Used Manitou Mt 730H for sale (2,588)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2024, load capacity: 3,000 kg, lifting height: 4,760 mm, total length: 4,620 mm, · Hersteller Manitou · Modellname MC 30-4 ST5 · Antriebsart Diesel · Bedienertyp Sitzen · Max. Tragkraft 3000 kg · Lastschwerpunkt 500 mm · Lastabstand, Mitte der Antriebsachse bis zur Gabel 626 mm · Standard mast reference of the machine FVD 33 · Vorderachslast (beladen) / Hinterachslast (beladen) 6650 kg / 790 kg · Bereifung Pneumatisch Dcedpfx Adjzr Rwuohen · Reifengröße, vorn 12,5/80-18/12 SL R4 · Reifengröße, hinten 27x10-12 SKS · Anzahl der Vorderräder / Hinterräder 2 / 2 · Anzahl der Antriebsräder 4 · Vorderspur 1159 mm · Abstand zwischen den Hinterrädern 1176 mm · Höhe Schutzdach (Kabine) / Gesamthöhe mit niedrigem Fahrerschutzdach (Buggie-Ausführung) 2155 mm / 1990 mm · Sitzhöhe 1094 mm · Gabelträger DIN 15173 A/B 3A · Gang· breite für Palette 1000 x 1200 quer 5461 mm · Wenderadius 3435 mm · Fahrgeschwindigkeit (beladen / unbeladen) 12 km/h / 24.50 km/h · Hubgeschwindigkeit (beladen / unbeladen) 0.47 m/s / 0.46 m/s · Absenkgeschwindigkeit (beladen / unbeladen) 0.50 m/s / 0.30 m/s · Zugkraft 3100 daN · Steigfähigkeit – beladen 46 % · Festellbremse Hydraulik bremst durch Druckverlust · Nennleistung Verbrennungsmotor 37 kW · Hersteller / Motor Modell / Motornorm Kubota / D1803 CRT E5B / Stage V · Nenndrehzahl 2700 rpm · Anzahl der Zylinder / Tragfähigkeit der Zylinder 3 - 1826 cm³ · Steuerung Elektronisch · Ölmenge für Anbaugerät 42 l/min · Geräuschpegel am Ohr des Fahrers gemäß DIN 12 053 79 dB

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 6,054 h, load capacity: 4,000 kg, lifting height: 3,700 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: telescopic, construction height: 2,900 mm, power: 55 kW (74.78 HP), fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 7,025 kg, total length: 3,658 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 2,060 mm, Rough terrain forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO Class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast type: Telescopic Transmission: Torque converter Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: very good Front tire type: Pneumatic Front tire size: 18x19.5 Rear tire type: Pneumatic Rear tire size: 10x17.5 Description: In addition to this unit, we offer other forklifts and warehouse equipment. Our equipment is workshop-tested and FEM4.004 certified. Please contact us by email or by phone. You can also find us at hsr-gabelstapler. We also purchase your used equipment, even if you do not purchase a vehicle from us. Lease purchase and financing options are available on request at favorable terms. We will be happy to provide you with competent and detailed advice on our vehicles. Side shifter, Djdpfxezrir De Adhocn 3rd valve, rear work light, front work light, heater, dust filter, full cabin, interior mirror, exterior mirror, windshield wiper, single-pedal control, seat.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 5659, load capacity: 4,100 kg, fuel type: diesel, mast type: telescopic, drive type: Diesel, Telescopic forklift, rigid frame Chassis number: 5659 Mast type: Telescopic Condition: New Technical condition: New Dodpfszrqx Ejx Adhocn Front tire type: Pneumatic Front tire condition: New Rear tire type: Pneumatic Rear tire condition: New PFB 45N 1260 – Fork carriage with 1200x50x150 mm forks Equipment variant: ELITE

