Used Aciera Gang Drilling Machine for sale (66,153)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, Technical details: bore capacity in steel (diameter): 1-13 mm arm length: 100 mm workpiece height max.: 400 mm total power requirement: 3 kW dimensions of the machine ca.: 2.0 x 1,2 x 2,2 m bore spindle turning speed range: 0-3000 U/min boring spindle drive: 2,2 kW Lsdpoz Hfl Tefx Abyjru max. Y-axis travel: 550 mm max. Z-axis travel: 300 mm The machine has a 2.2 kW spindle motor with a 2-stage gearbox for drilling and tapping. Table size is 100 x 50 cm Stroke length approx. 200 mm *

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2000, Description to follow! Lrjdpfxez Ebqpe Abyou

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, drilling capacity: 40 mm, quill stroke: 200 mm, quill diameter: 80 mm, Machine Version Ljdsz S T A Eepfx Abyeru • Work table 1200 x 600 mm with 4T-slots • Ram travel 750 mm • Drilling spindle SK 40 with tool clamping device • Stepless speed programming • Stepless quill feed via three-phase servo motor • 2 T-slots 18 mm on the machine base at the rear • 2 T-slots 18 mm on the machine base on the left • Thread cutting device • Central lubrication • Coolant system • Machine lamp • CE marking • Protective device • USB interface Dimensions and travels Tool holder SK 40 Column diameter mm 195 Table dimensions mm 1800 x 600 Number of T-slots 4 Distance between T-slots mm 125 Quill stroke (Z-axis) mm 200 Column stroke (W-axis) mm 410 Distance Spindle bottom edge - min mm 70 Table top edge max. mm 680 Distance Spindle bottom edge - min mm 970 Ground max. mm 1580 Drilling radius mm 540 - 1590 Work table height mm 900 Machining values Drilling capacity in steel St 60  40 Cast iron GG 22  50 Thread cutting Steel St 60 M 36 Cast iron GG 22 M 42 Main spindle drive AC motor, frequency-controlled kW 5.5 at 100 % duty cycle Speed range: min -1 15 - 2800 Torque Nm max. 250 constant from min -1 15 – 2000 Feed drives X-axis - AC - Servo motor kW 0.25 Y-axis - AC - Servo motor kW 0.25 Z-axis - AC - Servo motor kW 4.50 W-axis - AC - Servo motor kW 2.50 Rapid traverse speeds (X/Y/Z): m/min 7.5 / 7.5 / 5 Rapid traverse speeds (W): m/min 3 Feed rates, stepless mm/min 5 – 2000 Accuracy Positioning accuracy X, Y axis on 1200 mm mm ± 0.075 Electrical data Operating voltage / frequency V / Hz 400 / 50 Control voltage V 24 Hydraulic unit for clamping kW 0.75 Total connected load kVA 13.0 Weight Danumeric 440 (without packaging) with table 1800 x 600 mm kg 2800 CNC control Axes: 4 (X, Y, Z, W), expandable Processor: 32-bit CPU Screen: TFT flat screen backlit, easily readable from all sides, 215 x 160 mm Position data: Cartesian or polar, dimensions absolute or incremental, Unit: mm or inch or in degrees Interpolation: 2 axes (X, Y) Technology database: Tool management, tool suggestions according to Machining type, material-dependent cutting data suggestions Tool management: max. 500 tools Subprogram technique: yes Machining cycles Standard software options: Programming in dialog, 38 zero point offsets, rotation and mirroring, teach-in for X, Y, Z, restart in program with selection functions for targeted start Zero point determination: Cycles to determine zero points by manually probing the workpiece for: - any clamped rectangular parts - any clamped round parts - aligning castings and forged parts - Angle detection in round parts by probing reference edges or surfaces Test graphic Graphical display of drilling patterns

