Used Pfiffner Hydromat Hb-32 for sale (8,560)

Condition: new, load capacity: 1,200 kg, rotary table diameter: 1,200 mm, table load: 1,200 kg, – Horizontal capacity: 1200 kg – Vertical capacity: 1200 kg Fgodpfx Aowkth Aefksc – Table size: 1200 mm – Electrically tiltable – Wired remote control – Digital display – Documentation – 400 V

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, load capacity: 1,200 kg, – Horizontal capacity 1200 kg – Vertical capacity 1200 kg – Table dimension 1300 mm – Electrically tiltable – Wireless remote control – Digital display – Boreholes Ø 16 mm – Documentation – 400V Fsdpfjwygixjx Afkegc

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, rotary table diameter: 650 mm, - Horizontal load capacity 600 kg Fgodpfeuitd Dex Afkjc - Vertical load capacity 300 kg - Table size 650 mm - Passage 80 mm - Electrically tiltable - Wired remote control - Digital display - Documentation - 400V

Condition: new, The HB 460 L is a semi-automatic horizontal band saw in the Horizontal Mitre Cutting Bandsaws category and part of the Semi-Auto Bandsaw product group. Designed for heavy cutting applications, it delivers precise cuts on steel, cast iron, and other materials with its robust dual-column construction and reduced vibrations that enhance accuracy and speed. This advanced model features infinitely variable cutting speeds from 20 to 100 m/min, a powerful, low-maintenance motor, and a standard hydraulic workpiece clamping system to ensure reliability and efficiency. With the HB 460 L, operators benefit from precise saw blade tension adjustments via a pressure gauge, a removable coolant reservoir for easy maintenance, and an optical sensor for automatic stroke height adjustment. The machine’s versatility extends to including miter cutting capabilities with a 45° swiveling vise, making it ideal for both sections and solid materials. For an optimal cutting experience with the Horizontal Mitre Cutting Bandsaws product group, request a quote for the HB 460 L today and see how KNUTH can enhance your machining operations. Fsdou Abvdjpfx Afksgc

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, Crumbler HB KRU 6 Federa Dn Sopfx Afkegc Length and diameter of crumb roll: 1740 x Ø 250 mm Engine: 7.5 and 11 kW Weight: 2100kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 2,200 mm, total width: 1,600 mm, Empty weight: 2.150 kg Price: On request Fedjwfpakopfx Afkogc - Year: 1999 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 39 - Drive system: Teach-in - Control system brand: Heidenhain - Power [kW]: 7.5 - Centre height [mm]: 160 - Swing over bed [mm]: 320 - Distance between centres [mm]: 800 - Spindle bore [mm]: 50 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 4000 - Transport dimensions: 2200mm x 1600mm x 1800mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 2150kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 381 h, load capacity: 800 kg, lifting height: 1,580 mm, fuel type: electric, construction height: 1,900 mm, gearing type: other, overall weight: 730 kg, empty load weight: 515 kg, total length: 1,800 mm, color: red, mileage: 381 km, first registration: 11/2013, suspension: other, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, fuel: electricity, The BT SWE 080L stacker truck, built in 2013, offers a reliable solution for industrial lifting and transport requirements. With an operating time of 381 hours, it has a payload of 730 kg and is both robust and efficient. Powered by an electric battery, it is environmentally friendly and ideal for indoor use. With a compact design of 1,900 mm high, 720 mm wide and 1,800 mm long, it fits perfectly into limited work areas. This used model in bright red is primarily intended for commercial customers, such as agriculture, freelancers and small and large commercial companies. The truck can be delivered within Germany for an additional charge if required. A viewing is possible from Monday to Saturday without prior appointment. Various loading options are available for transport. Interested buyers benefit from a comprehensive registration service Fgedpew Icp Aofx Afkec and the option to trade in or purchase other commercial vehicles. Further information and contact details for viewing can be found online on the website provided. Sale only to commercial operators (agriculture, freelancers, small and large businesses) or export. Subject to errors and prior sale.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 3,264 h, load capacity: 800 kg, lifting height: 1,580 mm, fuel type: electric, construction height: 1,900 mm, gearing type: other, overall weight: 730 kg, empty load weight: 515 kg, total length: 1,800 mm, color: red, mileage: 3,264 km, first registration: 11/2012, suspension: other, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, fuel: electricity, The BT SWE 080L stacker is a used electric forklift truck that was first registered in November 2012. With a mileage of 3,264 km and just as many operating hours, this model offers a reliable and efficient solution for internal transport. The compact stacker has a height of 1,900 mm, a width of 720 mm and a length of 1,800 mm, which makes it easy to navigate in tight spaces. The permissible total weight is 730 kg, which makes the forklift versatile for various applications in small to medium-sized companies. The forklift comes in an elegant red. Fgjdpsr Uzd Tofx Afkec Only sold to tradespeople (agriculture, freelancers, small and large businesses) or export. Errors and prior sale reserved.