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, machine/vehicle number: 2460108, power: 1.5 kW (2.04 HP), load capacity: 200 kg, lifting height: 7,850 mm, platform length: 1,110 mm, platform width: 930 mm, overall weight: 2,650 kg, tire size: 0,41 x 0,13 m, color: red, transport length: 2,800 mm, transport width: 990 mm, transport height: 1,990 mm, Equipment: UVV, Technical specifications Year of manufacture: 2016 Motor: Electric (2 x 1.5 kW) Working height: 9.85 m Platform height: 7.85 m Max. lateral outreach: 3.15 m Basket capacity: 200 kg Upper carriage rotation: 350° Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.11 m x 0.93 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 2.80 m x 0.99 m x 1.99 m Boom length: 1.50 m Weight: 2,650 kg Climbing ability: 25% Travel speed: 0.65 km/h - 5 km/h Dsdpfx Adjzmfm Hjhocn Fully operational, general signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: 2460428, power: 1.5 kW (2.04 HP), load capacity: 200 kg, lifting height: 7,850 mm, platform length: 1,110 mm, platform width: 930 mm, overall weight: 2,650 kg, fuel type: electric, tire size: 0,41 x 0,13 m, color: red, Equipment: UVV, Manitou 100 VJR Telescopic Mast Lift Technical Specifications: * Working height: 9.90 m * Platform height: 7.90 m * Load capacity: 200 kg * Overall width: 0.99 m * Overall length: 2.82 m * Overall height: 1.99 m * Weight: 2,650 kg Equipment: * Proportional control joystick * Drive possible at maximum outreach * Audible warning signal and indicator light for tilt and overload * Integrated battery charger * Manual emergency lowering Dsdpfjzmf E Asx Adhecn * Negative brake * Audible warning system in the work basket * Hour meter * Battery charge indicator * Crane lugs * Integrated diagnostics system * Non-marking tires * Work platform with anti-slip perforated floor * CAN-BUS technology * Toolbox in the work basket Optional features available: * New CE inspection (UVV) * Removal of our company decals * Custom paintwork and decals on request * New batteries * Warranty * New service * Delivery within Germany

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 2,459 h, lifting height: 3,700 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, power: 36 kW (48.95 HP), motor manufacturer: Kubota, fork length: 1,400 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, total length: 3,140 mm, total width: 1,330 mm, color: other, Number of cylinders: 3 Engine capacity: 1.826 cc Empty weight: 4.780 kg Engine type: Kubota D1803 CRT E5B Lifting capacity: 3.500 kg CE mark: yes Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Dedpjzttabofx Adhjcn = Additional options and accessories = - 3rd hydr. circuit - 4th Hydr. circuit - Blower - Freelift - Side shift - Work lamp(s) = Remarks = Drivetrain Stage / Tier: Stage V / Tier IV final General Country of production: Frankrijk Hydraulic fork positioner and side shift, new tires, enclosed cab with heating

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 1,389 h, lifting height: 4,500 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: duplex, power: 37 kW (50.31 HP), motor manufacturer: Kubota, total height: 2,960 mm, total length: 3,100 mm, total width: 1,320 mm, color: other, Year of manufacture: 2020 Empty weight: 5.100 kg Engine type: Kubota V2403 Lifting capacity: 3.500 kg CE mark: yes Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good = Additional options and accessories = - 3rd hydr. circuit - 4th Hydr. circuit - Radio - Side shift - Work lamp(s) = Remarks = Drivetrain Internship / Tier: Stage IV / Tier IV final General Country of production: France Condition CE type: CE Integrated fork positioner and side shift, Enclosed cab, Joystick control, CE Dsdpfjyvdtxox Adhocn

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 5,353 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 4,500 mm, free lift: 1,490 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,075 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric four-wheel forklift Dsdpfx Adozzt Alshocn ISO class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Battery voltage: 48V Battery year of manufacture: 2020 Side shifter, 3rd valve, 4th valve

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, fuel type: electric, Mast: articulated arm Lifting capacity: 200 kg Please contact Gebrauchtgeräte Center for more information Dsdpfezflnnjx Adhecn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, fuel type: electric, Mast: articulated arm Lifting capacity: 200 kg Djdpfozfk Dujx Adhjcn Please contact Gebrauchtgeräte Center for more information

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 10,226 h, load capacity: 1,800 kg, lifting height: 3,300 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,140 mm, power: 33 kW (44.87 HP), drive type: Diesel, Diesel forklift Mast type: Duplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tire type: Solid rubber Front tire condition: 80 - 100% Rear tire type: Solid rubber Rear tire condition: 80 - 100% Description: Front forklift - Diesel forklift MANITOU MI18D - - - Series S1E3 - - 1.8 ton lifting capacity - - FORK ADJUSTER + side shifter - - Duplex free-lift mast - - - Overall height 2.14m - - Lifting height 3.30m - - - Year of manufacture 2013 - - - 10226 operating hours according to display - - - 4-cylinder YANMAR diesel engine 45 hp - - Solid rubber tires approx. 90% - - 3rd + 4th control circuit to fork carriage - - - LED lighting system - - - new starter battery - - - mechanical hydraulic levers - - very maneuverable forklift - - good tires - - GOOD condition Dcodpoz Amzqefx Adhon Side shifter, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, roof cover