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, NEW FLOTT SB 13 plus Pillar Drilling Machine - Spindle: B 16 (MK II additional charge €160 / Article no. 212504) - Tapping device - Control panel with OLED display - LED lighting - Rapidly adjustable and ergonomic drilling depth stop - Infinitely variable speed control via central rotary knob - Thermal overload protection - Spindle stop - Drill guard with electrical interlock - Continuous/normal drilling capacity (mm): 13/15 in E335/ST60 - Tapping capacity (depending on pitch): M10 - Drilling depth (mm): 60 - Throat depth (mm): 220 - Usable work surface (W x L) (mm): 300 x 250 - Rack-and-pinion table height adjustment - Infinitely variable spindle speeds (rpm): 40 – 4000 - Dimensions (mm): 420 x 540 x 1780 For more TECHNICAL DATA, please refer to the product sheet! OPTION Drill Package 2 (296591) - €300.00 - [felix] 2.0 80 bench vice - Quick-action drill chuck B16 1-13 mm (accuracy 0.17 mm) - Taper arbor B16/MK II - Reducing sleeve MK II/MK I Lsdpfoxrdrxex Abyeru 3-year warranty for single-shift operation NOT THE RIGHT MACHINE? WE ARE AN OFFICIAL FLOTT PARTNER AND CAN OFFER YOU ANY PRODUCT FROM THE FLOTT RANGE! REQUEST A QUOTE!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 30 mm throat 275 mm bore stroke 100 mm taper MK 4 MK table-size 420 x 340 mm Lredpfxsy N D Iqe Abyju feeds nein mm/U turning speeds 80 - 2000 U/min total power requirement 0,9 / 1,45 KW weight of the machine ca. 0,22 t dimensions 0,85 x 0.6 x 1,9 m Pillar drill with: - Variable spindle speed - Digital speed display - Digital depth display - Forward/reverse rotation

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, Technical details: dimensions of grinding wheel: Ø 150 x 20 mm grinding spindle speed: 3600 U/min height over floor: 900 mm current type: 220 V Lrjdpfxsu Ngxde Abysu machine weight approx.: 27 kg dimensions L x W x H: 0,37 x 0,35 x 1,4 m Double sanding bench sitting on foot stand (foot Ø 353mm) Left side with drill grinding device (angle 90° - 180°), longitudinal adjustment 25mm incl. accessories *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1979, Technical details: grinding diameter min/max: Aufnahme: Ø 200 x 32 mm number of spindle speeds: 3000 U/min Ljdpfx Abou Ng Ncjyeru total power requirement: ca. 1,2 kW weight of the machine ca.: 0,24 t dimension machine xH: 0,7 x 0,9 x 1,6 m The grinding spindle is equipped with two hand levers: Working range left = hand grinding device for small shank drills, grinding wheel currently Ø 120 x 30mm; admission=Ø 32mm; speed 3000 rpm.; with grinding support Working range right = swiveling device for conical shank drill; cup grinding wheel currently Ø 160 x 30mm; admission=Ø 32mm; speed 3000 rpm. Cutting angle max 180° for double-edged and 120° for triple-edged Clearance angle 5° - 9°; drill-Ø 8 - 40mm, possible grinding modes e.g.: normal grinding, DK-grinding, center grinding, spiral grinding, step drill grinding Machine illumination available *

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS GENERAL DATA Manufacturer: Alzmetall Type: AC 32 Year of manufacture: 2011 Lodo Adzy Uopfx Abysru Machine number: PRJ044839 Machine type: Bench drill ELECTRICAL DATA Operating voltage: 3 × 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Rated current: 20 A SPINDLE Speed range: 55–5,000 min⁻¹ WORK TABLE Table dimensions: 510 × 420 mm Table slots: 5 MACHINE DETAILS DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Length: 1,000 mm Width: 800 mm Height: 2,200 mm Weight: 500 kg EQUIPMENT Digital display

