Used Ös / Bookbinding Machine for sale (67,632)

Condition: reconditioned (used), MOSCA KPM 131 Pallet Strapping Machine with Swivel Turntable / Roller Conveyor Description For sale is a used MOSCA KPM 131 pallet strapping machine with an integrated swivel turntable roller conveyor and pallet centering system. The system is designed for the automatic strapping of palletized products and features an integrated swivel turntable roller conveyor with a diameter of approximately 1,800 mm. The swivel turntable allows the pallet to be rotated within the system and positioned according to the desired strapping direction. The machine is suitable for Euro and industrial pallets with pallet runners in the direction of travel. A strapping head is adjustable, allowing for different strapping positions. Machine Data • Manufacturer: MOSCA • Type: KPM 131 • Year of Manufacture: 1996 Nlodjypwm Eopfx Akioh • Control System: Siemens S5 • Throughput Width: max. 1,200 mm • Throughput Height: max. 1,600 mm • Integrated Swivel Turntable Roller Conveyor: Ø approx. 1,800 mm • Pallet Centering System • Adjustable Strapping Head Strapping Technology • Band Tension: continuously adjustable: 200–2,000 N • Band Speed: 4.6 m/s • Sealing Method: Friction Weld Seal • Band Guide Positions: 440 mm / 625 mm Press • Pressing Force: up to max. 50,000 N • Pressing Force adjustable via potentiometer • Drive via pole-changing geared brake motor • Rapid Traverse Speed: 150 mm/s • Pressing Speed: 37 mm/s Control Panel • Width: approx. 1,200 mm • Depth: approx. 650 mm • Height: approx. 850 mm Condition / Inspection / Integration Before delivery, the machine will be assembled in our workshop in Velbert and completely inspected mechanically and electrically. The strapping head and all relevant machine functions will be tested. Necessary wear parts will be replaced after technical inspection and in accordance with the agreed scope of services. After completion of the work, a functional test of the complete system will be carried out. Upon request, we will also take over the assembly, commissioning and integration of the MOSCA KPM 131 into the customer's existing production or conveyor line. This can include, among other things, the implementation of the necessary electrical interfaces, signal exchange and adaptation to the existing conveyor technology after prior technical coordination. A functional test or pre-acceptance at our plant in 42551 Velbert is possible by appointment. Transport, assembly, commissioning and integration can be offered separately. Subject to prior sale and errors.

