Used Renault Tipper Van for sale (13,990)

Condition: used, mileage: 108,405 km, power: 70 kW (95.17 HP), first registration: 06/2010, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 2,316 kg, maximum load weight: 1,184 kg, overall weight: 3,500 kg, tire size: 235/65R16C, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 3,665 mm, color: red, driver cabin: other, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, suspension: steel, number of seats: 6, loading space length: 2,400 mm, loading space width: 1,800 mm, loading space height: 450 mm, Equipment: ABS, additional headlights, air conditioning, cabin, electronic stability program (ESP), low noise, parking heater, power assisted steering, trailer coupling, Vehicle location: Bovenden, steel body, Doka, 1x comfort seat, rear window, electric mirror, heated mirror, electric window left, electric window right, air conditioning, auxiliary heating, switch 6, ABS (anti-lock braking system), rotating beacon, storage box, leaf suspension, trailer coupling ball head, noise protection G1, U-protection, green environmental badge Wheelbase: 3665 mm Body: Rear tipper body approx. 2m³ ESP, rear axle stabilizer bar, reinforced front axle stabilizer bar, reinforced shock absorbers, lockable glove compartment, auxiliary hot water heater, exterior temperature display, adaptive brake light, driver airbag, smoker package. ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Crjdevhnkzjpfx Adheh - .

Condition: used, mileage: 186,000 km, power: 132 kW (179.47 HP), first registration: 03/2009, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 12/2026, color: red, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, number of seats: 3, loading space volume: 4 m³, loading space length: 3,791 mm, loading space width: 2,350 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Year of construction: 2009, Equipment: ABS, central locking, * TGL 8.180 K Tipper, 3.80 m MEILLER 3-way tipper with ZAA tow hitch * Pre-installation for ball hitch, 3,500 kg * Vehicle number for customer inquiries: 4790 * Differential lock, rear axle * Trailer hitch, fixed ball * Trailer hitch G 145, for ZAA * Electric windows, driver and passenger door * Cruise control * Trailer socket 24 V, 15-pin * Central locking * ABS * Trailer socket 12 V, 13-pin * Engine brake, air-pressure operated * Main tank 100 liters * Environmental badge (green) * Three-seater Cjdpfx Adozvr I Aohorh * Well-maintained, service record available * 2/3-door No liability for printing and typographical errors Sale only to commercial customers Errors and prior sale are subject to change* Changes, prior sale and errors are expressly reserved. The description serves to identify the vehicle and does not constitute a guarantee in the legal sense. The description according to the purchase contract is decisive. * TOP SERVICE + QUALITY * We would be happy to provide you with a LEASING/FINANCING/RENT-TO-OWN offer * Warranty insurance possible upon request with the insurance company * TÜV / UVV LBW / Tachograph inspection and installation of OBU device by our local partners * Customs license plates for 30 days * All customs documents for export are possible, but must be requested individually * TOLL for Toll-Collect can be booked in-house * Free transfer from Stuttgart Airport or Metzingen (Württemberg) train station * TRAIN STATION: 72555 METZINGEN/WÜRTT. * FOR ENGLISH * Andreas Pittas * Thomas Pittas * * Alexander Pittas * Robin Pittas * WhatsApp number * * ---- Visit us on our website at * constantly over 200 vehicles in stock

Condition: used, mileage: 186,000 km, power: 132 kW (179.47 HP), first registration: 03/2009, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 12/2026, color: red, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, number of seats: 3, loading space volume: 4 m³, loading space length: 3,791 mm, loading space width: 2,350 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Year of construction: 2009, Equipment: ABS, central locking, * TGL 8.180 K Tipper, 3.80 m MEILLER 3-way tipper with ZAA tow hitch * Pre-installation for ball hitch, 3,500 kg * Vehicle number for customer inquiries: 4790 * Differential lock, rear axle * Trailer hitch, fixed ball * Trailer hitch G 145, for ZAA * Electric windows, driver and passenger door * Cruise control * Trailer socket 24 V, 15-pin Cjdpfx Adozvr I Njhjrh * Central locking * ABS * Trailer socket 12 V, 13-pin * Engine brake, air-pressure operated * Main tank 100 liters * Environmental badge (green) * Three-seater * Well-maintained, service record available * 2/3-door No liability for printing and typographical errors Sale only to commercial customers Errors and prior sale are subject to change* Changes, prior sale and errors are expressly reserved. The description serves to identify the vehicle and does not constitute a guarantee in the legal sense. The description according to the purchase contract is decisive. * TOP SERVICE + QUALITY * We would be happy to provide you with a LEASING/FINANCING/RENT-TO-OWN offer * Warranty insurance possible upon request with the insurance company * TÜV / UVV LBW / Tachograph inspection and installation of OBU device by our local partners * Customs license plates for 30 days * All customs documents for export are possible, but must be requested individually * TOLL for Toll-Collect can be booked in-house * Free transfer from Stuttgart Airport or Metzingen (Württemberg) train station * TRAIN STATION: 72555 METZINGEN/WÜRTT. * FOR ENGLISH * Andreas Pittas * Thomas Pittas * * Alexander Pittas * Robin Pittas * WhatsApp number * * ---- Visit us on our website at * constantly over 200 vehicles in stock

