx Abszuw Eqsyshn Standard equipment of the complete system: - Automatic tool changer for 14 tools - Automatic tool length measurement - Fixed light curtain in the Y-direction (500 mm above the table) and rear protective fence - Powerful coolant system with emulsion - Ethernet connection for fast remote service

Condition: used, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel distances X-axis travel: 500 mm Y-axis travel: 400 mm Z-axis travel: 380 mm Quill travel: 60 mm Work table Table size: 700 × 425 mm Number of T-slots: 6 T-slot width: 14H7 mm T-slot spacing: 63 mm Table load capacity: max. 250 kg Spindle and tool holder Tool holder: SK 40 Swiveling vertical head: 90° on both sides Speed range for driven tools: 5–3,000 min⁻¹ Drive power for milling spindle: 5.5 kW Performance data Total power consumption: 10 kW Machine weight: approx. 2 t Lhjds Aa Ayhspfx Abysn Dimensions Space requirement: approx. 2 × 2 × 2 m EQUIPMENT Swiveling vertical head 6 T-slots

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 16,803 h, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,050 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 850 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 1,800 kg, total height: 3,700 mm, total length: 5,000 mm, total width: 5,600 mm, table height: 700 mm, table length: 900 mm, overall weight: 21,500 kg, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 25 W, Year of construction: 2016 CNC controller: CELOS with SIEMENS 840D sl operate 21,5" ERGOline Control with Multi-Touch Screen Axes X-axis travel mm: 800 Y-axis travel mm: 1050 Z-axis travel mm: 850 C-axis degrees: 360º (0,001) B-axis degrees: -30º/180º (0,001) Feed rates m/min: 60 Rapid traverse m/min: 60 Acceleration in the axes m/s2: 7 Milling/turning table nc: Table dimensions mm: Ø900x700 Lsdpfxs Adzbro Abyjhn Max. workpiece weight kg: 1800 Table rotation speed rpm: 40 Spindle Spindle speed rpm: 18000 Spindle drive power kW: 35/25 (40/100%ED) Spindle torque Nm: 130/86 (40/100%ED Cooling Cooling through the Spindle Center bar: 40 Tank capacity: 600 Tool system Tool holder: HSK-A 63 Tool magazine slots: 63 Tool changer: Double gripper With free neighboring places mm: 120 With occupied neighboring places mm: 80 Max. Tool Length mm: 650 Max tool weight kg: 15 Chip-to-chip time s: 4.2 Equipment Electronic Handwheel Chip conveyor Infrared probe Internal cooling lubricant supply Rotating inspection windows Rinsing gun Operating mode 4 blowing air through spindle center selectable via M-function Signal lamp Tool breakage probe Mist collector 3D quickSET MPC – Machine Protection Control Paper band filter Active chatter suppression (ACC), improved surface finish with reduced machining time, extended tool life Machine running times Under power: 38383 Spindle Working: 16803 Rated power kVA: 63 Basic machine dimensions / weight Length mm: 5000 Width mm: 5600 Height mm: 3700 Weight kg: 21500

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, Universal machining center Machine type: DMG DMU 80 P duoBLOCK Control: Heidenhain iTNC 530 Year: 2007 SPECIFICATIONS 5-axis-simultaneous Travel X-Axis: 800 mm Y-Axis: 800 mm Z-Axis: 800 mm B-Axes C-Axis Panning head Rapid motion: (X/Y/Z): 60 m/min. Spindle speeds: 12.000 rpm Spindle power: 28 / 19 kW Tool: SK 40 Toolchanger Tool capacity: 60 NC rotary table Table size: 900 x 700 mm Max. Table Load: 1.400 kg Ljdpfxez Dkunj Abyshn Equipment Internal cooling: 40/80 bar Chip conveyor Caliper Electronical handwheel Working mode: 4