Condition: new, bore capacity in steel 30 mm threading cutting capacity: M20 throat 260 mm bore stroke 125 mm spindle taper MK 3 feed range - spindle 0 mm/U spindle turning speed range 80 - 1440 / 180 -3200 U/min Lodpfx Abofg U Tnjyjru transmission ratio 2 Stufen column diameter 110 mm table surface area 500 x 365 mm total power requirement 0,8 / 1,4 kW weight of the machine ca. 0,27 t dimensions of the machine ca. 0,4 x 1,2 x 1,9 m Equipment: - Gears made of hardened and ground steel - Front speed selector lever - Gear lubrication by automatic oil pump - Integrated coolant device - Machine lamp - Rotatable and tiltable table - Automatic feed with electromagnetic clutch - Handwheel for manual fine feed - automatic tool ejector - Integrated electrical controls in the drill head - Pushbutton for EMERGENCY STOP - Switch for right / left rotation - Height-adjustable chip protection hood with microswitch - CE mark

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 36.0 mm bore capacity in cast iron 45.0 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 160 mm 4 speeds 120-900 / 240 - 1780 U/min column diameter 145 mm table-size 615 x 460 mm feed 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.4 mm/U total power requirement 1.75 / 2.5 kW weight 440 kg dimensions 1200 x 800 x 2300 mm well-maintained condition (!!) current new price approx. 18.000 Euro special price on request Lrjdpfx Aoy Agpqjbyju Equipment: - robust pillar drill (V-belt) - electromagnetic feed clutch = spindle feed * with overload protection and electrical handle cross circuit - mushroom pushbutton (latching) for EMERGENCY STOP, in the front panel - electric stepless speed adjustment - Digital speed display - clockwise rotation of the drill spindle - pole-changing drive motor - Infinitely adjustable drilling depth stop - Work table with 2x T-slots - height-adjustable - Operating instructions in German

Condition: used, Column Drilling Machine PRECIS Ø 23 mm Cone: CM2 Maxi diameter: Ø 23 mm Rotation: from 165 to 4400 RPM Table size: 390 x 190 mm Spindle travel: 100 mm Column diameter: Ø 120 mm Throat depth: 240 mm Lodpfx Abez Nxmweyjru 2 speed motor Mini chuck/table height: 100 mm Maxi chuck/table height: 350 mm Manual descent Manual hydraulic lifting of the table Voltage: 380 V Width: 700 mm Depth: 1000 mm Total height: 1800 mm Weight: approx 800 kg

Condition: new, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 15 / 18 mm throat 180 mm Lrjdjfg U Thopfx Abyju bore stroke 80 mm turning speeds 200 - 4000 U/min 250 x 220 mm distance drilling head - clamping area max. 380 mm total power requirement 1,1 / 400 kW / Volt column diameter 65 mm tool taper MK 2 weight of the machine ca. 0,08 t dimensions 0,4 x 0,5 x 0,9 m Precise table drill: - high accuracy and quality - Drill table adjustable via rack and swiveling around the column - Full engine protection - Star grip - 230 volt mains connection

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1991, Work table 750 mm x 1200 mm Outrigger travel distance 1000 mm Tool holder MK 4 Drilling capacity 32 mm in steel Threading device Lodpfx Abjz S Tzzeyoru Coolant system Documentation

Condition: used, Radial Drilling Machine BERGONZI type UT 25 Spindle: CM3 Spindle exit: 150 mm Spindle speed: from 130 to 900 RPM Arm travel: 500 mm Max height table/spindle nose: 900 mm Column: Ø 180 mm 2 speeds motor Auto descent Return Spring defective Electric arm rise Delivered with: 1 cube Length 500 mm x Depth 400 mm x Height 450 mm 1 false table Lrjdpfx Aez Nxtkebyju Lubricant pump Voltage: 380 V Length: 1500 mm Width: 900 mm Total height in height position: 2300 mm Weight: approx 1,2 T

Year of construction: 1997, condition: used, Electrical power: 7kW, operating voltage: 380V, frequency: 50Hz, control voltage: 220V, current: 35A, control: Heidenhain. An on-site inspection is possible. Lrjdpfx Aboz S Iwweyeu