Condition: used, mileage: 321,000 km, power: 132 kW (179.47 HP), first registration: 10/2018, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 2,900 kg, overall weight: 3,500 kg, axle configuration: 4x2, fuel: diesel, color: silver, driver cabin: other, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, suspension: other, number of seats: 7, total length: 6,000 mm, construction height: 2,420 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, airbag, central locking, cruise control, electronic stability program (ESP), immobilizer system, onboard computer, soot filter, traction control, trailer coupling, AUTOPARADIES in Berlin, Frank-Zappa-Str. 9A Mon-Fri 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM Sat 10:00 AM - 1:00 PM Tel: Mobile/WhatsApp: VEHICLE FINANCING & TRADE-INS POSSIBLE IVECO 35C18 DOKA, Three-sided tipper GVWR 3500 kg * 2nd HAND * Air conditioning * Tow hitch 3500 kg * Cruise control Crodjz Ichnspfx Adheh * ABS, ASR, airbags * 7-seater, truck registration * Electric mirrors * Overall length 6000 mm, width 2100 mm, height 2420 mm Please call to arrange a test drive appointment. Subject to prior sale and errors. Call us! We speak English. Financing, Trade-ins, You can find more offers on our website. The information provided in advertisements, on the internet, price tags, and in pictures are non-binding descriptions and do not constitute guaranteed features. The seller also assumes no liability for errors resulting from typing, spelling, or data transmission errors. The listed equipment may need to be checked separately. Please understand that, although the technical and visual condition of this vehicle is good, due to its age and mileage, we prefer to sell it to commercial businesses or for export, excluding any warranty. Thank you very much! The vehicle description serves only for the general identification of the vehicle and does not constitute a warranty in the legal sense of purchase. The information does not claim to be complete and is not considered a guaranteed characteristic within the meaning of § 434 BGB para. 1 sentence 3. Errors and prior sale remain reserved.

Condition: used, mileage: 184,483 km, power: 115 kW (156.36 HP), first registration: 01/2012, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, next inspection (TÜV): 02/2025, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, total width: 2,320 mm, total height: 2,415 mm, loading space length: 3,000 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, loading space height: 350 mm, Equipment: ABS, soot filter, Mercedes-Benz 816D crew cab MEILLER 3Skipper Crodjugp Nkepfx Adhsh Suspension: leaf / leaf Special equipment: Airbag driver's side, Trailer brake 2 - line, Trailer coupling: Rockinger, Trailer socket 13-pin, Trailer socket ABS, Exterior mirrors electr. adjustable, right, Differential lock rear axle, Hinged door right with window (entrance), Hydraulic pump (Meiller pump - 5 pistons - 254 / 1), Engine brake air-operated, Power take-off MB 56-2C, Radio preparation, Reinforced rear cross member, Side collision protection, Seats in cab: Driver's seat with hydraulic suspension, Voltage converter 24V / 12V 8 A, Reinforced rear axle stabilizer, Reinforced front axle stabilizer, Fixed rear underride guard Further equipment: EURO 5 emission standard, axle load front axle 2.5 t, axle load front axle 3.0 t, heated exterior mirrors, battery 74 Ah, cab: double cab, suspension: leaf / leaf, suspension: rear axle parabolic spring reinforced, stage 2, generator 80 A, transmission 6-speed, hydraulic steering, body/body: tipper double cab, fuel tank: 90 ltr, Engine 4.3 ltr. - 115 kW diesel (OM 904 LA), Rear fog light, Wheelbase 3700 mm, Reversing light, Rear axle disc brake, Front axle disc brake, Seats in cab: Double passenger seat, Gross vehicle weight 7.49 t We are also happy to support you in the area of financing/leasing with our partners. All information without guarantee. Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: used, mileage: 37,800 km, power: 130 kW (176.75 HP), first registration: 11/2014, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space width: 2,500 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, crane, electronic stability program (ESP), soot filter, Int. No.: 212 Like-new Atego tipper with CRANE + WINCH * Mercedes Benz * ATEGO 818 * 4x2 wheel configuration * Permissible weight 7490 kg * 3-way tipper * CRANE AK 57-3 A4 with only 55 operating hours!!!!! * 4x hydraulic extension * WINCH * REMOTE CONTROL * 2x hydraulic supports * Hook height approx. 14m * Lateral reach, see load chart * Suspension: leaf spring/leaf spring * Tow hitch 2x * Tilting hydraulics at the rear * Very good condition * Tires 80% * VAT can be shown separately Trade-ins possible Financing from 4.99% Errors and prior sale excepted! The information in this advertisement is a non-binding description and does not constitute guaranteed features. The seller assumes no liability for typing and data transmission errors. The listed equipment must be checked separately. All information in the advertisements is non-binding! Delivery throughout Germany on request Opening hours: Monday to Thursday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. and by appointment!!! Cjdpfx Asz Iu Exedhorh

Condition: used, mileage: 37,800 km, power: 130 kW (176.75 HP), first registration: 11/2014, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space width: 2,500 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, crane, electronic stability program (ESP), soot filter, Int. No.: 212 Like-new Atego tipper with CRANE + WINCH * Mercedes Benz * ATEGO 818 Codpfx Aoz Iu Erjdhorh * 4x2 wheel configuration * Permissible weight 7490 kg * 3-way tipper * CRANE AK 57-3 A4 with only 55 operating hours!!!!! * 4x hydraulic extension * WINCH * REMOTE CONTROL * 2x hydraulic stabilizers * Hook height approx. 14m * Lateral reach, see load diagram * Suspension: leaf spring/leaf spring * Tow hitch 2x * Tilting hydraulics at the rear * Very good condition * Tires 80% * VAT can be shown separately Trade-ins possible Financing from 4.99% Errors and prior sale excepted! The information in this advertisement is a non-binding description and does not constitute guaranteed characteristics. The seller assumes no liability for typing and data transmission errors. Listed equipment must be checked separately. All information in the advertisements is non-binding! Delivery throughout Germany upon request Opening hours: Monday to Thursday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. and by appointment!!!

