Used Cronosstech 100 Tons D Type Eccentric Press Machine for sale (117,349)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: SN: 5-2067, functionality: unexamined, power: 45 kW (61.18 HP), pressing force: 255 t, overall weight: 24,800 kg, PME Erfurt, Type: ZH 2500 / 1600, Serial No.: 5-2067, Year: 1998, 2500 kN, in operation until December 2025 Technical data of the press according to the nameplate: Press force: 2,500 kN Stroke rate: 25-75 strokes/min Rated stroke rate: 40 strokes/min Stroke: 20-200 mm Ram adjustment: 140 mm Total power: 45 kW Operating voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Machine weight: 24,800 kg Strip feeding system consisting of: PBK, Type: Roller feeder WV-120/DSM 500P, Serial No.: BA00482, Year: 1998, PBK, Type: Straightening machine, Year: unknown, PBK, Type: Unwinding reel SCi 530 M, Serial No.: BA00482, Year: 1998 including enclosure and roller conveyor with peripherals: - Conveyor system Chsdpfx Acezvcxlo Tob Functionality and technical data have not been verified. without additional items/without further accessories, unless explicitly stated as part of the item. If interested, please contact us by email.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: M01645/400/23/051/19, functionality: unexamined, power: 75 kW (101.97 HP), Schuler, Type: Eccentric press MC400, Machine No. M01645/400/23/051/19, Year of manufacture 2019, 4000 kN Technical data of the press according to the nameplate: Supply voltage: 3LNPE/400V/50Hz Control system: CCS/PNOZmulti Chodpozvcgpsfx Ac Tsb Fuse rating: 250 A Rated power: 75 kW Rated force: 4,000 kN Work capacity: 60,000 J Max. strokes in continuous operation: 20-80 strokes/min Max. strokes in single-stroke operation: 30 strokes/min Max. clutch cycles in single-stroke operation per minute: 20 Post-travel time: 0.20 sec Min. safety distance: 322 mm Min./max. clutch pressure: 5.5/6.0 bar System pressure: 6.0 bar Stroke lengths: 40-315 mm Maximum ram adjustment: 200 mm Standard connection point of the ram: OU Max. installation space, largest stroke in UU: 750 mm Table dimensions: 3000 x 1400 mm Max. tool dimensions: 3000 x 1300 mm Max. weight of tool upper part: 2,800 kg Weight without additional equipment: 72,000 kg Strip feeding system consisting of: GSW Schwabe, Type: MHR 5/2000, Serial No. M 2018-01118, Year of manufacture 2019 GSW Schwabe, Type: RMA 50/79, Serial No. M 2018-01119, Year of manufacture 2019 Including hydraulic unit, enclosure, and roller conveyor GSW project no.: 2018-60420 with peripherals: - SCHÄFER lubricant supply system with tank - RAZIOL EST-10-D ELS-400, Year of manufacture 2018 - Conveyor belt - GÜTHLE ACT10F2000/2400N, Set of 2, Year of manufacture 2019 - Control cabinet Function and technical data have not been verified. Without further items/without further accessories, unless explicitly specified as part of the item. If interested, please contact us by email.

Condition: used, Single-column eccentric press BERRENBERG Type EPtG 20-325 N-0 Mach. No. 15342, Year of manufacture 1974 Pressing force 20 tons Projection 320 mm Table surface 550 x 350 mm Through hole in table 190 x 120 mm Push surface 305 x 140 mm Table intermediate plate L x W x H 540 x 340 x 55 mm Through hole in table intermediate plate Ø 103 mm Clamping pin bore Ø 40 mm Stroke adjustment 8 - 70 mm Push adjustment 35 mm Installation height max. 345 mm (without table intermediate plate) Installation height max. 290 mm (with table intermediate plate) Table height above floor 700 - 750 mm (without table intermediate plate) Stroke rate 100 to 180 strokes/min. Drive power 1.5 kW Power supply 380 V, 50 Hz - Pneumatic clutch-brake combination, manufacturer: ORTLINGHAUS - Electric foot switch and two-hand operation - Stroke rate continuously adjustable via variator drive - Table height adjustment via threaded spindle approx. 150 mm - Manual central grease lubrication BEKA Schmiertechnik - Height-adjustable press table via threaded spindle - Electrical diagram Space requirement L x W x H 1600 x 850 x 1950 mm Weight 1250 kg Cjdpfxov Tp D Hj Ac Tehb Good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, pressure 25 t Cedpsykb Dksfx Ac Tjhb throat 375 mm stroke 8 - 80 mm no. of strokes 120 Hub/min ram adjustment 45 mm table surface area 800 x 580 mm clamping plate 800 x 450 mm ram surface Platte 575 x 220 mm total power requirement 1,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 2,5 t