Condition: used, mileage: 6,000 km, power: 206 kW (280.08 HP), first registration: 02/2026, fuel type: diesel, number of seats: 32, gearing type: automatic, color: yellow, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), soot filter, * MAN Lion's City * 32 seats * 69 standing places * 12 m * Wheelchair space * 3 double doors Fgodpfx Aeyq Uc Tofkjc * Air conditioning * Euro 6e * Immediately available * Subject to prior sale, errors and changes reserved

Condition: used, DIRECT FROM PRINTING SHOP We sell this machine on behalf of our customer and try to realize his asking price. However, we are open to offers from your side. offer consists of: Fastbind Casematic H32 PRO Covermaker / Casemaker including accessories (laminator, block press) The FASTBIND Casmatic H32Pro is a professional cover maker / case maker with a folding unit for the on-demand production of individual book covers for hardcover bindings and photo books up to 330 x 330 mm. • For the production of individually printed hardcover book covers. • The desired motif simply needs to be printed on self-adhesive material or material that is subsequently self-adhesive on the back. • Of course, all known book cover materials can also be used if they are self-adhesive or have a self-adhesive finish or glue • With the help of the Hardcover Maker, the gray cardboard is inserted and covered precisely. • Thanks to numerous tools, the Casematic makes this possible semi-automatically in just a few steps Fgedju Srxbopfx Afkjc • The work table is equipped with a vacuum fixation which, in addition to the light table with measuring scale, ensures exact positioning of the printed sheet • Using the optional cutting device, the printed sheet is trimmed precisely at the corners after the gray cardboard has been applied • With the folding unit, the edges are then folded around the gray cardboard without any creases, so that a cleanly manufactured hardcover in bookbinding quality is created • optional: corner cutter • optional: side stop • Max. paper size: W740 x H370 mm • max. book format: 330 x 330 x 40 mm (W x H x RB) • Max. fold length: 700 mm • Connection: 240 V / 50 Hz • Dimensions: W830 x D470 x H200 mm • Weight: 23kg We can also organize the following for you: packaging, loading, transport ( by ship or plane) including customs

Condition: used, empty load weight: 15,000 kg, maximum load weight: 39,895 kg, overall weight: 54,895 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 10/1989, loading space length: 13,600 mm, loading space width: 2,750 mm, loading space height: 650 mm, total length: 2,750 mm, total width: 3,500 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 8.25R15, color: red, mileage: 1,001 km, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Vehicle location: Bovenden, 3-axle, BPW axles, air suspension, forced steering, lifting+lowering, lashing eyes, 2-section ramps, hydr. ramps Superstructure: hydr. liftable low bed, hydr. ramps Trailer was partially overhauled in 2009 for EUR 11,000: NEW FLOOR and much more, and was then no longer in use Widenable from 2750mm to 3250mm, loading length in drop deck=5850mm, loading length over axles=4250mm, loading height over gooseneck approx.: 1620 mm, over loading area approx.: 650 mm, over the axles approx.: 940 mm. 1/3 of the low bed can be raised hydraulically! ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Fodpfx Afji Rqi Soksgc - .

Condition: used, mileage: 1,001 km, first registration: 01/2007, empty load weight: 230 kg, color: blue, driver cabin: other, gearing type: other, Year of construction: 2007, Vehicle location: Bovenden, Fodoi Rpmtjpfx Afkegc Body: Excavator grab, shell width 600mm, nominal capacity approx. 350l ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! - .

Condition: used, empty load weight: 4,600 kg, maximum load weight: 27,400 kg, overall weight: 32,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 04/2004, loading space length: 7,500 mm, loading space width: 2,350 mm, loading space height: 1,600 mm, loading space volume: 27 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65R22.5, color: yellow, mileage: 1,001 km, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Equipment: ABS, Vehicle location: Bovenden, aluminum body, aluminum rims, 2-axle, BPW axles, air suspension, ABS (anti-lock braking system), catwalk, flap, U-protection, chute Body: Aluminum round body approx. 27m³ 2x 9t BPW axles, disc brakes, floor pan made of 7mm aluminum sheet, wear plate made of 7mm aluminum on the floor, with aluminum air tank, 4,600 kg empty weight, ALCOA aluminum wheels, saddle height 1,390mm / 1,400mm, also suitable for 6x6! ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Fgodpfxevhm D Tj Afkec - .