Condition: used, mileage: 150 km, power: 129 kW (175.39 HP), first registration: 10/2026, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,200 kg, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,600 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, loading space height: 450 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), navigation system, parking heater, soot filter, Are you looking for a different model, a different engine specification, different dimensions, or additional features? Feel free to contact us. We offer financing and leasing at attractive terms – also available for the Netherlands, Austria, and for new businesses! ----VEHICLE * Wheelbase: 3,450 mm * Manual transmission * Single cab * Rear twin tires * Gross vehicle weight: 7.2 tonnes SEATING * Seat belt tensioner, passenger side * Fabric seat upholstery ELECTRICS/LIGHTING – ConnectivityBox 4G * Daytime running lights * Accident data recorder * Digital tachograph (EU) 4.1 * Battery 12 V 105 Ah (AGM) * Light and rain sensor * Manual high beam control * Additional speed limiter * Switch for body lighting * 12V 13-pin trailer socket CAB EXTERIOR – Mirrors for body width 2,350 mm * Wide wheel arch trim * Blind spot radar behind the cab * Fuel filler neck integrated in B-pillar * Turn assist system, passenger side (BSIS) * Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) * Front area monitoring (MOIS) * Proactive steering assistant with lane keeping (ELK) * Emergency braking assistant (AEBS) with City Brake * Electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors * Mud flaps on front axle * Additional vehicle key with remote control CAB INTERIOR / AUDIO – Advanced driver distraction warning system * Central locking with remote * Grab handle on A-pillar * Rear wall insulation * Traffic sign recognition with intelligent speed assistance (ISA) * Electric windows for front doors * Left-hand drive for right-hand traffic Crsdpfjx S S Rrox Adhoh * Front airbags for driver and passenger with belt tensioners * Preparation for alcohol interlock * Speed limiter 90 km/h * Overhead storage above windscreen * Smoking package: ashtray and cigarette lighter * 12V socket for windscreen OBU CHASSIS – Spare wheel carrier at frame end * 20-liter AdBlue tank under cab * Weight variants: 2,500/5,350 kg * Spare wheel matching tire specification * Rear underrun protection * ESP system * Integrated 90-liter fuel tank * Manual handbrake, center-mounted * 225/75 R16 tires * Reinforced front axle * Towbar with ball head ENGINE / TRANSMISSION / AXLES * PTO preparation * Rear axle ratio i = 4.23 * Standard oil pan * Aluminum radiator * Emission standard EURO VI E * Heated crankcase ventilation * Settings for special fuels (HVO/GTL) * Heated fuel filter * Comfort sound insulation * Manual transmission FT 50.6 * Alternator 3,500 Watt (14 Volt x 250 Ampere) * German documentation * 4x2 MY24 * 225/75 R16 all-season tires * Electronic operation & maintenance manual – user manual accessible via app (Iveco Easy Guide) COMFORT PLUS * USB sockets, driver and passenger side * My Iveco infotainment 10-inch with navigation * Integrated Alexa voice assistant * Passenger bench seat with multifunction tray and storage compartment * Fog lights * Air conditioning with automatic climate control, pollen filter, and outside temperature display * Adaptive cruise control (ACC) * 170cc A/C compressor * Comfort headrests WINTER PACKAGE * Additional hot water heater * Luxury driver's seat with armrest and lumbar support, height, tilt, and longitudinally adjustable, hydraulically suspended, heated * Heated windscreen CONSTRUCTION * Electronic differential lock (EDS)

Condition: used, mileage: 150 km, power: 129 kW (175.39 HP), first registration: 10/2026, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,200 kg, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,600 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, loading space height: 450 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), navigation system, parking heater, soot filter, Are you looking for a different model, engine variant, size, or further features? Feel free to contact us. We offer financing and leasing on attractive terms – also for the Netherlands, Austria, and for new business founders! ----VEHICLE * Wheelbase: 3450mm * Manual gearbox * Single cab * Twin rear tires * Gross weight 7.2 tons SEATING Cjdpfox S S N Uex Adhsrh * Seatbelt pretensioner passenger side * Fabric seat covers ELECTRICS/LIGHTING ConnectivityBox 4G * Daytime running light function * Accident data recorder * EC digital tachograph 4.1 * Battery 12 V 105 Ah (AGM) * Light and rain sensor * Manual high beam control * Additional speed limiter * Switch for body lighting * 12V 13-pin trailer socket CAB EXTERIOR Mirrors for body width 2350 mm * Wide wheel arch covers * Blind spot radar behind cab * Fuel filler neck in B-pillar * Turn assist on passenger side (BSIS) * Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) * Front area monitoring (MOIS) * Proactive steering assistant with lane monitoring (ELK) * Emergency brake assistant AEBS with City Brake * Electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors * Mud flaps on front axle * Additional vehicle key with remote control CAB INTERIOR/AUDIO Advanced Driver Distraction Warning * Central locking with remote control * Grab handle on A-pillar * Rear wall insulation * Traffic sign recognition with intelligent speed assistant (ISA) * Electric windows for front doors * Left-hand drive for right-hand traffic * Front airbags for driver and passenger with seatbelt pretensioners * Pre-installation for alcohol interlock * Speed limiter 90 km/h * Overhead storage above windscreen * Smoker package, ashtray and cigarette lighter * 12V socket for windscreen OBU CHASSIS Spare wheel holder at rear frame * 20-liter AdBlue tank under cab * Weight variant 2500/5350 kg * Spare wheel, dimension matches vehicle tires * Rear underrun protection * ESP system * 90l integrated fuel tank * Manual central parking brake * Tires 225/75 R16 * Reinforced front axle * Towbar with ball head ENGINE/TRANSMISSION/AXLES * PTO preparation * Rear axle ratio i 4.23 * Standard oil pan * Aluminum radiator * Emission standard EURO VI E * Heated crankcase breather * Settings for special fuels (HVO/GTL) * Heated fuel filter * Comfort noise insulation * Manual gearbox FT 50.6 * Alternator 3500 Watt (14 Volt x 250 Ampere) * Operating instructions in German * 4x2 MY24 * Tires 225/75 R 16 All-Season * Electronic operator and maintenance manual – operating instructions available via App (Iveco Easy Guide) COMFORT PLUS USB sockets driver and passenger side * My Iveco Infotainment 10 inch with navigation * Integrated Alexa voice assistant * Passenger bench with multifunction storage tray and compartment * Fog lights * Air conditioning with automatic climate control, pollen filter, and outside temperature display * Distance control cruise control (ACC) * 170cc climate compressor * Comfort headrests WINTER * Auxiliary hot water heater * Luxury driver’s seat with armrest and lumbar support, adjustable in height, tilt, and longitudinal direction, hydraulically suspended, heated * Heated windscreen CONSTRUCTION * Electronic differential lock (EDS)