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 1,880 h, load capacity: 5,000 kg, lifting height: 5,500 mm, free lift: 1,900 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,780 mm, power: 55 kW (74.78 HP), fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 8,695 kg, total length: 4,910 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 1,720 mm, Rough Terrain Forklift Load Center: 600 ISO Class: ISO Class 4 = 5,000 – 10,000 kg Mast Type: Triplex Transmission: Hydrostatic Speed Class: 15 Technical Condition: normal Front Tires Type: Pneumatic Front Tires Condition: 80 – 100% Rear Tires Type: Pneumatic Rear Tires Condition: 80 – 100% Description: The MSI 50 is a uniquely designed semi-industrial mast forklift capable of lifting up to 5 t. It is easy to maneuver on paved or semi-paved surfaces, thanks to its two drive wheels and a choice of tires tailored for various applications. This telehandler is ideally suited for recycling operations or the timber industry. It features a hydrostatic transmission that ensures smooth approach and load handling, significantly increasing work efficiency. The operator's cabin is accessible from both sides and features a suspension system to reduce vibration exposure for the operator. Additional features: Side shifter, 3rd and 4th hydraulic valve, front and rear work lights, heater, full cab, full free lift. Dcsdpfx Aoxcb Sqodhsn

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 6,000 h, load capacity: 3,000 kg, lifting height: 3,950 mm, free lift: 1,250 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,100 mm, power: 47 kW (63.90 HP), fork carriage width: 1,600 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 5,500 kg, total length: 4,080 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 1,323 mm, Rough Terrain Forklift Load Center: 500 ISO Class: ISO Class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast Type: Triplex Transmission: Hydrostatic Speed Class: 20 Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical Condition: Good Front Tires Type: Solid rubber (Superelastic) Front Tires Condition: 60 - 80% Rear Tires Type: Solid rubber (Superelastic) Dcedpfx Ajxtgrwedhen Rear Tires Size: 700x12 14PR Continental Rear Tires Condition: 60 - 80% Description: The MSI 30 is a versatile mast forklift and unique in its class. It can be used in the wood and paper industry, recycling sector, and various logistics applications, among others. Whether inside industrial buildings, on the yard, or on light terrain, the hydrostatic transmission combined with a powerful engine and two large-diameter drive wheels ensures precise and smooth operation. This machine delivers daily productivity gains. For efficient maneuvering, the MSI 30 features a steering axle with an integrated cylinder, providing a very tight turning radius. Thanks to the wide range of available attachments, the MSI 30 is extremely versatile and suitable for lifting, loading, unloading, and storing long loads. It offers a lifting capacity of 3.0 t. Sideshift, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light, heating, full cab, full free lift,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 750 h, load capacity: 400 kg, empty load weight: 13,600 kg, construction height: 2,700 mm, fuel type: diesel, total length: 10,100 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 2,480 mm, working height: 22,000 mm, Articulated telescopic platform Condition: As good as new Technical condition: New Djdpjyg Smhsfx Adhocn Front tires type: Solid rubber Front tires condition: 80-100% Rear tires type: Solid rubber Rear tires condition: 80-100%

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 148 h, load capacity: 400 kg, empty load weight: 7,500 kg, construction height: 2,470 mm, fuel type: diesel, total length: 4,890 mm, drive type: Diesel, arm reach: 9,100 mm, construction width: 2,450 mm, working height: 16,000 mm, Articulating boom lift Technical condition: New Front tire type: Solid rubber Front tire size: 18 Front tire condition: 80 - 100% Rear tire type: Solid rubber Rear tire size: 18 Rear tire condition: 80 - 100% Description: The Manitou 160 ATJ articulated boom lift is ideal for outdoor work on uneven or unpaved surfaces such as construction sites, gravel, or grass. With a lifting capacity of 230 kg, an articulation height of 7.38 m, and a working height of 16 m, it ensures a large working range. Its diesel engine and four-wheel drive, combined with three types of control systems, make the 160 ATJ outstanding for both performance and independence. Large platform basket, width 2,300 mm, with three entrances. Dsdpey Scfasfx Adhecn

