Used Hokutech Wood Shredder for sale (6,913)

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, Product overviews of Waste Industrial Timber Wood Pallet Double Shaft Shredder Shredders can generally be used to shred hard-to-break plastics, rubber, large tires, large nylon materials, large pieces of fishing nets, fibers, paper, wood, electrical devices, cables, PET bottles, cardboard, wood, plastic barrels, etc. Solid objects. The main function of the equipment is to squeeze the bulk materials and large-diameter drum metal materials that are not convenient for transportation through the shear of the shredder, and shred them into sheets that meet the requirements. The main structure of the double-shaft shredder is a feed hopper, a knife roller, a driving device, a bearing, a hydraulic system, and an electric control box system. Working principle: All kinds of waste materials enter the shredding chamber through the feeding hopper. The double-knife rollers do relative rotation to shred and cut the materials, and then the materials are discharged from the shredder to achieve the shredding of large pieces of materials. Applicable materials and fields Double shaft shredder is one of ethential equipment for waste recycling in following fields and materials: +Bulky Waste: Sofa,Mattress,Chair, Funiture,Windows,etc +Industrial Waste: Textiles,Leather,Rubbers, Leathers ,General industrial waste,etc +Hazardous Solid waste: Medical waste,Paint sludge,Radioactive waste,Hazardous waste oil drum,Jumbo bag,etc +Paper waste: Carton,Cardboard,Book,Newspaper,Document,Brochure,Packaging paper,etc +Garden waste: Branch, Wood pallet, Trunks, Boards,etc +Domestic waste +Biomass straw: Straw, Bamboo, Corn, Sorghum straw, Bean straw, Fruit shell, Palm shell, etc +Scrap metal: Car Shell, Aluminum casting, Household appliances, Scrap light metal,Automobile hub,etc +Paper mill waste: Paper mill slag, Paper mill rope, Paper mill offcut,etc +Wood pallet, scrap furniture, waste chair, tree roots recycling, etc. Double shaft shredder main body: The main body is welded with excellent steel plate to ensure the stability of the equipment under heavy load for a long time. Dodpfx Aovn D I Nokksuw Bearing: The bearing seat is split and easy to disassemble, and the movable knife, fixed knife, bearing and other parts can be quickly removed, and it is easy to maintain and replace the knife. The sealing structure can avoid the contact of broken materials and grease, and can also protect bearings and gears when handling liquid materials.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, Industrial WEIMA extraction and briquetting setup removed from a working environment. Used from new by the same company and regularly serviced/maintained. Includes: WEIMA TH 520 extraction/filter unit Duodpfx Akszgclajksw WEIMA WL8 shredder Briquette press Blower system Control cabinet Associated ducting/pipework Model: TH 520 Year: 06/2010 400V 3 Phase 7.5kW 50Hz Weight: approx 1.2 tonne Joinery workshops Furniture manufacturing MDF/wood waste processing Recycling operations Biomass fuel production System is currently operational and can be demonstrated working. Buyer responsible for removal/transport. Located: South Wales Message for more details, viewing or video walkthrough. Open to offers

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 20 h, functionality: fully functional, power: 55 kW (74.78 HP), Vecoplan Shredding Unit – Efficient Processing of Wood Waste The Vecoplan shredding unit is a powerful complete solution for the continuous processing of wood waste, cut-offs, strips, boards, and other wood residues into high-quality wood chips. The coordinated components ensure a consistent material flow, reliable continuous operation, and high economic efficiency. Components of the system: Vecoplan VTH 65/25/5/U Industrial Shredder (year of construction 2017) The VTH 65/25/5/U is a robust industrial shredder for continuous use in the wood industry. With its inlet opening of 650 × 250 mm and a drive power of 55 kW, it reliably and energy-efficiently processes