Condition: used, mileage: 129 km, power: 110 kW (149.56 HP), first registration: 06/2026, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 3,705 kg, maximum load weight: 3,785 kg, overall weight: 7,490 kg, wheelbase: 2,800 mm, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2027, color: white, driver cabin: other, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,600 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, airbag, central locking, cruise control, differential lock, electronic stability program (ESP), fog lights, parking sensors, power assisted steering, second-hand vehicle warranty, trailer coupling, Exterior * Trailer hitch / trailer load capacity 3,500 KG * Heated rearview mirrors Interior * Automatic climate control * Driver's comfort suspension seat, horizontal suspension Safety * Airbag Comfort and Environment * Rear view camera * Lane keeping assist * Blind spot assist * Rear parking warning * Cruise control Multimedia * Tire pressure monitoring system Other * 2 DIN 7" touchscreen radio, including Apple CarPlay and Android CarPlay and hands-free system * 3-year manufacturer's warranty from date of first registration up to 100,000 KM, valid throughout Europe * Cover, exhaust system * AdBlue tank cover * Trailer socket with electrical kit * Automatic DUONIC automated transmission * Battery cover, double * Side panel protector * Three-way tipper, side walls and floor made of steel 3600 x 2200 x 400mm * Spare wheel holder, double secured * Euro 6 OBD Step E * Gearbox PTO 200 Nm for hydraulic pump * Manual throttle control, engine speed * Rear underrun protection * LED headlights * Rent-to-own / financing or leasing possible via Daimler Truck Financial Service Germany (DTFSD). We will gladly prepare an offer for you. Crodezugltjpfx Adhjh * Payload 3785 KG * Protective grille for rear lights * Fuso safety package including floor mats * Short mirror arm including wide-angle mirror * Valve extensions * Tool box * XMC module (parameterizable special module) * Axle ratio i = 5.286 * Limited slip differential Other: * Nationwide delivery for 399 € net plus VAT (474.81 € incl. VAT)? * For all vans: On request, 12 or 24 months of Mercedes-Benz used car warranty is possible. * We will gladly take back your current vehicle, offset it against the new vehicle or pay you the purchase price. * Leasing / financing via Mercedes-Benz Bank. We will gladly prepare an offer for you. * No liability for printing and typographical errors * Errors and prior sale excepted

Condition: used, mileage: 129 km, power: 110 kW (149.56 HP), first registration: 06/2026, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 3,705 kg, maximum load weight: 3,785 kg, overall weight: 7,490 kg, wheelbase: 2,800 mm, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2027, color: white, driver cabin: other, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,600 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, airbag, central locking, cruise control, differential lock, electronic stability program (ESP), fog lights, parking sensors, power assisted steering, second-hand vehicle warranty, trailer coupling, Exterior * Trailer hitch / Trailer load 3,500 KG * Heated rearview mirrors Interior * Automatic climate control * Driver's comfort suspension seat, horizontal suspension Safety * Airbag Comfort and Environment * Rear view camera * Lane keeping assist * Blind spot assist * Rear warning system * Cruise control Multimedia * Tire pressure monitoring system Other * 2 DIN 7" touchscreen radio, including Apple CarPlay and Android CarPlay and hands-free system * 3 years manufacturer's warranty from initial registration up to 100,000 KM, valid throughout Europe * Cover, exhaust system * AdBlue tank cover * Trailer socket with electrical kit * Battery cover, double * Side protection * Three-way tipper, side walls and floor made of steel 3600 x 2200 x 400mm * Spare wheel holder, double secured Crodpfx Aszugkpsdheh * Euro 6 OBD Step E * Gearbox PTO 200 Nm for hydraulic pump * Manual throttle for engine speed * Rear underrun protection * LED headlights * Rent-to-own/financing or leasing possible via Daimler Truck Financial Service Germany (DTFSD). We will gladly prepare an offer for you. * Payload 3785 KG * Protective grille for taillights * Fuso safety package incl. floor mats * Short mirror arm incl. wide-angle mirror * Valve extensions * Toolbox * XMC module (parameterizable special module) * Axle ratio i = 5.286 * Limited slip differential Other: * Nationwide delivery for €399 net plus VAT (€474.81 incl. VAT) * For all vans: On request, 12 or 24 months of Mercedes-Benz used car warranty is possible. * We will gladly take back your current vehicle, offset it against the new vehicle, or pay you the purchase price. * Leasing / financing via Mercedes-Benz Bank. We will gladly prepare an offer for you. * No liability for printing and typographical errors * Errors and prior sale reserved