Condition: used, all stainless steel belt width 600 mm mobile mesh width 5 mm adjustable speed with air knives with batter pump Chodpezl S E Tsfx Ac Tsb

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1994, power: 75 kW (101.97 HP), pressing force: 315 t, ram plate width: 1,000 mm, ram plate length: 1,500 mm, year of last overhaul: 2018, Pressure: 315 t Stroke: 20-150 mm Adjustable ram stroke min./max.: 20 - 150 mm Table size: 1780 x 1250 mm Ram area: 1500 x 1000 mm Total power requirement: 75 kW Machine weight approx.: 46 t Additional information: - Installation height with max. stroke, adjustment at the bottom, installation at the top: 00 mm - Table opening: 1200 x 300 mm - Recess in the table: 1300 x 400 x 80 mm - Stroke rate continuously adjustable: 20-120 strokes/min. Codpfx Aezxwz Hjc Tohb

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2007, Table size 2200 x 1000 mm Cjdpfx Aceg Tdavs Tshb Longitudinal travel 2050 mm Cross travel 1150 mm Vertical travel 760 mm Spindle speeds 12.000 rpm Spindle taper ISA 40 Power feed 1 - 8.000 mm/min Rapid speed Z-axe 15 m/min Rapid speed X - Y axis 20 m/min Control Heidenhain IT 530 NC Tool change 40 pcs

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1975, functionality: fully functional, throat depth: 450 mm, Very good condition! Chedpfx Acozxmime Tjb With gearbox: Capacity: 300 t Strokes: 35 spm Throat depth: 450 mm - Pneumatic clutch - Ram weight balance Ram stroke: 20 - 140 mm Ram adjustment: 80 mm Motor power: 30 HP

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 9 h, lifting height: 4,800 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, power: 85 kW (115.57 HP), motor manufacturer: Deutz, total height: 2,950 mm, total length: 6,800 mm, total width: 2,230 mm, color: other, Equipment: air conditioning, Year of manufacture: 2025 Empty weight: 14.827 kg Engine type: Deutz TCD3.6 Lifting capacity: 10.000 kg CE mark: yes General condition: very good Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Chodpjxn Sx Sefx Ac Tob = Additional options and accessories = - 3rd hydr. circuit - 4th Hydr. circuit - Beacon(s) - Freelift - Side shift - Work lamp(s) = Remarks = Drivetrain Internship / Tier: Stage V / Tier IV final General Country of production: France Condition CE type: CE New Manitou MI100D with triplex mast, hydraulic fork positioner and side shift, two sets of forks (1500 mm and 2400 mm), and an air-conditioned cabin.

Condition: used, Himmel HF120 mitre jointing machine for the precise and secure gluing of mitre joints in wooden frames, glazing bars and mouldings using white glue. The machine enables a fast setting time thanks to high-frequency technology, pneumatic clamping mechanisms and precise alignment of the workpieces. Ideal for furniture and picture frame manufacturing. Chodpfoztv D Asx Ac Tjb Machine not in working order. Technical data: - Cycle time: approx. 4 seconds - Strip width: max. 100 mm - Strip height: max. 100 mm - Operation: foot switch - Possible angles: 90°, 120°, 135°

Condition: used, KED II HDZ drum sander or belt sander for sanding timber and other materials. Technical data: - Sanding belt: 300 x 1,010 mm - Motor: 2.2 kW - Dimensions (L x W x H) approx.: 1,050 x 600 x 1,000 mm Cjdpfx Acjztvzuo Tshb

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, The motorized hydraulic press P50MR guarantees high performance and maximum precision thanks to its robust structure, entirely laser-cut without welds in the areas of greatest stress. It is equipped with an immersion motor power unit 400 [V] 50-60 [Hz], a rapid approach and return pump calibrated to 20 [bar], plus an adjustable pressure pump with a handwheel to achieve the required power. Chedpfx Acjfvhqgo Tsb It is also equipped with a maximum pressure valve with mechanical locking to prevent overpressure, and the pressure gauge (standard) allows for extremely precise calibration of the power output. Power: 50 tons Distance between inner uprights: 800 mm Approach speed: 1800 mm/min Working speed: 350 mm/min Rapid return flow rate: 26 l/min Slow return flow rate: 5 l/min Cylinder stroke: 300 mm Cylinder bore: 135 mm Rod diameter: 70 mm Rod thread diameter: M30 Tank capacity: 50 liters Maximum pressure: 350 bar Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50-60 Hz Motor power: 3 kW Maximum absorbed current: 5.5 A Weight: 500 kg Dimensions: 1550 x 800 x 1965 (h)