a wide variety of wood residues. Depending on the material properties, the machine achieves a throughput of 1 to 5 tons per hour. The VTH series is characterized by high throughput rates, a robust design, and low maintenance requirements. Vecoplan VR 65/24 Vibrating Table The vibrating table with a usable area of 650 × 2,500 mm ensures a uniform material distribution and continuous feeding of the shredder. This avoids peak loads, optimizes system performance, and ensures a smooth production process. Vecoplan KKF 500-1K-U Scraper Conveyor The downstream scraper conveyor with a conveying width of 500 mm reliably transports the shredded material for further processing or storage. It is ideal for transporting wood chips, sawdust, wood shavings, and pellets and impresses with its robust industrial design. Advantages of the system Dedpjzh Ti Eofx Akkeuw Complete, perfectly coordinated Vecoplan system Consistent material feed through vibrating table High throughput of up to 5 t/h Robust industrial design for continuous operation Low maintenance requirements Ideal for sawmills, wood processing companies, biomass plants, and pellet production Immediately ready for use for the economical processing of wood waste.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 600 kg, – Relatively good condition – Manufactured in Austria TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: – Hopper dimensions: 120 cm x 100 cm – Power: 2 x 11 kW – Four axles – Axle length: 400 mm – Axle diameter: 300 mm – Screen: Ø 30 mm – Auto-reverse Dujdpfxszinu Ee Akkew – Dimensions (l/w/h): 140 / 130 / 200 cm – Weight: 600 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 557/2008, power: 18.5 kW (25.15 HP), overall weight: 1,860 kg, Schuster LL 800 HSLA wood chipper / shredder for residual wood Dujdpfozil Nmox Akksw For sale: Schuster LL 800 HSLA wood chipper from 2008. This robust industrial wood chipper is suitable for processing hardwoods, softwoods, chipboard, and other wood-based materials. The machine is equipped with a powerful 18.5 kW motor (400V) and is built for intensive use. Thanks to the hydraulic feed system and sturdy construction, the machine is reliable and easy to operate. Ideal for carpentry companies, furniture makers, and wood processing companies. Specifications: Brand: Schuster Type: LL 800 HSLA Year of construction: 2008 Power: 18.5 kW Connection: 400V Suitable for hardwoods, softwoods, and sheet materials Delivery from Enschede. For other questions or more photos, you can always send us a message.

Condition: good (used), Code: 0436 Brand: COMAFER Model: BRIO 580 - CE Standard Dujdpfxozkhl Hs Akkew Hydraulic shredder for wood waste, aluminium, plastic materials, cardboard, packaging, and other materials - CE Standard Feed opening dimensions 965 x 580 mm Knife shaft diameter and length 162 x 450 mm N° 42 reversible and resharpenable knives Shaft speed 236 Motor power 10 Hp Hole diameter 10 mm Hourly output 100/200 kg Suction inlet diameter 150 mm Hydraulic power unit 2 Hp Overall dimensions mm 1050 x 1700 x 1430 h Weight kg 900

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, – Feed opening size (width/length): 820 x 1050 mm – Rotor diameter: 300 mm – Rotor length: 820 mm – Total power: 18,5 kW – Power supply: 400 V, 50 Hz – Rotating knives: 35 x 35 mm – Number of knives: 40 pcs – Siewe Ø: 15 and 25 mm Dsdpfszkb Uzjx Akkeuw - Output : Screw in the bottum of machine + 3000 mm waste conveyer – HYDRAULIC DRAWER – Pressing drawer height: 320 mm – Outlet diameter: Ø200 mm – Dimensions (L/W/H): 200 / 150 / 175 cm – Weight: ~1600 kg