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 2,500 h, load capacity: 7,000 kg, lifting height: 24,000 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: telescopic, construction height: 3,050 mm, power: 130 kW (176.75 HP), fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 21,810 kg, total length: 7,820 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 2,490 mm, Rotating Telescopic Handler Load center: 600 Mast type: Telescopic Transmission: Hydrostatic Technical condition: good Front tire type: Pneumatic Front tire size: 445 / 65 R22.5 Front tire condition: 80 - 100% Rear tire type: Pneumatic Rear tire size: 445 / 65 R22.5 Rear tire condition: 80 - 100% Dcedpfxjzfbvuj Adhon Description: The MRT 2470 Privilege Plus is an all-terrain rotating telehandler, ideally suited for applications in construction and industry. This machine is a significant asset for your material handling needs. It combines three machines in one: telehandler, crane, and work platform. Its 360° rotation capability allows you to perform various tasks without having to reposition the machine. The boom features a pentagonal cross-section, providing very high precision during operation and maintaining lateral rigidity regardless of wear. This offers added safety for you and your team. Soon, you won’t want to be without this powerful, precise, and versatile machine. 3rd hydraulic valve, air conditioning, Remote control available on request with bucket or light material bucket (1000 or 1500 liters), large swivel man basket.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 1,100 h, load capacity: 2,500 kg, lifting height: 3,400 mm, free lift: 1,210 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 1,988 mm, power: 37 kW (50.31 HP), fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 4,950 kg, total length: 3,045 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 1,450 mm, All-terrain forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: Very good Front tires Type: Pneumatic Dsdpfxjzhp Ahs Adhecn Front tires Condition: 80 - 100% Rear tires Type: Air Rear tires Condition: 80 - 100% Description: With the MC25, available as a two-wheel or all-wheel drive, you can load loads safely and precisely on any terrain. The 30 cm ground clearance guarantees excellent climbing ability on your fields. Good all-round visibility and the compact and robust design ensure optimum safety at work. Discover the MC25, your new partner for more productivity! This Manitou rough-terrain forklift is also available in two-wheel or four-wheel drive technology in the MC 25-2 or MC25-4 or MC 30-2 or MC 30-4 version. Sideshift, 3rd valve, rear working lights, front working lights, semi-cab, full free lift,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 960 h, load capacity: 2,500 kg, lifting height: 4,000 mm, free lift: 1,321 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,045 mm, power: 44 kW (59.82 HP), fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 4,475 kg, total length: 2,260 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 1,540 mm, Rough terrain forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Dcodpfxszh Rmbe Adhon Transmission: Hydrostatic Speed class: 20 Condition: Like new Technical condition: very good Front tire type: Pneumatic Front tire size: 15.5/55 R 18 Front tire condition: 80 - 100% Rear tire type: Pneumatic Rear tire condition: 60 - 80% Side shifter, 3rd valve, 4th valve, half cabin