Condition: new, STRUERS Metallographic Cutting Machine Struers Magnutom-5000 XYZR NEW / unused – Year of manufacture 2025 Automatic X-table with rotation and accessories New, unused metallographic cutting machine for the automatic cutting of large material samples. Not assembled or put into operation; stored in shipping condition. Technical data: Manufacturer: Struers Type: Magnutom-5000 XYZR Article number: Year of manufacture: 2025 Design: 4 axes with X-table and rotation Electrical data: Mains connection: 3 × 380–480 V / 50–60 Hz Motor power S1: 11 kW Motor power S3: 16 kW Rated current: 34 A Maximum current: 48 A Maximum load current: 31 A Cutting wheel – manufacturer’s specifications: Maximum diameter: 508 mm (20 inches) Cutting wheel thickness: 3.5 mm Inner hole diameter: 32 mm Speed range: 1,000–2,400 rpm Cutting capacity according to the manufacturer: Maximum diameter: 190 mm Other cutting ranges: 190 × 254 mm 184 × 400 mm 114 × 618 mm Depending on the workpiece and cutting process Cutting table and axes: Automatic X-table: 524 × 781 mm (W × D, max.) X-axis travel: 370 mm Rotary table: Ø 533 mm T-slots: 12 mm Cutting wheel positioning range Y: 395 mm Cutting wheel positioning range Z: 214 mm Dimensions and weight: Width: 1,758 mm Depth: 1,463 mm Height: 1,882 mm Weight according to nameplate: 2,510 kg Dimensions according to manufacturer’s brochure Cutting chamber – manufacturer’s specifications: Width: 1,000 mm Depth: 1,206 mm Height: 918 mm Equipment and functions: Automatic X-table with rotation Variable cutting wheel speed Direct drive AxioCut and OptiFeed AxioWash – automatic cleaning program Laser for cut positioning Cutting wheel monitoring Programmable cutting sequences and simulation Automatic XYZR movements Areas of application: Metallography, materials testing, sample preparation, Quality assurance, research and industry Scope of delivery according to parts list and original photos: 1 × Struers Magnutom-5000 XYZR – Art.-No. × Coolimat-2000 band filter – Art.-No. × Water level indicator – Art.-No. × COLMF magnetic filter – Art.-No. × Signal lamp – Art.-No. × Collection tray 4,080 × 2,000 × 50 × 3 mm – DE-730200 1 × Service kit Magnutom-5000 – Art.-No. 16582999 Additional accessories according to documented delivery condition. Notes on cooling and commissioning: Coolimat-2000 band filter included according to the parts list. Circulating cooling unit and clamping tools for 12 mm T-slots must be ordered separately according to the sales documentation. Check the scope of the cooling system before commissioning. Condition: NEW / unused, year of manufacture 2025 Not assembled or put into operation Main unit securely packaged for transport Accessories partially in original packaging Original purchase price (net): €140,744.00 Assembly and commissioning are not part of the offer and must be arranged by the buyer. Weight: 3100 kg Shipping by freight forwarder possible upon agreement. Subject to change, errors and prior sale. We will gladly answer any further questions by telephone. Nedpfxez Tfl Ie Akielh

Condition: good (used), Gear hobbing machine, milling machine, tool milling machine, vertical milling machine, roller milling machine, gear hobbing machine, gear hobbing machine, high-performance hobbing machine -Manufacturer: Liebherr, high-performance gear hobbing machine type SS 5-K/500 -Working area: Ø max. 500 mm -Max. cutter diameter: 186 mm Accessories: Includes extensive accessories (see photos) -Not included: Template for helical gearing -Machine dimensions: 2300/1460/H1870 mm Nljdjv Dtmmjpfx Akish -Accessory dimensions: Pallets 1420/1300/H300 / 1200/800/300 mm -Weight: 5300 kg plus 535 kg accessories

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2024, The complete system was acquired in 2024 and used only during a short-term clinical study. Certain individual components may bear manufacture dates from 2023, which is normal for a multi-component system. Manufacturer: Optos Model: California / P200DTx Configuration: FA – Fluorescein Angiography Condition: Pre-owned, very limited use After the study was completed, the system was professionally disassembled and prepared for transport. It is currently securely packed and palletized in its original transport packaging. The Optos California is a high-end, ultra-widefield retinal imaging system, capable of capturing up to 200° of the retina in a single image, with an exposure time of less than 0.4 seconds. Configuration: Optos California P200DTx imaging system Touchscreen tablet with stand Image server with monitor Dedicated Optos device table Color RG imaging Red-free imaging Choroidal imaging Green autofluorescence Fluorescein angiography (FA) Technical highlights: optomap plus resolution: 14 μm optomap resolution: 20 μm Nledpfx Akjz Dq Stoijh DICOM compatible 100–240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Inspection available by appointment. Worldwide insured shipping can be arranged. Software license, activation, and login credentials are not included; these must be arranged directly with Optos by the purchaser.