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Demonstration unit with 7 operating hours immediately available (ex works Neckartailfingen) Shredder MRZ 830 Commodity code: 84659600 Feed opening 800x1000 mm Motor: 18.5/22 kW; 400 V - 50 Hz - 3 phase Blades: multiple reversible Hydraulically operated slide Screen size optional (10 - 40 mm) Weight approx. 1,600 kg Dimensions (l x w x h) approx. 2290 x 1420 x 1750 mm Turbo coupling Standard equipment includes: - automatic star/delta start - fast hydraulics - auto. OFF when rotor is idle - speed 70-90 rpm for high throughput - cycle control to avoid idle times - performance-enhancing step control of the hydraulic slide - Pertinax guides for the hydraulic slide - vibration-damping machine feet - CE compliant The shredder is designed for shredding untreated wood, chipboard and MDF, and other materials after testing and approval by the manufacturer. Included: - Shredder raised by 30 cm (preparation for conveyor belt) Additional options for the shredder: - Articulated conveyor belt + €8,770 net Horizontal section: 1200 mm Inclined section: 2500 mm Angle: adjustable from 0-60 degrees Discharge height: approx. 2000 mm + - 100 mm - Overband magnet + €6,780 net - Control for conveyor belt and overband magnet + €2,750 net (Start and stop synchronized with the shredder) Requirements for the raw material: Djdpfjv Sqrpox Akkouw - The moisture content (as received) must be below 30%, - Metals and mineral contaminants such as sand, stones, etc. will lead to increased wear.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, power: 55 kW (74.78 HP), Fully functional single-shaft wood shredder - currently in operation in our factory. Including electrical control system (PLC), switch cabinet (Rittal/Sarell), anti-vibration foundation and enlarged hopper. Technical data Rotor working length: 1,500 mm Rotor diameter: 485 mm Motor: 55 KW Rotor speed: 100 RPM Rotor knives: 76 pieces concave / 35x35 mm 4-fold rotating cutting crowns Screen size: 60 mm (new) Weight: approx. 9,000 kg Dodsra Ex Eepfx Akksuw Further details on request. Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, Single-rotor shredder with a push floor Dsdpszgd Rdjfx Akksuw Rotor width: 1400 mm Motor: 55 kW

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8041 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 240mm - shaft diameter 260mm - inlet width 250mm - inlet height 120mm - number of knives 9 pcs - automatic reversing with adjustment capability - screen dimensions 30mm Djdpfx Ajzkvhiokkeuw - toothed drive shaft (bottom) 0.75kW - toothed drive shaft (top) 0.75kW - with conveyor belt 2060x260mm - feeder motor with conveyor belt 0.55kW - main motor 15kW - feeder dimensions (length/width/height) 2270x700x600mm - machine dimensions (length/width/height) 1550x850x700mm - weight 800kg ADVANTAGES - German production - automatic reversing with adjustment capability - with conveyor belt - very good condition - used shredder Net price: 29900 PLN Net price: 7119 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices are subject to change due to higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8040 TECHNICAL DATA - dimensions of the loading hopper (top, length/width): 850x1180mm - rotor width: 350mm - engine: 22kW - screen size: 12mm - number of knives: 6 pcs - dimensions (length/width/height): 1260x1200x1890mm Dusdpfezkvhcox Akkow - weight: 980kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – very good condition – used shredder Net price: 25900 PLN Net price: 6167 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary due to fluctuations in the exchange rate)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1986, CATALOGUE NUMBER 8039 TECHNICAL DATA - inlet width 320mm - inlet height 160mm - roller width 320mm - blade length 310mm - number of blades 2 pcs - toothed drive roller, top - toothed drive roller, bottom - vibratory feeder with magnet 1650x310mm - automatic reversing - main motor 22kW - feed motor 2×1.1kW - machine dimensions with vibratory feeder (length/width/height) 2600x1500x1800mm - machine and vibratory feeder weight approximately 1500kg ADVANTAGES – Austrian made – vibratory feeder with magnet 1650mm – automatic reversing – original DTR documentation – used shredder, very good condition Net price: 34900 PLN Net price: 8310 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR Duedpfxjzkvgle Akksw (Prices are subject to change due to significant fluctuations)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, production time appr. 4 months * for suction perception, see picture 4 and 5 Tariff number: 84659600 Main motor: 55 kW; 400 V - 50 Hz - 3 ph including turbo coupling, Hydraulic motor: 2.2 kW, 400 V - 50 Hz - 3ph Knife: 76 pieces, rotatable Knife size: 35 x 35 x 20 mm Rotor diameter: 360 mm Control: PLC Siemens S7-1200 Funnel opening approx. 