Condition: used, mileage: 129 km, power: 110 kW (149.56 HP), first registration: 06/2026, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 3,705 kg, maximum load weight: 3,785 kg, overall weight: 7,490 kg, wheelbase: 2,800 mm, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2027, color: white, driver cabin: other, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,600 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, airbag, central locking, cruise control, differential lock, electronic stability program (ESP), fog lights, parking sensors, power assisted steering, second-hand vehicle warranty, trailer coupling, Exterior * Trailer hitch / Trailer load capacity 3,500 KG * Heated exterior mirrors Interior * Automatic climate control * Driver's comfort suspension seat, horizontal suspension Safety * Airbag Comfort and Environment * Rear view camera * Lane keeping assist * Blind spot assist * Rear parking warning * Cruise control Multimedia * Tire pressure monitoring system Other * 2 DIN 7" touchscreen radio, including Apple CarPlay and Android CarPlay and hands-free system * 3 years manufacturer's warranty from registration date up to 100,000 KM, valid throughout Europe * Cover, exhaust system Cjdpfx Adezugkvjherh * AdBlue tank cover * Trailer socket with electrical kit * Battery cover, double * Side protection for the drop sides * Three-way tipper, side walls and floor made of steel 3600 x 2200 x 400mm * Spare wheel holder, double secured * Euro 6 OBD Step E * Gearbox PTO 200 Nm for hydraulic pump * Hand throttle for engine speed * Rear underrun protection * LED headlights * Rent-to-buy/financing or leasing possible via Daimler Truck Financial Service Germany (DTFSD). We will be happy to prepare an offer for you. * Payload 3785 KG * Protective grille for rear lights * Fuso safety package incl. floor mats * Short mirror bracket incl. wide-angle mirror * Valve extensions * Tool box * XMC module (parameterizable special module) * Axle ratio i = 5.286 * Limited-slip differential Other: * Nationwide delivery for 399 € net plus VAT (474.81 € incl. VAT)? * For all vans: Upon request, 12 or 24 months Mercedes-Benz used car warranty is possible. * We will gladly take back your current vehicle, offset it against the new vehicle or pay you the purchase price. * Leasing / Financing via Mercedes-Benz Bank. We will be happy to prepare an offer for you. * No liability for printing and typographical errors * Errors and prior sale excepted *

Condition: used, mileage: 129 km, power: 110 kW (149.56 HP), first registration: 06/2026, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 3,705 kg, maximum load weight: 3,785 kg, overall weight: 7,490 kg, wheelbase: 2,800 mm, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2027, color: white, driver cabin: other, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,600 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, airbag, central locking, cruise control, differential lock, electronic stability program (ESP), fog lights, parking sensors, power assisted steering, second-hand vehicle warranty, trailer coupling, Exterior * Tow hitch / towing capacity 3,500 KG * Heated exterior mirrors Interior * Automatic climate control * Driver's comfort suspension seat, horizontal suspension Safety * Airbag Comfort and Environment * Rear view camera * Lane keeping assist * Blind spot assist * Rear warning system * Cruise control Multimedia * Tire pressure monitoring system Other * 2 DIN 7" touchscreen radio, including Apple CarPlay and Android CarPlay and hands-free system * 3-year manufacturer's warranty from date of first registration up to 100,000 KM, valid throughout Europe * Cover, exhaust system * AdBlue tank cover * Trailer socket with electrical kit * Automatic DUONIC automated transmission * Battery cover, double * Side guard * Three-way tipper, side walls and floor made of steel 3600 x 2200 x 400mm * Spare wheel holder, double secured * Euro 6 OBD Step E * Gearbox PTO 200 Nm for hydraulic pump * Manual throttle control, engine speed * Rear underrun protection * LED headlights * Lease purchase/financing or leasing possible via Daimler Truck Financial Service Germany (DTFSD). We will gladly prepare an offer for you. * Payload 3785 KG * Protective grille for rear lights * Fuso safety package including floor mats * Short mirror holder incl. wide-angle mirror * Valve extensions * Tool box * XMC module (parameterizable special module) * Axle ratio i = 5.286 * Limited-slip differential Other: * Nationwide delivery for €399 net plus VAT (€474.81 incl. VAT). * For all vans: 12 or 24 months of Mercedes-Benz used car warranty can be arranged upon request. Crsdpfx Aszuglmjdhjh * We will gladly take back your current vehicle, offset it against the new vehicle, or pay you the purchase price. * Leasing / financing via Mercedes-Benz Bank. We will gladly prepare an offer for you. * No liability for printing and typographical errors * Subject to errors and prior sale.