Condition: used, empty load weight: 6,000 kg, maximum load weight: 26,000 kg, overall weight: 32,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 07/2007, loading space length: 9,450 mm, loading space width: 2,450 mm, loading space height: 1,800 mm, loading space volume: 40 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65R22.5, mileage: 1,001 km, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Equipment: ABS, Vehicle location: Bovenden, aluminum body, 2 axles, SAF axles, lifting & lowering, ABS (anti-lock braking system), roll tarp, grain outlet, flap, doors, foldable side guard, storage box. Body: 40 cbm aluminum tipper with roll tarp. Platform with roll tarp, disc brakes. ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to change, prior sale and errors excepted! Fodpfx Aexga Urjfkegc

Condition: used, mileage: 20,589 km, power: 257 kW (349.42 HP), first registration: 09/2006, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 17,650 kg, maximum load weight: 350 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 5,100 mm, color: red, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro3, suspension: steel, number of seats: 2, Equipment: ABS, cabin, differential lock, fog lights, hydraulics, parking heater, Vehicle location: Bovenden, license plate house, electric mirrors, heated mirrors, electric window left, electric window right, ABS (anti-lock braking system), automatic, differential lock, fog lights, leaf suspension, 4-point hydraulic support, green environmental sticker Wheelbase: 5100 mm Superstructure: Marte TM32 telescopic mast superstructure with basket, approx. 1,095 operatingHrs. telescopic rescue platform TRB MX-32, maximum working height of 32 m, horizontal reach of 20 m, reach below ground level of 8 m, telescopic cage boom, rescue cage with a load capacity of 360 kg, permanently mounted Unifire Force 50 extinguishing monitor with a maximum output of 2,000 l/min, extinguishing water supply to the cage, monitor 2000 l/min, telescopic mast cab. The sale to tradesmen or export is subject to 19% VAT! ACCESSORIES WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Fgedpfovhm A Aex Afksc - .

Condition: used, mileage: 28,324 km, power: 74 kW (100.61 HP), first registration: 05/1966, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 3,200 mm, color: blue, driver cabin: other, gearing type: mechanical, suspension: steel, total length: 2,300 mm, total width: 2,950 mm, Year of construction: 1966, Vehicle location: inbound / in transit, Wheelbase: 3200 mm Body: Car transporter, former fire engine with 6-cylinder diesel engine. The vehicle is currently under restoration and will be converted into a car transporter! All information provided without guarantee, as the vehicle is inbound! Fgsdpfx Afjvhhg Nsksc Location: A&K ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT GUARANTEE, subject to change, prior sale, and errors!

Condition: used, mileage: 1,100 km, gearing type: other, color: yellow, overall weight: 32,000 kg, empty load weight: 6,210 kg, maximum load weight: 25,790 kg, tire size: 425/65R22.5, first registration: 06/2012, suspension: air, driver cabin: other, Equipment: ABS, Vehicle location: Bovenden, 2-axle, air-suspended, 1st axle liftable, ABS (anti-lock braking system), U-protection Body: LIEBHERR concrete mixer type HTM 1004 approx. 10m³ 2x BPW axles, disc brakes, 1st axle liftable! ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Fedpfei Rk Epjx Afkegc - .

Condition: used, mileage: 20,589 km, power: 257 kW (349.42 HP), first registration: 09/2006, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 17,650 kg, maximum load weight: 350 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 5,100 mm, color: red, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro3, suspension: steel, number of seats: 2, Equipment: ABS, cabin, differential lock, fog lights, hydraulics, parking heater, Vehicle location: Bovenden, license plate house, electric mirrors, heated mirrors, electric window left, electric window right, ABS (anti-lock braking system), automatic, differential lock, fog lights, leaf suspension, 4-point hydraulic support, green environmental sticker Wheelbase: 5100 mm Superstructure: Marte TM32 telescopic mast superstructure with basket, approx. 1,094 operatingTelescopic rescue platform TRB MX-32, maximum working height of 32 m, horizontal reach of 20 m, reach below ground level of 8 m, telescopic cage boom, rescue cage with a load capacity of 360 kg, permanently mounted Unifire Force 50 extinguishing monitor with a maximum output of 2,000 l/min, extinguishing water supply to the cage, monitor 2000 l/min, telescopic mast cabin, All information without guarantee, as the vehicle is in the supply line! ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Fodpfevhm Dajx Afkjgc - .