1530 x 1235 mm Hopper volume approx. 2.5 square meters hydraulically operated slide Screen perforation: 10 - 30 mm Extraction nozzle Ø 200 mm Weight approx. 4,500 kg Dimensions (lxwxh) approx. 2765 x 2520 x 1730 mm Turbo coupling Included as standard: - V-rotor for other throughput - 2nd row of knives on the rotor - Control cabinet with Siemens PLC control - automatic star / delta start - fast hydraulics - Automobile. OFF when the rotor is idling - Speed ​​70-90 rpm for high throughput - Clock control to avoid idle times - Performance-increasing step control of the hydraulic slide - Pertinax guides for hydraulic slides - anti-vibration machine feet Djdpfsd Hkqhsx Akkouw - CE conformity The shredder is for shredding natural wood, chipboard and MDF board other materials after testing and approval by the manufacturer Recognition from the raw material: - The moisture content (atro) must be below 30% - Metals and mineral impurities such as sand, stones, etc. Interests to interests wear

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, Hopper opening (basic dimension) 630 x 800 mm Main motor 18.5 kW Sieve perforation: standard Hopper volume (basic hopper approx. 0.6 m³) Rotor diameter approx. 260 mm Number of cutting blades 30 (29 pieces – one blade is broken) Suction nozzle 160 mm Dujdpfx Aezkp Rdskkew Weight max. 1300 kg PLC control

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Weima Single-Rotor Shredder Type WL 6 Duodpfxsh Eiw Ie Akkow Power: 18.5 kW Our WL 6 machine concept The Weima high-performance shredders, with their flexible application possibilities, can process all types of wood-based materials (hardwood, softwood, chipboard, MDF materials, plywood, veneer remnants, etc.) into fuel chips, and achieve an enormous volume reduction of the material, especially with bulky materials. Mode of operation: The machine is equipped with a large feed hopper and can be fed either by a conveyor belt or manually. This hopper can be adapted to individual needs and guarantees a continuous and cost-effective material feed without the need for manual assistance. Technical specifications WL 6 / 18.5 kW Hopper opening: 800 x 1,000 mm Hopper volume: 0.9 m³ Working width of the rotor: 800 mm Diameter of the rotor: 252 mm Drive power: 18.5 kW Rotor speed: 80 - 120 rpm Number of knives: 42 pieces Type and size of knives: concave / 40 x 40 mm, cutting reversible crowns Screen perforation: 10-60 mm possible (standard 15-20 mm) Paint: WEIMA standard RAL 2002 / 7016 Connection value: 400 V +/- 5% / 50 Hz Weight: approx. 1,600 kg Included: - Control cabinet (Rittal) including electrical control (Moeller / Siemens) and star-delta starter - Rubber vibration dampers - V-rotor (patented) with knife pockets milled into the profile - Gearbox limit switch - Pressure bar - Very robust Weima WAP gearbox - Logspacer (self-clearing hopper) - 2nd knife row Available from stock in 54634 Bitburg - immediately available - Request more information

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Weima Single-Rotor Shredder Type WL 6 Power: 18.5 kW Our WL 6 Machine Concept Dedpfeh Hnp Dox Akksuw The Weima high-performance shredders, with their flexible application options, can process all types of wood-based materials (hardwood, softwood, chipboard, MDF materials, plywood, veneer remnants, etc.) into fuel chips, achieving an enormous volume reduction of the material, especially with bulky materials. Operating principle: The machine is equipped with a large feed hopper and can be fed by means of a conveyor belt or manually. This hopper can be adapted to individual needs and guarantees a continuous and cost-effective material feed without the need for manual assistance. Technical Specifications WL 6 / 18.5 kW Hopper opening: 800 x 1,000 mm Hopper capacity: 0.9 m³ Working width of the rotor: 800 mm Diameter of the rotor: 252 mm Drive power: 18.5 kW Rotor speed: 80 - 120 rpm Number of knives: 42 pieces Type and size of knives: concave / 40 x 40 mm, cutting reversible edges Screen size: 10-60 mm possible (standard 15-20 mm) Paint: WEIMA standard RAL 2002 / 7016 Connection value: 400 V +/- 5% / 50 Hz Weight: approx. 