Condition: used, mileage: 308,209 km, power: 151 kW (205.30 HP), first registration: 11/2008, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 01/2027, color: orange, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro4, number of seats: 3, * First owner * MAN TGL 8.210 * MEILLER tipper body * Hydraulic tipping system for trailers * Tow hitch Crsdpozxkcksfx Adheh * Valid TÜV inspection until 2027/1

Condition: used, mileage: 188,000 km, power: 105 kW (142.76 HP), first registration: 06/2006, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 6,500 kg, color: red, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro3, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,800 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, crane, Buy online. Finance digitally. Get it delivered nationwide. ----Chat now via WhatsApp: Get in touch quickly and easily with our sales consultant. Internal ID number: [3613] The photos have been processed using AI and are only intended as examples to illustrate the size and equipment of the vehicle. The vehicle is currently being prepared. The images will be updated. ---- Your advantages with us: * Digital consultation via telephone or WhatsApp * Financing options, even without a down payment * We accept your vehicle as a trade-in, whether old or new Optionally bookable: * 12-60 month used car warranty (valid throughout the EU) * New inspection * New TÜV & emissions test * Nationwide delivery---- Mitsubishi Canter 7C14 Tipper | PALFINGER PK 4100 | Air conditioning Load, transport and unload with a single vehicle: Mitsubishi Fuso Canter with a tipper body and a PALFINGER PK 4100 Compact loading crane behind the cab. A versatile combination for construction companies, gardening and landscaping, trades, and material transport. VEHICLE DATA * First registration: 06/2006 * Diesel engine with 105 kW / 143 hp * Displacement: 3,908 cm³ * Manual transmission * 3 seats * Permissible total weight: 6,500 kg * Unladen weight according to vehicle documents: 4,235 kg * Calculated payload according to documents: 2,265 kg * Trailer load, braked: 3,500 kg * Color: Red TIPPER BODY AND LOADING CRANE * Hydraulic tipper body with folding steel side panels * PALFINGER PK 4100 Compact loading crane * Maximum lifting capacity: approx. 1,000 kg * Crane mounted behind the cab and registered in the vehicle registration document * Hydraulically extendable crane boom * Side crane control via joystick * Laterally extendable outriggers with hydraulic support legs * Foldable crane for transport position * Side storage boxes for tools and accessories The loading crane enables the independent loading and unloading of suitable loads within its permissible load diagram. The tipper body also facilitates the unloading of bulk goods and construction materials. OTHER EQUIPMENT * Air conditioning * Suspended ISRI driver's seat * Radio * Digital tachograph * Tow hitch * Orange warning light on the cab * Twin tires in the rear ---- Would you like to lease or finance? We offer attractive deals – even without a down payment! Please contact us. Contact: Phone: WhatsApp: E-mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln – Germany Opening hours: Cedpfx Aez D Rzuedherh Mon-Fri: 9:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Sat: 9:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. All information on the internet is non-binding and serves only as a general description of the vehicle. Errors, typos and prior sale are possible. The photos have been processed using AI and are only intended as examples to illustrate the size and equipment of the vehicle. The binding condition of the vehicle results exclusively from the purchase contract on site or through written assurances.

Condition: used, mileage: 188,000 km, power: 105 kW (142.76 HP), first registration: 06/2006, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 6,500 kg, color: red, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro3, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,800 mm, loading space width: 2,200 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, crane, Buy online. Finance digitally. Get it delivered nationwide. ----Chat now via WhatsApp: Get in touch quickly and easily with our sales consultant. Internal ID number: [3613] The photos have been processed using AI and are only intended as examples to illustrate the size and equipment of the vehicle. The vehicle is currently being prepared. The images will be updated. ---- Your advantages with us: * Digital consultation via telephone or WhatsApp * Financing options, even without a down payment * We accept your vehicle as a trade-in, whether old or new Optionally bookable: * 12-60 month used car warranty (valid throughout the EU) * New inspection * New TÜV & emissions test * Nationwide delivery---- Mitsubishi Canter 7C14 Tipper | PALFINGER PK 4100 | Air conditioning Load, transport and unload with a single vehicle: Mitsubishi Fuso Canter with a tipper body and a PALFINGER PK 4100 Compact loading crane behind the cab. A versatile combination for construction companies, gardening and landscaping, trades, and material transport. VEHICLE DATA * First registration: 06/2006 * Diesel engine with 105 kW / 143 hp * Displacement: 3,908 cm³ * Manual transmission * 3 seats * Permissible total weight: 6,500 kg * Unladen weight according to vehicle documents: 4,235 kg * Calculated payload according to documents: 2,265 kg * Trailer load, braked: 3,500 kg * Color: Red TIPPER BODY AND LOADING CRANE * Hydraulic tipper body with folding steel side panels * PALFINGER PK 4100 Compact loading crane * Maximum lifting capacity: approx. 1,000 kg * Crane mounted behind the cab and registered in the vehicle registration document * Hydraulically extendable crane boom * Side crane control via joystick * Laterally extendable outriggers with hydraulic support legs * Foldable crane for transport position * Side storage boxes for tools and accessories The loading crane enables the independent loading and unloading of suitable loads within its permissible load diagram. The tipper body also facilitates the unloading of bulk goods and construction materials. OTHER EQUIPMENT * Air conditioning * Suspended ISRI driver's seat * Radio * Digital tachograph * Tow hitch * Orange warning light on the cab * Twin tires in the rear ---- Would you like to lease or finance? We offer attractive deals – even without a down payment! Please contact us. Cjdpsz D Rydsfx Adhjrh Contact: Phone: WhatsApp: E-mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln – Germany Opening hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Sat: 9:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. All information on the internet is non-binding and serves only as a general description of the vehicle. Errors, typos and prior sale are possible. The photos have been processed using AI and are only intended as examples to illustrate the size and equipment of the vehicle. The binding condition of the vehicle results exclusively from the purchase contract on site or through written assurances.