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 16 h, load capacity: 3,000 kg, lifting height: 4,700 mm, free lift: 1,460 mm, fuel type: gas, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,215 mm, power: 43 kW (58.46 HP), fork length: 1,150 mm, empty load weight: 4,490 kg, total length: 2,715 mm, drive type: Treibgas, construction width: 1,225 mm, LPG forklift Dcodpozmklhsfx Adhjn Load center of gravity: 500 ISO class: ISO class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast type: Triplex Transmission: torque converter Speed class: 20 Condition: New machine Technical condition: New Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires Size: SE 28-9-15 Front tires Condition: 80 - 100% Rear tires Type: Superelastic Rear tires Size: SE 6.50 10 Rear tires Condition: 80 - 100% Description: Simplicity, comfort, reliability and productivity. The MI 30 is a front and mast forklift truck with an internal combustion engine that has a lifting capacity of 3 tons and is aimed at professional users in the logistics and distribution sectors, among others. Extremely robust thanks to a rigorous choice of components and a simplified design, the machine is easy to maintain and will become a permanent part of your fleet. To ensure operator comfort and safety, access to the operator's platform has been simplified: grab handle, non-slip footboard, access from both sides... The view to the outside is optimal thanks to the rear profile supports, a large distance between the mast supports and the open roof. Sideshift, 3rd valve, rear work lights, front work lights, roof cover,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 645 h, load capacity: 6,000 kg, lifting height: 21,800 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 3,010 mm, fork carriage width: 1,030 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 18,000 kg, total length: 8,080 mm, drive type: Diesel, construction width: 2,500 mm, Rotating telescopic forklift Load center: 500 Fork width: 100 mm Fork thickness: 60 mm ISO class: ISO Class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast type: Triplex Speed class: 20 Condition: As new Technical condition: Good Front tire type: Air Front tire size: 445/65 R22-5 Front tire condition: 60 - 80% Rear tire type: Air Rear tire size: 445/65 R22.5 Rear tire condition: 60 - 80% Battery voltage: 12V Battery type: Starter Dcedpszy Tl Rjfx Adhjn Battery year of manufacture: 2023 Battery condition: 60 - 80% 3rd valve, 4th valve, heater, dust filter, full cabin, full free lift, CE certificate, scale, interior mirror, exterior mirror, windshield wiper, seat, quick-change coupling for 3rd hydraulic function, quick-change coupling for 4th hydraulic function, Easy Link module, TÜV preparation: 20 km/h, attachment recognition system.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 2,940 h, load capacity: 240 kg, mast type: telescopic, fuel type: diesel, Year of manufacture: 2019 Empty weight: 16.500 kg GVW: 16.740 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 1135 x 243 x 272 cm Working height: 2.775 cm Djdpfx Adjxb Ay Tshecn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 2,960 h, Year of manufacture: 2017 Mast: articulated arm Dcodpfx Aoy Nwzkodhsn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 1,270 h, load capacity: 200 kg, fuel type: electric, Year of manufacture: 2007 Empty weight: 6.700 kg GVW: 6.900 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 605 x 150 x 197 cm Mast: articulated arm Working height: 1.500 cm Dsdpfx Aoy Nwzwodhecn

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, power: 100 kW (135.96 HP), conveyor belt length: 4,000 mm, product height (max.): 100 mm, machine/vehicle number: 5-199, TECHNICAL DETAILS Freezing capacity: 100 kW / 29.41 tons Net belt width: 1,250 mm Freezing belt length: 4,000 mm Maximum product height: 100 mm Adjustable dwell time: 0.5–20 min Dcsdpfxoz I Tico Adhjn Number of high-speed fans: 6 MACHINE DETAILS Voltage: 380–500 V Frequency: 50–60 Hz Power consumption: 5 kW EQUIPMENT Stainless steel construction Stainless steel net belt 6 adjustable internal high-speed fans Stainless steel control cabinet Siemens PLC Siemens Simatic touchscreen HMI

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, load capacity: 25,000 kg, lifting height: 10,600 mm, · Schüttwinkel 106 ° · Kippwinkel 10 ° · Wenderadius (über Räder) 5.50 m · Motornorm Stage V / Tier 4 · Anzahl der Zylinder / Tragfähigkeit der Zylinder: 4 - 4567 cm³ · Nennleistung Verbrennungsmotor / Leistung (kW) 157.34 kW / 155 kW · Max. Drehmoment / Motordrehzahl: 805 Nm@1500 rpm · Kühlsystem des Motors: Wassergekühlt · Anzahl Batterien 2 · Batterie / Batteriekapazität: 12 V / 120 Ah · Zugkraft: 20400 daN · Getriebetyp: Hydrostatisch · Anzahl der Gänge (vorwärts / rückwärts): 2 / 2 · Max. travel speed: 25 km/h · Parkbremse: Automatische negative Parkbremse · Festellbremse: Ölbad Lamellenbremsen an den Vorder- und Hinterachsen · Steigfähigkeit - beladen / unbeladen: 31.50 % / 57.70 % · Pumpenart: Verstellpumpe Dcedpfx Adjycxn Dohsn · Hydraulikfördermenge - Hydraulikdruck: 275 l/min - 350 bar · Motoröl 13 l · Hydrauliköl 290 l · Fassungsvermögen des Kraftstofftanks 315 l · Abgasnachbehandlung für Diesel (AdBlue®) 24 l · Geräuschpegel im Fahrerstand (LpA) 75 dB · Umgebungsgeräusch (LwA) 109 dB · Schwingungsbelastung Hand/Arm: < 2.50 m/s² · Sicherheit Zulassung der Kabine: Kabine ROPS - FOPS Stufe 2 · Steuerungen: JSM · Anbaugeräte Erkennungssystem (E-Reco): Standard