Condition: new, NEW! flaker for frozen products (fish, meat, vegetables, etc...) electrical power : 5,5 kW dimensions of the machine (l x w x h) : ± 1.650 x 950 x 1.570 mm capacity : ± 1500 kg / h for blocks of max. ± 520 x 220 mm (w x h) Chsdpfezldw Iex Ac Tjb 3 x 400 V

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, table width: 1,000 mm, table load: 11,000 kg, table length: 3,200 mm, type of input current: AC, workpiece weight (max.): 11,000 kg, overall weight: 18,500 kg, input voltage: 400 V, Technical Description CNC bed milling machine in very good condition, manufactured by MTE. Year of manufacture: 2006 Control system: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 24-position tool changer Chip conveyor Travel range: Longitudinal (X) = 3,000 mm Transverse (Y) = 1,200 mm Vertical (Z) = 1,500 mm Work table/clamping surface: Length = 3,200 mm Width = 1,000 mm Maximum table load: 11,000 kg Tool holder: ISO 50, DIN 69871 AD Draw bolt: DIN 69872 Form A Main drive: Maximum drive power: from 198 rpm, 30 kW Spindle speed range: Spindle speed = 20 to 6,000 rpm Feed rates: X, Y, and Z axes mm/min 2 – 15,000 Maximum rapid traverse rate: X, Y, and Z axes mm/min 25,000 Space requirement: Length approx. mm 8,100 (without transverse conveyor + 1,280 mm) Height approx. = 3,300 mm Width approx. (at Y = 1,200 mm) mm 5,000 Weight: approx. 18,500 kg Codpfxezu R Ras Ac Tjhb Connection power: approx. 52 kVA

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7732 TECHNICAL DATA - pressing force: hydraulic - briquette shape: round - briquette diameter: 70mm - tank diameter: 1200mm - output: approx. 70kg/h - fully automatic machine operation - motor: 7.5kW - max working pressure: 150 bar - suction outlet diameter: 90mm - filter bag opening diameter: 500mm - max bag height: 900mm - dimensions (LxWxH): 1950x1400x2700mm - weight: 1130kg ADVANTAGES - Italian-made - direct connection to sawdust extraction possible Codpfx Ajzw Dbkoc Tshb - used briquetting press - operating & maintenance documentation (DTR) - condition: very good Net price: 29,900 PLN Net price: 7,120 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices may vary with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,100 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,300 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate X-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 30 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 36 rpm, table length: 4,000 mm, table width: 1,500 mm, tank capacity: 500 l, SHW PowerSpeed 5 Travel Ranges • X-axis (bed): 4,000 mm • Y-axis (vertical): 2,100 mm • Z-axis (spindle horizontal): 1,300 mm Control System • CNC control: Heidenhain iTNC 530 Feed Speed • X, Y, and Z axes: 2 - 30,000 mm/min • Acceleration: 3.5 m/s² Universal Milling Head in Orthogonal Design • Milling head swivel range (mounting): 360 x 1 degree • Milling head swivel range: 180 x 1 degree • Tool holder: SK 50 DIN 69871 • Speed range: 36 – 4,000 rpm o Short-term: 36 – 6,000 rpm Automatic Tool Changer • Tool magazine for 48 tools Clamping Plate • Clamping surface: 4,000 x 1,500 mm Chip Conveyor • Fork length: 4,000 mm Coolant System • Tank capacity: 500 l Splash and Chip Protection • One-sided, with 2 manually sliding doors About the Company MBM MBM Maschinenservice & Gebrauchtmaschinen GmbH is an independent specialist for SHW machine tools. Our main focus is on tool milling machines. Our services include, among others, spare parts delivery, on-site customer service, machine overhauls, and control system modernization. Services: - Used machines - Spare parts Chedpow I Rz Hefx Ac Tob - Customer service - Machine servicing - Machine overhauls - CNC control modernization ----- _____ Used machine – used milling machine – used traveling column milling machine – orthogonal milling head – metalworking – tool milling machine – milling head – SHW machine – SHW spare parts – used milling machine – used cnc milling machine – used boring and milling machine – used metal milling machine – used metal mill – used metal machining center – used cnc mill – cnc milling machines – milling machinery – large part machining – cnc large part machining – milling – shw – PS5 – PS 5 – Powerspeed – SHW PSZ 5 – SHW Powerspeed – SHW Powerspeed 5 – PSZ 5 – Heidenhain – MBM milling machine – MBM machine – column-type milling machine