Condition: used, mileage: 28,466 km, power: 129 kW (175.39 HP), first registration: 09/2021, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, Year of construction: 2021, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), soot filter, * Mitsubishi Canter 9C18 Tipper Truck * First registered: 09-2021 * Automatic transmission * Meiller three-sided tipper body * Air conditioning * Leaf spring suspension * 2 x trailer hitch * Differential lock * Payload: 3,930 kg * Unladen weight: 3,560 kg * Gross vehicle weight: 7,490 kg * More pictures and videos available via WhatsApp * Information provided without warranty and subject to prior sale. Crodpfez Igm Uex Adheh

Condition: used, mileage: 41,032 km, power: 125 kW (169.95 HP), first registration: 04/2021, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 2,305 kg, maximum load weight: 1,195 kg, overall weight: 3,500 kg, wheelbase: 3,665 mm, next inspection (TÜV): 09/2028, fuel: diesel, energy efficiency: B, CO₂ emissions: 195 g/km, fuel consumption (urban): 8.2 l/100km, fuel consumption (extra-urban): 7 l/100km, fuel consumption (combined): 7.4 l/100km, color: white, driver cabin: other, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, Year of construction: 2021, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, airbag, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), power assisted steering, second-hand vehicle warranty, soot filter, Exterior * Heated and electrically adjustable exterior mirrors * Wheelbase 3665 mm * All-season tires Interior * Outside temperature display * Artico black imitation leather * Co-driver's seat, single seat * Armrest for driver's seat * Rear window Safety * Adaptive brake light * Driver airbag Comfort and Environment * Hill-start assist * ECO start-stop function * Headlight assistant * Gear shift indicator * Crosswind assist Credex A Rwpjpfx Adhoh * Mercedes-Benz emergency call system * Multifunction steering wheel * Cruise control can be retrofitted Multimedia * Digital radio (DAB) with Bluetooth hands-free system Other * 3.5-ton vehicle * 6-speed manual transmission ECO Gear * Storage compartment above the windshield * Storage compartment under the dashboard * Towing eye at the rear * Active brake assist * Towing capacity up to 3,500 kg * COC documents, incomplete * Emissions class Euro 6d-TEMP * Generator 14 V / 250 A * Seatbelt warning system for driver's seat * Semi-automatic TEMPMATIC climate control system * Interior mirror * Communication module (LTE) for digital services * Steering wheel adjustable for tilt and height * Master code for tipper body by Dautel * MBUX multimedia system with 7-inch touchscreen * OM 654 DE 20 LA 125 kW (170 hp) 3800/min * Labels / Printed material in German * Side marker lights * Driver seat occupancy detection * Jump start connection * Additional battery isolation relay * Outline lights * First-aid kit * Fleece battery 12 V 92 Ah * Front axle with increased load capacity * Preparation for three-way tipper * Warning triangle * Heat-absorbing glass with band filter on the windshield * Additional battery for retrofitted consumers, interior * Axle ratio i = 3.923 Other: * Nationwide delivery for €399 net plus VAT (€474.81 incl. VAT). * For all vans: 12 or 24 months of Mercedes-Benz used car warranty available on request. * We will gladly take back your current vehicle, offset it against the new vehicle, or pay you the purchase price. * Leasing / financing via Mercedes-Benz Bank. We will gladly prepare an offer for you. * Ex-rental vehicle * No liability for printing and typographical errors * Subject to errors and prior sale.

Condition: used, mileage: 132,817 km, power: 154 kW (209.38 HP), first registration: 01/2015, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 5,500 kg, maximum load weight: 1,990 kg, overall weight: 7,490 kg, tire size: 9.5R17,5, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 3,690 mm, brakes: engine braking, color: orange, driver cabin: other, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, suspension: steel, number of seats: 7, loading space length: 3,400 mm, loading space width: 2,350 mm, loading space height: 500 mm, Equipment: ABS, additional headlights, cabin, low noise, trailer coupling, Vehicle location: en route / in transit, Doka body, rear window, electric mirrors, electric window (left), electric window (right), air conditioning, sun visor, radio/CD player, 6-speed gearbox, ABS (anti-lock braking system), work lights, rotating beacon, storage compartment, leaf spring suspension, air/light/hydraulic trailer coupling, trailer coupling with ball head, low-noise G1, lashing points, green environmental badge Wheelbase: 3690 mm, Body: Doka, 7-seater, turning assistant. All information is provided without guarantee, as the vehicle is currently en route! ACCESSORY INFORMATION IS PROVIDED WITHOUT GUARANTEE; subject to change, prior sale, and errors! Crodpfsz Auq Hsx Adheh

Condition: used, mileage: 85,967 km, power: 100 kW (135.96 HP), first registration: 07/2021, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 07/2028, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 7, total length: 6,050 mm, total width: 2,100 mm, total height: 2,385 mm, loading space length: 2,700 mm, loading space width: 2,042 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Outside temperature display, co-driver's double seat, heated exterior mirrors, electrically adjustable exterior mirrors, used vehicle. Csdoz A Nmmopfx Adherh Vehicle no. 3380, 6-speed manual transmission, air conditioning, co-driver's double seat, 7-seater (3-4), driver's airbag, electric windows, central locking with remote control, radio, multi-function steering wheel, trailer hitch with 3500 kg towing capacity, EURO 6, tires: 225/65 R16, sliding window at the rear, Henschel 3-way tipper, cargo area dimensions L x W x H: 2,700 x 2,042 x 400 mm, aluminum sideboards, steel floor with lashing eyes, unladen weight: 2,560 kg, permissible total weight: 3,500 kg, first owner, for inquiries please contact us, errors and prior sale are subject to change.