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1986, machine/vehicle number: 2204-0929, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine type: CNC-controlled tool milling machine Condition: good Machine weight: approx. 2.8 t Travel distances X-axis travel: 560 mm Y-axis travel: 500 mm Z-axis travel: 450 / 390 mm Arbor stroke: 80 mm Work table Table clamping surface: 800 × 460 mm Spindle and milling head Spindle speed: 40–4,000 rpm Spindle connection: ST 40 Swiveling spindle head: ±90° Vertical head: rotatable ±90° Horizontal spindle: available Feed rate Feed rate: 2–3,600 mm/min Feed axes: 3 axes Control system Control system: Contour 2 Performance data Total power consumption: 4.0 kW Dimensions Space requirement: approx. 2.0 × 2.5 × 2.2 m EQUIPMENT Hydraulic tool clamping Mobile control panel Machine lighting Automatic central lubrication Coolant system Safety emergency stop Chip tray Lhedpfx Ae Aa Aurjbyon Separate control cabinet

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 2820-0419, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine type: CNC-controlled tool milling machine Condition: good Machine weight: approx. 1.9 kg Travel distances X-axis travel: 500 mm Y-axis travel: 400 mm Z-axis travel: 400 (340) mm Work table Table surface: 710 × 430 mm Spindle and milling head Speed range: 40–4,000 rpm Head swivels: ±90° Quill stroke: 80 mm Spindle mount: SK 40 Feed rate and rapid traverse Feed rate range: 0.2–3,600 mm/min Rapid traverse: 4.0 m/min Feed axes: 3 axes Control system Control system: Contour 3 / Dialog 4 Performance data Total power consumption: 5.5 kW Lodpfxs Aa Acvs Abyehn Dimensions Space requirement: approx. 2 × 1.4 × 1.8 m EQUIPMENT Rotatable vertical head ±90° Hydraulic tool clamping Automatic central lubrication Coolant system Safety emergency stop Machine lighting Chip guard enclosure with chip collection tray Mobile control panel Electronic handwheel

Condition: used, Universal Temperature Control Unit Oil Advanced with electric heating and connections for external cooling. Oil temperature control unit, circulating process temperature control, heating unit, cooling unit, electric heating. SINGLE Type Advanced Oil D2-300-18-116 Mfg. No.: 151777 Year of manufacture: 2015 Temperature max. 300°C (with heat transfer oil) Temperature range +20°C to 300°C Operating overpressure max. 8 bar Pump capacity 100 l/min Tank volume 22 liters (internal filling volume) External filling volume max. 86 liters Heating power 18 kW Cooling capacity heat exchanger 116 kW Pump motor power 2.8 kW Lhsdpfs Aarfasx Abyon Heat transfer medium Marlotherm SH Circulating water supply and return DN25 - G 1" Cooling water supply G 1/2" Cooling water return G 1/2" Connection power 23.5 kVA Control SCT standard - 7" touch display Mains connection 400 volts, 50 Hz, 32.7 amps - Temperature control medium up to 300°C = heat transfer oil (Marlotherm SH) - Temperature control - External cooling unit or external cooling circuit is required for cooling (cooling is achieved via a heat exchanger between the cooling medium and the heat transfer oil) - Mobile on 4 rollers - Supplied without connection cable Dimensions L x W x H 1125 x 395 x 1210 mm Weight 226 kg Good condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 7,000 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 25787, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 6,900 h, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, Hermle C 400 U – 5-Axis Machining Center Year: 2017 Control: Heidenhain TNC 640 Condition: Very good Machine ON: 18,512 h Program: 9,268 h Spindle ON: 6,900 h Drive ON: 18,514 h Axes in motion: 7,147 h Technical specifications: Lhsdpfx Asz H Agbobysn X/Y/Z travel: 850 / 700 / 500 mm A-axis: 25 rpm C-axis: 30 rpm Spindle speed: up to 18,000 rpm Power: 20 kW Torque: 173 Nm Tool holder: HSK 63 Tool magazine: 38 + 50 positions NC swivel rotary table: Ø 650 mm Swivel range: +91° to −139° Equipment: Heidenhain touch probe BLUM tool measurement Electronic handwheel Chip conveyor Oil mist extraction Inspection possible by appointment.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1967, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Lhsdpfx Ae Aa Au Sobysn Machine type: Universal tool and cutter grinding machine Machine weight: approx. 3.1 t Travel distances X-axis travel: 1,100 mm Y-axis travel: 700 mm Z-axis travel: 500 mm Spindle and milling head Distance spindle/table: 9–509 mm Swivel range of spindle head: 360° Spindle mount: SK 40 Spindle speed: 30–2,066 rpm Speed stages: 27 Milling head: original Huron adjustable milling head, adjustable in 3 dimensions Horizontal milling: possible Feed and rapid traverse Feed rate: 1.6–820 mm/min Feed stages: 27 Rapid traverse X-axis: 2.8 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 2.8 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 1.4 m/min Work table Clamping surface: 1,435 × 460 mm Performance data Total power requirement: 10 hp Dimensions Width: approx. 2.36 m Height: approx. 1.65 m Depth: approx. 1.45 m EQUIPMENT Original Huron adjustable milling head Handwheels for X, Y, and Z axes Feeds for X, Y, and Z axes Safety machine main switch Adjustable work light Coolant system Heidenhain digital display