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 20,000 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 20,000 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 20,000 m/min, position of the milling head: 0.001, spindle speed (max.): 3,500 rpm, table width: 1,500 mm, table load: 10,000 kg, table length: 1,500 mm, type of input current: three-phase, workpiece weight (max.): 10,000 kg, overall weight: 26,000 kg, input voltage: 400 V, LAGUN GORATU GTM 3 MILLING MACHINE (TYPE T) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Brand: Lagun Model: GTM3 Year: 2016 CNC: Heidenhain iTNC 530 Table: 1500 x 1500 mm X: 3000 mm Cedpfx Acsy T Sffo Tehb Y: 1200 mm Z: 1500 mm V (Column cross travel: 1000 mm Automatic milling head - ISO 50 Spindle speed: 4,000 rpm Rotary table (capacity 10 tons) Internal coolant system: 40 Bar Spindle power: 28/34.5 Kw Coolant filter PRICE AND FURTHER INFORMATION AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST (CNC, SIEMENS, HASS, LAGUN, FAGOR, CINCINNATI, HEIDENHAIN, MACHINING, PINACHO, MORISEIKI, MILLING MACHINE, LATHE, GRINDER, BORING MACHINE, PRESS, LASER, SHEAR, PRESS BRAKE)

Condition: used, Manufacturer: Müller Stanz- und Umformtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Type: PMLE250x1700 R-HK Machine No.: A05036-02 Chedezrz Ecspfx Ac Tjb Year of manufacture: 2006 Machine type: Eccentric press Press force: 2500 kN Press force: 250 t Stroke rate: 20–120 min⁻¹ Stroke: 25–125 mm Ram adjustment: 100 mm Voltage: 400 V Motor power: 55 kW Connected power: 100 kW Weight: 47,000 kg Draw cushion: No Condition: Used Machine is leaking hydraulic oil Several leaks are present in the hydraulic system Tension pins for the ram adjustment have been deactivated due to the hydraulic leaks Sold without conveyor system Videos available upon request Location: Freiburg

Condition: used, Brand and Model: CORREA CF 22/25 Csdpfx Ajzq Rzqjc Tohb Cnc: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 Type: BED TYPE Table dimensions: 2500x700 mm Max allowed weight on table: 4000 kgs Traverses (X,Z,Y): 2500x800x800 mm Milling head model: U22 manual Spindle cone: ISO 50 Speed range: 4000 rpm Power: 22 kw Feedrates: 5-5000 mm/min Rapid traverses (X,Y,Z): 12000 mm/min Machine weight: 9500 kgs Machine dimensions: 6400x3345x2800 mm Machine equipped with: -Optical encoders on the X,Y,Z axes – Electronic wheel – Hydraulic cone clamping pedal

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, pressing force: 260 t, stroke length: 250 mm, table width: 840 mm, table length: 1,500 mm, air pressure: 9.807 bar, compressed air connection: 9.807 bar, ram adjustment: 120 mm, We are offering this used Chin Fong OCP-260N eccentric press with double column, year of construction 2000. Model: OCP-260N Factory number: A00373 Year of construction: 2000-11 Capacity: 260 tons Stroke frequency: 20–40 strokes/min Stroke: 250 mm Maximum die height: 500 mm Upper bolster clearance: 7 mm Slide adjustment (range): 120 mm Upper platen surface (L × W): 1130 × 700 mm Lower platen surface (L × W): 1500 × 840 mm Main motor power: 22 kW Poles: 4 Machine weight: 31.8 tons Compressed air pressure: 9.807 bar Oil temperature max.: +100 °C Oil temperature min.: -10 °C Oil volume: 180 liters Cjdpjykbcmjfx Ac Tohb If you have any questions or need more information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: new, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 30,000 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30,000 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30,000 m/min, position of the milling head: Universal-Diagonal-Fräskopf, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, table width: 1,100 mm, table load: 10,000 kg, table length: 3,100 mm, torque: 1,178 Nm, power: 31 kW (42.15 HP), Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, LAGUN BM 3 Bed Milling Machine – available for short-term delivery The LAGUN BM 3 is a highly stable bed milling machine for heavy-duty and precision machining. Ideal for single-piece production as well as series production with the highest requirements for stiffness, accuracy and reliability – all without complex foundation work. Your advantages at a glance: ✔ Installation & commissioning in Germany included ✔ Service & spare parts directly via JMT ✔ Lease purchase / financing possible ✔ No special foundation required (standard industrial floor is sufficient) ✔ 24 months warranty Why LAGUN: LAGUN is one of the leading machine tool manufacturers in Spain (MAHER HOLDING) and stands for robust construction, high dynamics and decades of experience in the construction of bed milling machines. The machines impress with high reliability, ease of maintenance and economical operation. Technical equipment: Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 640 CNC path control HEIDENHAIN TFT screen 19" HEIDENHAIN motors, measuring systems and electronic handwheel HR-510 Cooling: Internal coolant supply (ICS) 36 bar Tool changer: 24-position drum magazine with dual gripper Chip disposal: Double-hinge belt conveyor (front and rear) Preparation: Preparation for 4th axis (rotary table optional) Enclosure: Full enclosure (perimeter) Accuracy: Positioning accuracy: ± 0.015 mm Repeatability: ± 0.008 mm Your advantages with JMT: ✔ Official LAGUN sales partner in Germany Cedeh Ekrtopfx Ac Tjhb ✔ Technical support and on-site service ✔ Fast spare parts supply ✔ Training and instruction included ✔ Reference machines available in Germany Contact us – we will be happy to advise you and create an individual offer.