1,600 kg Included: - Control cabinet (Rittal) incl. electrical control (Moeller / Siemens) and star-delta starter - Rubber vibration dampers - V-rotor (patented) with knife pockets milled into the profile - Gearbox end switch - Pressing bar - Very robust Weima WAP gearbox - Log spacer (self-cleaning hopper) - 2nd knife row Available from stock in 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Weima chipper / shredder WL 8 The WL 8 single-shaft shredder is a proven classic for shredding all types of wood waste. It is used, for example, thousands of times in wood-processing plants all over the world. The high quantity of these highly demanded shredders guarantees a proven and reliable technology at the best price-performance ratio. The machines are characterized by their very robust design, which ensures an extremely long service life (even outdoors). Dedpfx Akjpdqzxjkjuw Intuitive operation thanks to Siemens PLC control with touch display. To ensure that the electronics are optimally matched to the machine, we design, build and wire our control cabinets ourselves. We only use high-quality components - for example from Siemens or Rittal. Intuitive touch interfaces guarantee quick adjustments. Functions such as setting the slider clock or stop ensure high throughput. The built-in overload protection also prevents defects in the machine. No material bridges due to free-cutting hopper design The hopper fulfills several tasks at once. First, the material to be shredded is fed through it - manually, mechanically, or by conveyor belt. The generous opening makes it easy to fill even very large parts. However, its special design, which is rounded at the front and thus effectively prevents material bridges, is decisive for shredding. Even with bulky parts, the shredder cuts itself free. If required, both hopper extensions and lids with gas pressure springs are available. Durable rotor bearings thanks to offset design A rotor bearing must be particularly robustly built due to the extreme stresses it is subjected to during shredding operation. To prevent dust or foreign matter from getting inside it, we have set it apart from the machine frame. This also makes it very maintenance-friendly and easy to access. Rotor diameter (mm): 260 Rotor length (mm): 1000 Rotor speed (rpm): 80 - 125 Power (kW) 22 Number of knives: 54 Available knife sizes (mm): 40 x 40 Grain size (mm): Suction port (mm): 200 Feed opening (mm): 1000 x 1250 length (mm): 2045 width (mm): 1740 height (mm): 1840 Weight (approx. kg): 2200 Accessories: - 2nd row of knives - logspacer Location: Ex stock 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Single-shaft shredder HOKUTech special offer model H600 Compact, robust, high throughput The H600 high-performance shredder with its flexible application options can process all types of wood-based materials (hardwood, softwood, chipboard, MDF materials, plywood, veneer residues, etc.) into chips and achieves an enormous reduction in the volume of bulky materials. The hydraulically controlled pusher feeds the wood waste to be shredded into the cutting area of the rotor and is controlled automatically and load-dependent. The high-performance solid steel electric rotor has a diameter of 252 mm and operates at a rotor speed of 85-95 rpm. The concave-ground, aggressive and 4-way rotating knives / reversible cutting crowns are located in milled knife pockets on special knife carriers. This highly efficient system guarantees high throughput, low energy consumption and optimum discharge of the shredded material by reducing the cutting gap between the counter blade and the rotor. Chip size (10 - 60 mm) Technical data: - Hopper opening - Hopper capacity - Working width of the rotor - Diameter of the rotor - Drive power - Rotor speed 600 x 800 mm 0.6 m3 600 mm 252 mm 15 kW 90 rpm Duedpfeutmw Hsx Akkew Location: Comes to stock 54634 Bitburg - available by arrangement -