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, Technical details: bore capacity in steel (diameter): 28 mm throat: 300 mm bore stroke: 150 mm drill capacity in cast iron: 30 mm spindle taper MT: MK3 Lrsdpfxou Idkbj Abysu spindle speed:: 200; 300; 500; 800; 1250; 2000 / 6 step U/min feed: manuell mm/U Distance spindle/table max.: 50 - 600 mm table clamping surface:: 330 x 300 mm table rotating: nein ° drill table adjustment: 550 (Handkurbel) mm column diameter: Ø 125 mm total power requirement: 1,5 kW weight of the machine ca.: ca. 300 kg dimension machine xH: 0,7 x 0,45 x 1,87 m Equipped with RÖHM Supra 3 - 16mm quick-action chuck Machine vice *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, Technical details: grinding diameter min/max: 8 / 40 mm number of spindle speeds: 3000 U/min total power requirement: ca. 1,2 kW weight of the machine ca.: 0,24 t dimension machine xH: 0,7 x 0,9 x 1,3 m The grinding spindle is equipped with two hand levers: Working range left = manual grinding device for small shank drills. working range right = swiveling device of conical shank drills cutting angle max 180 Drill swivel arm small: clearance angle 5° - 9°; drill Ø 8 - 15mm manually adjustable; grinding wheel cup wheel Ø 200 x 40mm with holder Ø 32mm Drill swivel arm large: clearance angle 5° - 9°; drill Ø max 400mm; pitch 6x with index grid manual; grinding wheel currently clamped Ø 180 x 31mm with receptacle Ø 32mm Grinding modes: Normal grinding, DK grinding, center grinding, spiral countersink, multiple step drill. Ledpfxsu Ng Iro Abyeru *

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 35 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 150 mm bore capacity in cast iron (diameter) 40 mm thread capacity M 27 spindle taper MT 4 spindle speeds: Stufenlos 100 - 2000 U/min column diameter 125 mm automatic feeds 3 / 0,1 - 0,2 - 0,3 table: 400 x 420 mm Drive Keilriemen total power requirement 3 kW weight of the machine ca. 360 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 760 x 600 x 2000 mm Column drilling machines - V-belt drive with foot switch - Drilling machine of circular column feed automaticmechanical - Drive by electronic wide V-belt - Spindle taper: CM 4 - Stepless speed adjustment with frequency converter - Potentiometer for speed adjustment - digital speed display - Automatic feed reversal when threading - Scale with adjustable drilling depth - automatic tool ejector Lodpfjvzhd Uex Abyoru - Push button for EMERGENCY STOP switch for right/left rotation - Electronic control integrated in the drill head - integrated coolant device - Machine light - height-adjustable chip protection disc with micro switch - fixed table - CE marking

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 32 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 140 mm taper MK 3 MK table-size 380 x 360 mm feeds über Handrad turning speeds 85 - 1100 U/min total power requirement 1,3 KW weight of the machine ca. 0,27 t dimensions 0,95 x 0,6 x 1,92 m Pillar drill with: Lsdpfoy N D Hyjx Abyjru - Feed via handwheel - Spindle speeds via belt drive

Condition: used, Radial Drilling Machine GSP type 44 T 12 Spindle: CM4 Spindle exit: 300 mm Arm travel: 1000 mm Max height swivel table/spindle nose in height position: 700 mm Max height table/spindle nos ein height position: 1300 mm Swivel table +/- 90 Swivel table dimensions: 1000 x 400 mm Spindle motor: 3,7 kW False table Length 1000 mm x Width 800 mm Auto descent Mechanical locking Lubricant pump Spindle rotation left/right Rotation at 360° around the column Voltage: 380 V Length: 2100 mm Width: 1000 mm Total height in height position: 2700 mm Total height in low position: 2400 mm Weight: approx 2,5 T Lredpfx Aez Nxplebyju