Condition: new, travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 30,000 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30,000 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30,000 m/min, position of the milling head: Universal-Diagonal-Fräskopf, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, table width: 1,100 mm, table load: 12,000 kg, table length: 4,100 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 12,000 kg, overall weight: 26,500 kg, torque: 1,178 Nm, power: 31 kW (42.15 HP), Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, LAGUN BM 4 Bed Milling Machine – available for short-term delivery The LAGUN BM 4 is a highly stable bed milling machine for heavy-duty and precision machining. Ideal for single-part production as well as series production with the highest demands on rigidity, accuracy, and reliability – and all without complex foundation work. Your advantages at a glance: ✔ Installation & commissioning in Germany included ✔ Service & spare parts directly from JMT ✔ Lease purchase / financing possible ✔ No special foundation required (standard industrial floor is sufficient) ✔ 24-month warranty Why LAGUN: LAGUN is one of the leading machine tool manufacturers in Spain (MAHER HOLDING) and stands for robust construction, high dynamics, and decades of experience in the construction of bed milling machines. The machines impress with their high reliability, ease of maintenance, and economical operation. Technical equipment: Control system: HEIDENHAIN TNC 640 control system HEIDENHAIN TFT screen 19" HEIDENHAIN motors, measuring systems, and electronic handwheel HR-510 Cooling: Internal coolant supply (ICS) 36 bar Tool changer: 24-position drum magazine with double gripper Chip disposal: Double-hinge belt conveyor (front and rear) Preparation: Preparation for 4th axis (rotary table optional) Enclosure: Full enclosure (perimeter) Accuracy: Positioning accuracy: ± 0.020 mm Repeatability: ± 0.008 mm Your advantages with JMT: ✔ Official LAGUN distribution partner in Germany ✔ Technical support and on-site service ✔ Fast spare parts supply ✔ Training and instruction included ✔ Reference machines available in Germany Chedpsh Ekrzsfx Ac Tsb Contact us – we will be happy to advise you and prepare an individual offer.

Condition: used, Schneider SK D 2 twin-spindle table router for the precise machining of solid wood and wood-based materials, featuring two independently operable router spindles. The machine enables efficient working thanks to the rapid changeover between different milling tools without any changeover times. Ideal for a wide range of milling tasks in window, door and furniture manufacturing. Technical data: - Motor, each: 4.5 kW - Spindle diameter: 30 mm - Spindle centre distance: 600 mm Cedpfszryrzsx Ac Tehb - Speed settings: 3000/4000/5000/6000/8000/10000 - D-89440 Lutzingen, Tel. , Fax: , April 2015, asking price €500 - D-89440 Lutzingen, Tel. , Fax: , May 2015, cost price €1,000

Condition: used, Used SANDER Type TH strapping machine for banding and securing packages. The machine is suitable for use in storage, packaging and shipping operations. Chodpfszrx R Aox Ac Tsb

Condition: new, new ! all stainless steel closed lid with seal 2 mixing directions (manual or automatic) tiltable CE-approved power : 2,2 kW overall dimensions (l x w x h) : ± 1.300 x 600 x 1.300 mm The Barmix 200 liter paddle mixer is an ideal machine for mixing all types of food products within the meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, dairy, cereal, confectionery, petfood and sandwich filling industry. Chjdpfx Aszi Sdqoc Tsb Mixing for meat and vegetarian burgers, sausages, meatballs, coleslaw, potato salad and other wet salads, mash potato, vegetables fresh and frozen, cereals, raw petfood Also suitable for dry products, such as herbs, ingredients, powders, granules, nuts, grains, seeds, kernels, dried fruit, Granola, etc.