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7361 Dusdpfezh Ivaox Akksw TECHNICAL DATA - Feed opening width: 400mm - Feed opening height: 180mm - Shaft width: 430mm - Shaft diameter: 430mm - Knife length: 430mm - Number of knives: 2 pcs - Sieve dimensions: 60x60mm - 2 lower feed toothed rollers - Motor for lower rollers: 1.8kW - 2 upper feed toothed rollers - Motor for upper rollers: 1.8kW - Belt feeder - Feeder belt length: 2200mm - Feeder belt width: 330mm - Main motor: 22kW - Autoreverse - Reverse function - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 4100x1350x1100mm - Weight: 1800kg ADVANTAGES – German production – Autoreverse (adjustable) – Reverse function – Used shredder, very good condition Net price: 66,900 PLN Net price: 15,920 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR) (Prices may change with significant rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7672 TECHNICAL DATA - Loading hopper inlet: 1200x1000mm - Outlet for processed wood: diameter 160mm - Rotor working width: 980mm - Main motor: 18.5kW - Number of knives: 24 pcs - Knife size: 30x30mm - Screen: 20mm Dodpfx Aezh Imrekkjuw - Feed drawer - Electric auto-reverse - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2500x1700x1850mm - Weight: approx. 2500kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Germany – Auto-reverse – Feed drawer – Very good condition – Used chipper Net price: 85,900 PLN Net price: 20,450 EUR based on an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7725 TECHNICAL DATA - Loading hopper inlet 1200x1000mm - Outlet for shredded wood ø 200mm - Rotor working width 980mm - Main motor 22kW - Number of knives 24 pcs - Knife dimensions 30x30mm - Screen 16/11mm - Feed drawer Djdpfx Akszh Il Uekeuw - Electric auto-reverse - Dimensions (L/W/H) 2600x2000x1720mm - Weight 2125kg ADVANTAGES – German production – Auto-reverse – Feed drawer – Very good condition – Used wood shredder Net price: 95,900 PLN Net price: 22,830 euro depending on exchange rate, 4.2 euro (Prices may vary in case of significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7259 TECHNICAL DATA - Infeed width: 400 mm - Infeed height: 200 mm - Shaft width: 530 mm - Shaft diameter: 550 mm - Knife length: 530 mm - Number of knives: 2 pcs - Screen dimensions: 50x50 mm - 2 lower toothed feed shafts - Lower shaft motor: 2.2 kW - Upper toothed feed shaft - Upper shaft motor: 2.2 kW - Conveyor belt feeder: 0.55 kW - Feeder belt length: 3000 mm Duodpszh Ic Hofx Akkjw - Feeder belt width: 410 mm - Main motor: 45 kW - Auto-reverse - Reverse operation - Machine dimensions (L/W/H): 2900x1600x1600 mm - Feeder dimensions (L/W/H): 3070x720x670 mm - Weight approx. 3500 kg ADVANTAGES – German manufacture – Auto-reverse (adjustable) – Reverse function – Used shredder in very good condition Net price: 85,900 PLN Net price: 20,450 EUR depending on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Catalogue No.: 7536 – German-made – No engine – Used chipper Duedpfx Aezh Iaxjkksw TECHNICAL DATA Feed opening width: 530 mm Number of knives: 2 pcs Shaft diameter: 580 mm Feed opening width: 420 mm Feed opening height: 200 mm Net price: 30,000 PLN Net price: 7,140 EUR (at 4.2 EUR rate) (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 6825 TECHNICAL DATA - Loading hopper dimensions (L/W): 900x630 mm - Rotor working width: 540 mm - Motor: 7.5 kW - Sieve diameter: 20 mm Dsdpfx Aezh H U Uskksuw - Knife size: 40x40 mm - Number of knives: 15 pcs - Auto-reverse - Pressing drawer - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2060x980x1580 mm - Weight: 1008 kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – Not repainted – Very good condition – Used shredder Net price: 31,900 PLN Net price: 7,590 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In the case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)