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, Technical details: bore capacity in steel (diameter): 32 mm x-travel: 750 mm y-travel: 520 mm drill capacity in cast iron: 45 mm revolution per minute: 90 - 4500 U/min feed steps: 6 Lrjdpezgwgfsfx Abyou bore spindle stroke: 250 mm boring spindle diameter: 30 mm drill spindle - Morse Taper: MK4 vertical adjustment of the arm: 520 mm throat max.: 1000 mm throat min.: 250 mm column diameter: 400 mm swivel range of the arm: 180 ° table clamping surface LxW: 1150 x 800 mm total power requirement: 3,5 KW weight of the machine ca.: 2000 kg dimension machine approx.LxWxH: 1,7 x 1,07 x 2,61 m The KOVOSVIT VO 32 is a robust and versatile radial drilling machine designed for industrial applications. The machine is suitable for drilling, boring, countersinking, reaming, and tapping operations in steel, cast iron, and other materials. Thanks to its swiveling radial arm and large reach, even large and heavy workpieces can be machined conveniently without the need for complex repositioning. The machine features a massive cast-iron construction, a powerful main drive, and an automatic feed system. The drilling head can be moved along the radial arm, providing a large working area. Its solid design ensures high precision, reliability, and a long service life, even under continuous operation. Equipment: ·Including coolant pump ·1 × boring tool block (boring cube) ·1 × machine vise *

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Heavy-duty, solid cast-iron construction High running smoothness due to ground, oil-bath lubricated gears Right-hand/left-hand operation Automatic quill feed with manual fine feed Motorized positioning of the Z-axis Motorized table feed of the X-axis Coolant system Machine lamp Gear head can be swiveled ± 60° Adjustable wedge strips Solid dovetail guide for the column, hand-scraped, for maximum stability and precision Height-adjustable, large-sized protective shield with microswitch Drilling depth stop Digital position display DRO 5 Drilling/tapping function Solid and large-sized cross table, precisely surface-finished with T-slots and adjustable wedge strips Solid machine base made of cast iron with chip collection groove Single-stage, high-quality industrial electric motor Large speed range of 60 - 2,760 rpm through 2 continuously adjustable speeds Dimensions and weights Length approx. 1600 mm Width/Depth approx. 930 mm Height approx. 2110 mm Weight approx. 495 kg Drilling/Milling performance Arbor size max. 63 mm Shell mill size max. 26 mm Drilling capacity steel (S235JR) 24 mm Continuous drilling capacity steel (S235JR) 20 mm Electrical data Connection voltage 230 V Mains frequency 50 Hz Electrical connection Total connected load 1.5 kW Milling table, horizontal Length 800 mm Width 240 mm Distance Vertical spindle - Milling table max. 420 mm T-slot size 14 mm Number of T-slots 3 T-slot spacing 80 mm Standards and approvals Standard DIN EN 55011 EMC class C2 Travel Lrsdpeg U Uv Ujfx Abyeu X-axis manual 560 mm Y-axis manual 195 mm Z-axis manual 350 mm X-axis automatic 480 mm Vertical spindle Overhang 258 mm Spindle mount MK 4 Speed range 60 – 2760 rpm Number of speed ranges 2 Speed control Steuerung der Drehzahlregelung electronic Draw bar M 16 Swivel range milling head Z - X plane ± 45 ° Quill diameter 75 mm Quill stroke 120 mm Location: In stock at 54634 Bitburg - available immediately -

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Heavy-duty design for the entire machine High running smoothness thanks to a new spindle design Industrial motor Separate emergency stop switch Drill depth stop LED machine light integrated into the drill head Precisely machined, stable drill table with diagonally arranged T-slots and an all-around coolant channel Drill table can be tilted ± 45° and rotated 360° V-belt cover with safety switch Precision spindle bore Machine control and safety electronics in 24 V DC Guaranteed concentricity accuracy ≤ 0.02 mm measured in the drill spindle Thick-walled steel column for high force absorption and stability Massive, generously sized base plate with T-slots Dimensions and weights Column diameter 92 mm Length approx. 945 mm Width/Depth approx. 485 mm Height approx. 2040 mm Weight approx. 162 kg Drilling capacity Drilling capacity in steel (S235JR) 30 mm Continuous drilling capacity in steel (S235JR) 25 mm Drill table Working surface length 355 mm Working surface width 355 mm Type of T-slots diagonal T-slot size 14 mm Number of T-slots 2 Rotation 360° Tilt 45° Distance spindle - drill table max. 784 mm Speed range Speed range 120 – 1810 min⁻¹ Number of speed ranges 9 Electrical data Connection voltage 400 V Mains frequency 50 Hz Machine base Distance spindle - machine base max. 1470 mm Working surface length 230 mm Working surface width 300 mm T-slot size 16 mm Number of T-slots 2 Spindle Quill stroke 125 mm Spindle mount MK 4 Overhang 270 mm Location: In stock at warehouse 54634 Bitburg - immediately available - Lrjdpjg Uaiuofx Abysu