Condition: good (used), machine vice, stable vice, drill press vice, drilling vice -Manufacturer: Nanjing, machine vice type Q94160 Nledpfx Aksu Npfmoijh -Clamping jaws: 160 x 40 mm -Clamping depth: 205 mm -Dimensions: 405/160/H115 mm -Weight: 28.5 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, grinding length: 400 mm, grinding width: 200 mm, Grinding area: 400 x 200 mm Magnetic area: 400 x 175 mm Vertical adjustment: 410 mm Grinding wheel dimensions: 225 x 25 x 50.8 mm Grinding wheel speed: 1420 / 2840 rpm Complete with: - Coolant system - Hydraulic unit - Documentation Country of origin: Germany Motor power: 1.5 kW Nlsdpfxsv Tcy Uo Akioh Machine dimensions (L x W x H): 2200 x 1500 x 2100 mm Machine weight: 1100 kg

Condition: used, Schunk Type: SAR-1300 B Material Separator Technical Data: External Dimensions: Width: 1325 mm Width of operator console: 565 mm Depth: 1300 mm Shuttle overhang: 730 mm Height: 1870 mm Light column overhang (top): 350 mm Operator height: 900 mm Speed: X, Y: Linear motor axes 2000 mm/s Z: Linear motor axes 1000 mm/s Weight: approx. 1500 kg Accuracy: Repeatability: 0.02 mm Positional accuracy: 0.02 mm Separation accuracy: 0.10 mm with vision system 0.15 mm without vision system Working Area: Max. separation area X, Y: 430 mm x 350 mm Max. material size X, Y: 430 mm x 350 mm Material thickness: 0.5 - 3.2 mm Power Supply: 400 V / 50 Hz / 16 A Condition: used Nsdpfezd Sq Tsx Akijlh Scope of supply: (See image) (Subject to changes and errors in the technical data and specifications!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, 10 cup wheels vertical glass grinding machine min. glass size : 40 x 40 mm glass thikness : 2 - 30 mm speed : 0,35 - 5,4 m/min. machine dimensions : 7900 x 1200 x 2900 mm worki,g height from conveyor : 850 mm power : 30,5 Kw Nedjzz Hirspfx Akislh weight : 4100 kg

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, In this listing, you are purchasing a ‘Keyence XM-1200’ coordinate measuring machine Item for sale: 1x Keyence XM-1200 with the following accessories including the accessories shown in the photos Condition: This listing is for a second-hand device, which may show signs of wear (minor scratches or discolouration). Packaging and dispatch: You are welcome to view the device during our business hours. Please arrange an appointment to do so! Sea-worthy packaging and worldwide dispatch available on request! A functional test will be recorded on video for you prior to dispatch or collection. Njdpfjyrcx Sjx Akiolh For further information, you are of course welcome to contact us directly.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1998, operating hours: 1,000 h, machine/vehicle number: 8044, overall weight: 2,070 kg, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, Shearing machine Shearing capacity for flat steel: 450x15 mm; 300x20 mm Shearing capacity for angle iron: 130x130x13 mm (90 degrees); 70x70x7 mm (45 degrees) Shearing capacity for round and square bar: 45 mm Punching machine: 800 kN Maximum capacity: ø40x14 mm Power: 9 kW Nodpfs Afnqpsx Akijlh

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 81,000 h, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2007 Clamping side Clamping force: 1300 t Opening stroke/installation height max.: 2300 mm Distance between clamping plates max.: 4000 mm Tool installation height min./max.: 1000 - 1700 mm Clamping plate max. height: 1910 mm Tool size min.: 1000 - 1700 mm Distance between tie bars: 1500 mm Nozzle radius: R40 mm Tool weight: 29000 kg Ejector stroke: 350 mm Injection side Screw diameter: 135 mm Injection volume: 8588 cm³ Injection pressure: 1390 bar Injection weight: 7729 g/shot Nedpfx Ae Afpalokijlh Core pulls AWS/DS: 1/1 Needle gate pneumatic: 1 The machine is supplied with a Kuka robot and can be inspected during production.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Working hours: - Power on: 44113 - Spindle hours: 13284 Equipped with: * CNC control SIEMENS 810 D powerline * 20-station ATC * Coolant equipment * Chip conveyor x-travel 1035 mm y-travel 560 mm z-travel 510 mm table surface area 1200 x 560 mm Nsdpfx Akjzquqijijlh table load 1000 kg tool taper SK 40 spindle turning speed - stepless 20 - 8000 rpm feeds longditudinal/cross/vertical - 20000 mm/min rapid traverse 25 m/min spindle drive motor 13 kW dimensions of machine 2,6 x 2,6 x 2,7 m weight of the machine approx. 4,1 t