Condition: used, mileage: 32,100 km, power: 220 kW (299.12 HP), first registration: 06/2024, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 13,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, next inspection (TÜV): 09/2026, color: red, gearing type: automatic, total width: 2,520 mm, total height: 2,963 mm, loading space volume: 6 m³, loading space length: 4,200 mm, loading space width: 2,350 mm, loading space height: 600 mm, Year of construction: 2024, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), M-Benz Atego 1330K Meiller Tipper VIN: 754954 Chassis / Attachments: * Wheelbase: 3,260 mm * Leaf suspension * Tires: 275/70 R 22.5 * Condition: front approx. 90%, rear approx. 90% * 1 x plastic diesel tank * 1 x AdBlue tank * 1 x Meiller hydraulic tank * Fixed underrun protection * Ball head coupling, support load 150 kg * Hydraulic connections for trailer Cab: * Driver's cab: S Classic Space * 3-seater * Automatic climate control * Radio * AUX, USB * Manual sunroof * Rear wall of cab with window * 2 x rotating beacons Body: * Meiller three-way tipper, year of manufacture 2024 * Dimensions L x W x H: 4.20 m x 2.35 m x 0.60 m * Front wall: 800 mm * Certificate: EN12642 Code XL * 3 x lashing eyes per side Fjdpfx Aoy Ngk Uofkjgc Engine / Transmission: * 7,698 cc // 300 HP / 220 kW // EURO 6e * Power-Shift 3 / automatic * Engine brake / High Performance Engine Brake * Differential lock * PTO Weights: * Gross vehicle weight: 13,500 kg * Unladen weight: 6,785 kg * Payload: 6,715 kg Miscellaneous: * German vehicle * 1 previous owner * General inspection * 32,100 km * Excellent condition New general inspections / safety inspections or weight reductions/increases are possible upon request. We are happy to assist you in obtaining export/temporary plates, and transport of your purchased vehicles within Germany is also possible. Contact us! ---- We speak the following languages: German, English and Russian! ---- No liability for printing and typing errors, subject to change, prior sale, and mistakes! ---- Who are we? Leible Nutzfahrzeuge is a family-owned business based in Kehl am Rhein. With our many years of experience in the preparation and distribution of commercial vehicles, we are a reliable partner for clients worldwide. Leible Nutzfahrzeuge’s particular strength lies in the sale of new and used commercial vehicles. On our 11,000 sqm premises, you will find a wide range of vehicles. Our company philosophy is characterized by fairness and professionalism. Since customer satisfaction is very important to us, we offer our clients an excellent all-round service package and provide them with a competent contact person who supports them during the purchase or sale of vehicles. See for yourself! Our service for you: Loading of vehicles We are happy to help you load your purchased vehicles. Organizing special transports We are happy to help you organize special transports. Temporary/export license plates We are happy to assist you in obtaining export or short-term license plates. Handling customs formalities We are happy to assist you with customs clearance.