Condition: used, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 23 mm throat 220 mm bore stroke 120 mm Number of revolutions 25 - 3.200 U/min distance Spindlenose and center of table 275 mm table surface area 300 x 355 mm T-slots 3x T - slots distance 120 mm column diameter 110 mm Lrodpfx Aeyfwunebysu weight of the machine ca. ca. 120 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 0,8 x 1,0 x 1,9 m Table Drilling Machine IXION - BT 23 ST - incl. base cabinet

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40 mm arm length 1050 mm turning speeds 15 - 2800 U/min feed range 0,075 - 0,45 mm/min dimensions 2450 x 1300 x 2300 mm Weight 1500 kg Equipment: Machine in top condition 2026 serviced and repaired by the factory customer service Machine design - Work table 1800 x 600 mm with 4T-slots - Boom travel 1050 mm - SK 40 drilling spindle with tool clamping device - Infinitely variable speed programming - Infinitely variable quill feed via three-phase servo motor - 2 T-slots 18 mm on the machine base at the rear - 2 T-slots 18 mm on the left machine base frame - Thread cutting device - Central lubrication - Coolant device - Machine light - CE marking - Safety device - USB interface Dimensions and travels Tool holder SK 40 Column diameter mm 195 Table dimensions mm 1800 x 600 Number of T-slots 4 Distance between T-slots mm 125 Quill stroke (Z-axis) mm 200 Column stroke (W-axis) mm 410 Distance spindle bottom edge - min mm 70 Table top edge max. mm 680 Distance spindle bottom edge - min mm 970 Floor max. mm 1580 Drilling radius mm 540 - 1590 Worktable height mm 900 Cutting values Drilling capacity into solid St 60 ? 40 GG 22 ? 50 Thread cutting St 60 M 36 GG 22 M 42 Main spindle drive AC motor, frequency-controlled kW 5.5 at 100 % ED. Speed range: min -1 15 - 2800 Torque Nm max. 250 constant from min -1 15 - 2000 Feed drives X-axis - AC - servo motor kW 0.25 Y-axis - AC - servo motor kW 0.25 Z-axis - AC - servo motor kW 4.50 W-axis - AC - servo motor kW 2.50 Rapid traverse speeds (X/Y/Z): m/min. 7,5 / 7,5 / 5 Rapid traverse speeds (W): m/min. 3 Feed rates stepless mm/min 5 - 2000 Accuracy Positioning accuracy X-, Y-axis to 1200 mm mm ± 0.075 Electrical data Operating voltage / frequency V / Hz 400 / 50 Control voltage V 24 Hydraulic unit for clamping kW 0.75 Total connected load kVA 13.0 Weight Danumeric 440 (without packaging) with table 1800 x 600 mm kg 2800 CNC control Axes: 3 (X, Y, Z, ) Processor: 32-bit CPU Screen: TFT flat screen, backlit, easy to read from all sides readable from all sides, 215 x 160 mm Position information: Cartesian or polar, absolute or incremental measurements, Unit of measurement: mm or inch or in degrees Interpolation: 2 axes (X, Y) Technology database: tool management, tool suggestions according to machining type, material-dependent cutting data suggestions Tool management: max. 500 tools Subroutine technology: yes Standard software options: Programming in dialog, 38 zero offsets, rotation and mirroring, teach-in for X,Y,Z, restart in program with selection functions for targeted entry Zero point determination: Cycles for determining zero points by manually probing the workpiece for by manually probing the workpiece for: - any clamped rectangular parts - any clamped round parts - Mediation of cast and flame-cut parts - Angular position detection for round parts by touching reference edges or surfaces Lrjdpfx Asy Nd T Hebyou Test graphic Graphic display of drilling patterns