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, With this offer, you are purchasing a second-hand “Canon imagePRESS C270” colour production system Item for sale: 1 x Canon imagePRESS C270 with the following specifications: including Booklet Finisher-AC1 Not the right configuration? We can easily configure the machine to your requirements. Please feel free to contact us! Meter readings: Total: Approx. 185,297 pages Colour: Approx. 154,022 pages Black: Approx. 31,275 pages Condition: This listing is for a second-hand machine, which may show signs of wear (minor scratches or yellowing). The device has been tested to ensure it is in working order Nlodpo Afuqiefx Akieh A test printout can be seen in the photo Packaging and dispatch: You are welcome to view the device during our opening hours. Please arrange an appointment to do so! Sturdy packaging and worldwide dispatch available on request! A functional test will be recorded on video for you before dispatch or collection. For further information, you are of course welcome to contact us directly.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 1,800 kg, table width: 800 mm, table length: 920 mm, overall weight: 14,500 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 33, Control system: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 with smarT.NC Tool interface: HSK-A63 Machining: 3-axis simultaneous Special equipment: - 3D touch probe system - Tool measurement - Electronic handwheel - Roller-type roof guard Nedpfxo Aba Thj Akislh FREE DELIVERY!

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 64,000 h, machine/vehicle number: S1631C0027, laser hours: 40,000 h, laser power: 3,000 W, Equipment: cooling unit, documentation/manual, safety light barrier, For sale – TRUMPF TruLaser Cell 8030 L60 (2015) | 3D laser cutting system Professionally dismantled and stored – ready for immediate pick-up. The machine ran in series production until shutdown, was serviced annually and exclusively by TRUMPF, and has now been professionally dismantled by us and stored at our site in Gouzeaucourt (northern France). Ideal for automotive, aerospace and general metalworking requiring precise 3D contour cutting of tubes, hydroformed parts and complex profiles. Machine data - Model: TRUMPF TruLaser Cell 8030 L60, year 2015 - Laser power: 3,000 W (TRUMPF) - Serial number: S1631C0027 - Maintenance: annual service exclusively by TRUMPF – full documentation available - Status: dismantled, stored, ready for pick-up Key benefits - 5-axis CNC kinematics for demanding 3D geometries - Enclosed, automation-ready working area Nedpe Ad Hcnefx Akiolh - Proven in one-off and medium series production - Complete TRUMPF service history – no third-party interventions Our added value: modular handover We are not a dealer but an active contract manufacturer (SOERMEL Groupe, France – IATF 16949 / EN 9100 / ISO 9001). Choose the package that fits: M1 – Ex works: pick-up at our site in Gouzeaucourt, loading onto your truck. M2 – Delivered: M1 + international transport, insurance, unloading at your site (DAP/DDP on request). M3 – Delivered & installed: M2 + mechanical installation, utility connection, first start-up, laser alignment. M4 – Turnkey: M3 + commissioning, process validation with your parts, operator and maintenance training, acceptance protocol. Inspection of the stored machine in Gouzeaucourt by appointment. Price on request.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, REF: MM5771 Nlsdpoulpu Ssfx Akijh 2019 automatic inline monoblock filling and capping machine for 5 litre bottles, with 8 filling heads. Supplied with infeed and outfeed conveyors. Listed as Canellitech Srl 8-1. The manual identifies the manufacturer as Rizzolio Equipments S.r.l., model RLV 8-1. Technical specification: ✅ Manufacturer - Rizzolio Equipments S.r.l. (listed as Canellitech Srl) ✅ Model - RLV 8-1 (8 filling heads) ✅ Year of manufacture - 2019 ✅ Set up for - 5 litre rectangular PET bottles with push caps ✅ Capping - push capping head ✅ Speed - up to 500 bottles per hour nominal. The manual states actual output depends on the operator. ✅ Electrical - 380V / 50Hz / 3 phase + neutral, 24V controls, electro-pneumatic ✅ Power - 1.0 kW max absorption, 2 kW installed ✅ Weight - 400 kg ✅ Dimensions - 2.7m L x 1.1m W x 2.45m H Condition: , lightly used. Documents: EU Declaration of Conformity (Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC) included in the manual.