Condition: repair required (used), Universal Milling Machine HURON MU6 Travel X: 1500 mm Travel Y: 700 mm Travel Z: 600 mm Spindle: SA 40 Spindle speed: from 30 to 2066 RPM Table size: Length 2000 mm x Width 460 mm Spindle motor: 12 CV Scale: 3 axes HEIDENHAIN Centralized lubrication Machine sold as is, some works required: Lhedpfjz Stlgjx Abyon - freewheel of the advances box to be changed - Y-axis locking system needs to be checked - the ram inverter is non-functional - there is a leak on the spindle deflector - there is a missing pin on 1 gearbox lever Voltage: 380 V Length: 2200 mm (without ends table) Depth: 2000 mm Total height: 2000 mm Weight: approx 4 T

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, Universal machining center Lodjz Apfrepfx Abyshn Travel ranges x/y/z = 3000 / 800 / 1000 mm Spindle speed up to 15,000 rpm Spindle drive power 30 kW - 190 Nm Tool magazine with 48 tool positions HSK 63 Max. tool diameter 70/130 mm Max. tool length 340/450 mm Max. table load 1500 kg Machine weight approx. 17,500 kg - Swiveling operation - Coolant system - Internal coolant supply at 40 bar - Chip conveyor - CNC control Heidenhain iTNC 530 - Integrated NC rotary table 360,000 x 0.001° - Swiveling milling head, 1-degree indexing

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1969, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 5,500 kg, arm length 1600 mm Lodpfox H Txtex Abyohn taper MK 5 Würfel