Condition: used, mileage: 32,100 km, power: 220 kW (299.12 HP), first registration: 06/2024, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 13,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, next inspection (TÜV): 09/2026, color: red, gearing type: automatic, total width: 2,520 mm, total height: 2,963 mm, loading space volume: 6 m³, loading space length: 4,200 mm, loading space width: 2,350 mm, loading space height: 600 mm, Year of construction: 2024, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), M-Benz Atego 1330K Meiller Tipper VIN: 754954 Chassis / Attachments: * Wheelbase: 3,260 mm * Leaf suspension * Tyres: 275/70 R.22.5 * Condition: approx. 90% front, 90% rear * 1 x plastic diesel tank * 1 x AdBlue tank * 1 x Meiller hydraulic tank * Fixed underrun protection * Ball-type trailer coupling, support load 150 kg * Hydraulic connections for trailer Cab: * Driver’s cab: S Classic Space Fedpjy Hakpjfx Afksgc * 3 seats * Automatic climate control * Radio * AUX, USB * Manual roof hatch * Cab rear wall with window * 2 x rotating beacons Body: * Meiller three-way tipper, year 2024 * Dimensions L x W x H: 4.20 m x 2.35 m x 0.60 m * Front wall: 800 mm * Certificate: EN12642 Code XL * 3 lashing rings per side Engine / Transmission: * 7,698 cc // 300 HP / 220 kW // EURO 6e * PowerShift 3 / automatic * Engine brake / High Performance Engine Brake * Differential lock * PTO Weights: * Gross weight: 13,500 kg * Unladen weight: 6,785 kg * Payload: 6,715 kg Other: * German vehicle * 1 previous owner * Technical Inspection * 32,100 km * Excellent condition New main inspections / safety checks or payload increases/reductions available on request. We are happy to assist with the procurement of export/transfer license plates, and delivery within Germany is possible. Contact us! ---- We speak the following languages: German, English, and Russian! ---- No liability for printing or typographical errors, changes, prior sale and mistakes reserved! ---- Who are we? Leible Nutzfahrzeuge is a family business based in Kehl am Rhein. Thanks to our many years of experience in the preparation and marketing of commercial vehicles, we are a reliable partner for customers worldwide. Leible Nutzfahrzeuge specializes in the sale of new and used commercial vehicles. On our 11,000 m² premises, you will find a wide range of vehicles. Our company philosophy is characterized by fairness and integrity. Since customer satisfaction is our top priority, we offer our clients a comprehensive full-service package and provide a competent contact person to accompany them throughout the buying or selling process. See for yourself! Our service for you: Vehicle Loading We are happy to help you load your purchased vehicles. Organization of special transports We are happy to assist with organizing special transports. Temporary / Export License Plates We can assist you in obtaining export or temporary license plates. Customs clearance We are happy to assist you with customs formalities.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 3 h, Drivetrain Make of engine: Honda Weights Empty weight: 2.200 kg Functional Mast: articulated arm Lifting capacity: 200 kg Working height: 1.780 cm Dimensions of cargo space: 375 x 78 x 199 cm CE mark: yes Condition Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Other information Max swing of arm in degrees: 360 Fjdpfx Aoy Ulxnofkegc Additional information Please contact Bas Sindorf for more information

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, power: 3 kW (4.08 HP), total width: 1,100 mm, total length: 2,600 mm, total height: 2,200 mm, table width: 800 mm, table length: 1,150 mm, overall weight: 1,800 kg, Radial arm drill MAS - VO 32 MACH-ID 9618 Make: MAS Type: VO 32 Fgjdpfx Afey Rznwjkjc Year: 1999 Arm Length: 1000mm Max. drill Ø cast: 40mm Max. tap Ø: 24M Max. drill Ø steel: 32mm Stroke pinole: 250mm Max. distance spindle - table:860mm Min. distance spindle - table:320mm Speeds / ranges: 4500Rpm Table Length: 1150mm Table Width: 800mm Power: 3kW Length: 2600mm Width: 1100mm Height: 2200mm Weight: 1800kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1997, Indexing table 400 mm hand Fedpfx Afsxclfzekogc Set tooling included Table bore 10 - 130 mm Key width from 2 - 32 mm Feed rate 0,5 - 5 M/Min; Table Ø: 690 x 460mm Table load: 2000 Ram adjustment:0 - 425mm Length: 1300mm Width: 1100mm Height: 1400mm Weight: 1800kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, travel distance X-axis: 560 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 320 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, feed rate X-axis: 2,400 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 2,400 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 2,400 m/min, table width: 450 mm, table length: 950 mm, Fixed table 950 x 450 mm Feeds all direction ISO-40 and 3kW 3 Axis Digital Read Out Systsem CE-Safety  Coolant system with semi closed lower base  X-Axis: 560mm Y-Axis: 320mm Z-Axis: 400mm Table Length: 950mm Table Width: 450mm Table load: 350 Spindle speeds: 2240Rpm Feed rate X-Axis:2400mm/min. Feed rate Y-Axis:2400mm/min. Feed rate Z-Axis:2400mm/min. Stroke pinole: 0 - 95mm Length: 1800mm Width: 1600mm Fodpsxdltbofx Afkegc Height: 1900mm Weight: 1700kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1983, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 32 mm arm length 636 mm workpiece height max. 720 mm spindle turning speed range 38 - 2000 U/min threading 38 - 643 stroke 450 mm spindle stroke - max. 170 mm total power requirement 6 kW weight of the machine ca. 1,9 t Fgedpfxjwvl Iro Afkec dimensions of the machine ca. 2,5 x 1,5 x 2,2 m Left / right rotation.