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 7,996 h, power: 10.3 kW (14.00 HP), controller manufacturer: HOLZ-HER, actuation type: electric, Equipment: documentation/manual, For sale, directly from our kitchen and interior production facility. Compact vertical CNC woodworking center for drilling, milling, and grooving sheet material. The machine is offered including the tools, manuals, and electrical diagrams listed below. MACHINE DETAILS • Brand: HOLZ-HER Maschinenbau GmbH, Austria • Model: Evolution 7405 4mat - BAZ19V5 • Year of construction: 2019, invoice and commissioning in 2020 • Control/software: CAMPUS 7.5.3.10 • Vacuum pump: Becker VT 4.8 • First owner • Automatic central lubrication • 2D barcode scanner USAGE DETAILS Meter readings as of October 1, 2026: • Machine operating hours: 7,996 hours • Active feed ("Vorschub aktiv"): 598 hours • Workpiece counter: 22,887 • Tool changes: 21,584 • Last maintenance on July 2026, complete history available INCLUDED TOOLS • 1 left-hand cutting milling cutter Ø20 mm, length 28 mm • 1 right-hand cutting milling cutter Ø20 mm, length 28 mm • 1 right-hand cutting milling cutter Ø8 mm, length 22 mm • 1 right-hand cutting milling cutter Ø10 mm, length 22 mm • 1 drill Ø35 mm, length 15 mm • 5 drills Ø5 mm, length 25 mm • 1 drill Ø8 mm, length 35 mm • 1 drill Ø10 mm, length 35 mm Njdpfx Akj Ab Uzaeiolh • 1 drill Ø10 mm, length 90 mm • 5 drills Ø8 mm, length 15 mm • 1 saw blade Ø120 mm, thickness 4.5 mm DOCUMENTATION • Manuals available • Electrical diagrams available • Machine software installed on the CNC SALE AND PICK-UP The machine is still operational (located in the Anzegem area) and can be demonstrated by appointment. Availability and pick-up by arrangement. Dismantling, loading, and transport are not included. Demo video available upon request. Interested? Contact us for additional information or to schedule a viewing.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Manufacturer: Stephan Model: UM44 Year: 2007 Condition: Used Serial number: 732266 Stock number: 3379 Bowl: 44 liters Capacity: max. 30 liters Knives: 3 speeds, max. 3000 RPM Power: 3 x 400V, 50Hz, 5.5kW Dimensions: 550 x 800 x 1200 mm Nlsdpfx Aks Adqrmsish Weight: 150 kg With the option to add a vacuum pump.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2022, machine/vehicle number: B59188, total width: 62 mm, total height: 135 mm, total length: 83 mm, overall weight: 158 kg, input voltage: 230 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, The Mercury TP-702RS is based on the Mercury TP-702 and equipped with specially designed components. The machine is suitable for strapping small or round products, such as plastic pipes, steel bars, and hardwood elements. The TP-702RS can strap packages from 40 mm width × 10 mm height, or round bundles from Ø 32 mm when bundling 2 pieces. Nsdpfxj Adq Eae Akiolh Thanks to its reliable operation and high strapping speed, this machine is ideal for applications involving small or round products.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, REF: MM6419 Carnitech CT 2612 single-lane pin-bone removing and packing line for salmon and trout fillets. The pin-boner dates from 2000 and the packing line from 2023/24. Technical specification: ✅ Manufacturer - Carnitech A/S ✅ Model - CT 2612 ✅ Lanes - 1 ✅ Pin-boner year of manufacture - 2000 ✅ Packing line year of manufacture - 2023/24 ✅ Capacity - up to 36 fillets per minute ✅ Fillet size - 0.5 kg to 4 kg Nodpfx Asy Swi Hjkislh ✅ Fillets are conveyed head end first, skin side down, on a PVC belt Condition: According to the seller, the line is in full working order, and the pin-boner has been refurbished, including new electrics. Video available.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 3,560 h, overall weight: 1,850 kg, Phantomatic T 3 Star >The machine is currently undergoing refurbishment; further photos will follow.< The machine has the following options: > Software CamPlus / Job > Remote control MG Pilot > 8-tool automatic tool changer > Automatic clamp positioning Nsdo Afbrtjpfx Akielh > Enclosed housing > 2 barriers (for multi-piece machining and overlength machining) > 4-sided machining