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 2806-0743, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Lhjdj Aa A Hnopfx Abyen Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel distances X-axis travel: 800 mm Y-axis travel: 550 mm Z-axis travel: 500 mm Spindle quill travel: 80 mm Work table Table clamping area: 1,000 × 550 mm Spindle and tool holder Spindle speed: 0–5,000 rpm Tool holder: SK 40 Feed rate and rapid traverse Feed rate: 2–6,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 6.0 m/min Performance data Total power consumption: 12 kW Machine weight: approx. 3.9 t Dimensions Length: 2,200 mm Width: 2,800 mm Height: 2,400 mm EQUIPMENT No information on accessories available.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, travel distance X-axis: 1,350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,150 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 700 mm, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, controller model: TNC 426 M, overall weight: 11,200 kg, spindle speed (max.): 15,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 50, Equipment: chip conveyor, Universal Machining Center Manufacturer: MIKRON Type: UCP 1350-3 Year of manufacture: 2002 Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 M Technical Details X-travel: 1,350 mm Y-travel: 1,150 mm Z-travel: 700 mm C-axis: 360° A-axis: ° Spindle speed: 15,000 rpm Number of tool positions: 50 Machine weight approx.: 11,200 kg Lhsdpfxj Aa A R He Abysn Condition: Used Technical Features & Accessories: - Compact belt filter system - Chip conveyor - Air filtration system Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are included in the scope of delivery only if explicitly stated in the additional information. Subject to modifications and errors in the technical data and specifications; prior sale reserved!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, travel distance X-axis: 1,350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,150 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 900 mm, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, controller model: TNC 426 M, overall weight: 11,200 kg, spindle speed (max.): 15,000 rpm, spindle nose: HSK-A 63, number of slots in tool magazine: 45, Equipment: chip conveyor, Universal Machining Center Manufacturer: MIKRON Type: UCP 1350 Year of manufacture: 2001 Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 M Technical details: X-travel: 1,350 mm Lhodpfe Adfq Djx Abyjn Y-travel: 1,150 mm Z-travel: 900 mm C-axis: 360° A-axis: ° Spindle speed: 15,000 rpm Tool holder: HSK-A 63 Number of tool positions: 45 Machine weight approx.: 11,200 kg Condition: Used Technical features & accessories: - Chip conveyor - Belt filter system - Air filter Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are included in the scope of delivery only if explicitly stated in the additional information. Subject to changes and errors in the technical data and specifications; prior sale reserved!

Condition: not inspected (used), CNC universal milling machine, manufacturer: MAHO, type: MH700 C, serial number: 76730, year of manufacture: 1984, screen control, manufacturer: Maho, type: CNC 432, tool holder: SK 40, table size: 800 x 520 mm, coolant system, lamp. Lhjdpfx Abjz R Na Eeyon

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Manufacturer: Knuth Model: VH F1 Machine type: Milling machine Machining process: Shank milling MACHINE DETAILS Length: 1,500 mm Width: 1,000 mm Height: 2,000 mm Lodpfj Ad Iuxex Abyehn Weight: 700 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 450 mm, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, controller model: TNC 640, table load: 150 kg, spindle speed (max.): 20,000 rpm, spindle nose: HSK-A63, number of slots in tool magazine: 170, tool weight: 6,000 g, Universal Machining Center Manufacturer: MIKRON Type: HPM 450U Year of manufacture: 2017 Control: Heidenhain TNC 640 Technical details: X-axis travel: 600 mm Y-axis travel: 450 mm Z-axis travel: 450 mm B-axis: ° C-axis: 360° Spindle speed: 20,000 rpm Lhedpfez Ic Afjx Abyjn Drive power at S1/S6 (40% duty cycle): 23/36 kW Torque at S1/S6 (40% duty cycle): 77/120 Nm Tool holder: HSK-A63 Number of tool positions: 170 Tool change time:

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1985, machine/vehicle number: 2204 - 0469, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine type: CNC-controlled tool milling machine Condition: good Lodpfx Abs Aa Atzjyohn Travel distances X-axis travel: 580 mm Y-axis travel: 400 mm Z-axis travel: 450 (390*) mm Work table Table size: 460 × 800 mm Spindle Spindle speed range: 40–4,000 rpm Spindle taper: SK 40 Spindle drive: 4.0 kW Vertical head: rotatable ±90° Quill stroke: 80 mm Horizontal spindle: available Feed rate and rapid traverse Feed rate range: 2–3,600 mm/min Feed rate: 4.0 m/min Feed axes: 3 axes Control system Control system: Contour 2 Dimensions Space requirement: approx. 3.0 × 2.10 × 2.10 m EQUIPMENT Hydraulic tool clamping Mobile control panel Electronic handwheel Automatic central lubrication Coolant system Safety emergency stop Chip tray Separate control cabinet