Condition: used, total height: 2,400 mm, total length: 5,300 mm, total width: 2,350 mm, Year of manufacture: 2022 Colour: Grey Empty weight: 4.000 kg What are Presale Items at Second Owner? Presale items are machines that we sell in their current condition ("as-is"). We have purchased these machines based solely on photos and sell them with the information provided in the advertisement. Unfortunately, we do not have additional details, such as exact dimensions or machine specifications. Additionally, these machines are often not yet in stock and have not been inspected by us. These machines are offered at competitive prices, which means the prices are lower than usual, but the risk lies entirely with the buyer. Please carefully review the information in the advertisement before making a purchase. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us! - Year: 2022 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - Serial number: 30B.11.040.22 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 4 - - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 24000 - - Main motor power [kW]: 11 - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool holder: HSK-F63 - Material clamp system: Pneumatic - Drilling unit present: Yes - └ Horizontal drill spindles [pcs.]: 4 - └ Vertical drilling spindles [pcs.]: 12 - Saw unit present: Yes Nljdpozwul Hefx Akijh - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 12 - System/software: WoodFlash - Safety feature: Safety light curtain - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - └ Type: PICCHIO 2200 - └ Year of manufacture: 2022 - Tools included: Yes - CNC options: Manual control - CNC documentation available: User keys/licenses, USB stick - Table length [mm]: 3300 - Table width [mm]: 1280 - Working range X [mm]: 3300 - Working range Y [mm]: 1280 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 250 - X-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 4000 - Y-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 1670 - Z-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 500 - Voltage [V]: 400 - Current consumption [A]: 40 - Power [kW]: 18.0 - Installed length [mm]: 6250 - Installed width [mm]: 3494 - Installed height [mm]: 2300 - Transport dimensions: 5300mm x 2350mm x 2400mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 4000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 2 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Yorick Diebels

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1994, overall weight: 7,000 kg, arm length 2150 mm, drilling capacity 80 mm Nedpsyzq Dpofx Akiolh weight 7000 kg

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1994, travel distance X-axis: 630 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 426 mm, overall weight: 6,500 kg, number of slots in tool magazine: 20, FZ18W magnum rotary indexing table, Fanuc OM control BT40 spindle, maximum spindle speed 8,000 RPM 20-tool changer 2 tables Nikken dividing head Nljdpfxezbal Ie Akijh

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 93,782 h, laser type: CO₂ laser, laser hours: 8,500 h, laser power: 2,700 W, Equipment: CE marking, cooling unit, dust extraction, fume extraction, safety light barrier, TruMatic 6000 K01 (1600) Large-format, 2700 Watt NC: 94,000 hours Laser on: 37,300 hours Beam on: 8,300 hours Sheetmaster Gripmaster+ shear Loading and unloading trolley Fire extinguishing system Parts conveyor Nledpfx Ake Afxugoieh Options: Multishear Thread forming Marking/Signing