Condition: used, mileage: 85,967 km, power: 100 kW (135.96 HP), first registration: 07/2021, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 07/2028, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 7, total length: 6,050 mm, total width: 2,100 mm, total height: 2,385 mm, loading space length: 2,700 mm, loading space width: 2,042 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Outside temperature display, co-driver's double seat, heated exterior mirrors, electrically adjustable exterior mirrors, used vehicle. Cedpfx Adsz A Nmyohorh Vehicle no. 3380, 6-speed manual transmission, air conditioning, co-driver's double seat, 7-seater (3-4), driver's airbag, electric windows, central locking with remote control, radio, multi-function steering wheel, trailer hitch with 3500 kg towing capacity, EURO 6, tires: 225/65 R16, sliding window at the rear, Henschel 3-way tipper, cargo area dimensions L x W x H: 2,700 x 2,042 x 400 mm, aluminum sideboards, steel floor with lashing eyes, unladen weight: 2,560 kg, permissible total weight: 3,500 kg, first owner, for inquiries please contact us, errors and prior sale are subject to change.

Condition: used, mileage: 23,446 km, power: 129 kW (175.39 HP), first registration: 02/2023, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, total length: 5,560 mm, total width: 2,100 mm, total height: 2,660 mm, loading space length: 3,601 mm, loading space width: 2,013 mm, Equipment: central locking, soot filter, Errors and prior sale excepted! Internal number: 1416. DD00597 ----EQUIPMENT: Three-way tipper MEILLER * Power steering * Central locking with remote control ... and more ----The vehicle has not been refurbished! Cedjyhx I Eopfx Adherh Nationwide delivery possible for an additional charge. Errors and prior sale excepted. We will gladly accept your vehicle as a trade-in. Financing/leasing is also possible without a down payment! Do you have any further questions? We will be happy to advise you!

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, fuel type: diesel, axle configuration: 4x2, fuel: diesel, energy efficiency: B, gearing type: mechanical, suspension: steel, Year of construction: 2018, IVECO 35S 13 2.3 MJT, three-way tipper – EURO 6B – Wheelbase 3450 – Year 05/2018 – Mileage 254184 km – Engine capacity 2287 cc – Horsepower 115 – Power 85 kW – EURO 6B – Tipper body length 3530 mm – Width 2050 mm – Tipper body height 400 mm – ABS – Electric windows – 2 seats in the cab – For further information, contact Davide: 3355266031. Cjdpfezxhm Hsx Adhjrh

Condition: used, mileage: 30,597 km, power: 125 kW (169.95 HP), first registration: 07/2023, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 4,700 kg, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,227 mm, loading space width: 2,013 mm, loading space height: 349 mm, Year of construction: 2023, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), soot filter, Errors and prior sales excepted! Internal number: 1345. PL49063 ----EQUIPMENT * Battery: AGM deep-cycle high-performance battery - 2 AGM batteries - Standard battery replaced with AGM, including extended battery life to 30 minutes * Trailer coupling - fixed, 13-pin socket - including trailer stability control (TSC) * Technology Package 24 - Windshield, heated - Windshield wipers with rain sensor - Active emergency braking assistant (camera-based) - Lane keeping assistant with drowsiness warning and high-beam assistant, additionally with lane departure warning - Headlight assistant with day/night sensor - Cruise control - Rearview camera and preparation kit - Ford audio system with 4" multifunction display * Transmission: 6-speed manual * Anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electronic brake force distribution (EBD) * Increased axle load - front to 1850 kg * Airbag, driver side * Exterior mirrors, electrically adjustable and heated - with integrated turn signals * Exterior mirrors, short arm - with integrated turn signals * On-board computer with consumption and mileage information (e.g., remaining range) as well as outside temperature display and Ford ECO mode * Roof, flat * Roof, overhead storage compartment in the front * Headliner in the driver's cab * Tachometer * Electronic Stability Program (ESP) with Traction Control (TSC) - Hill start assist - Crosswind assist - Safety brake assistant - Rollover protection - Emergency brake assist including hazard warning light - additionally with trailer stability control * Power windows, front - with quick-down/-up function for driver's side * Ford Easy Fuel - comfort fuel filler cap and misfueling protection * Generator, high-performance version * Headlights, low beam: Halogen headlights with daytime running lights * Glove compartment with lockable lid * Interior lighting with delay function and reading lights in the front * Air conditioning, front including dust and pollen filter * Fuel tank 70 liters * Radiator grille: 3 struts and surround in black-gray plastic * Paint: Solid color Cjdpfx Aoz Hr Izjdherh * Steering wheel: Synthetic leather steering wheel * MyKey key system - individually programmable spare key * Fog lights * Particle filter: Diesel particulate filter * Load bed: Standard load bed (wide) - Front bulkhead extension, retaining straps for tailgate * Wheels: Twin tires, rear axle * Power steering * Seat belts - Seat belt pretensioners and force limiters, front * Seats: Seat Package 13 - Driver's seat, 4-way adjustable (forward/backward, backrest, seat cushion tilt, height) - Double passenger seat with storage compartment under individually folding seat cushions - Headrests, height-adjustable - Table integrated in the double passenger seat (fold-out) - Interior armrest for driver - Lumbar support, manual (driver's seat) - Seat upholstery: Fabric * Start-stop system * Tachograph, digital - including 2 batteries * Recirculation function * Immobilizer * Heat-reflective glazing, slightly tinted * Central locking with remote control ... and more ----The vehicle is in unrestored condition! Nationwide delivery possible for an additional charge. Errors and prior sales excepted. We will gladly accept your vehicle as a trade-in. Financing / leasing also possible without a down payment! Do you have any questions? We will be happy to advise you!

Condition: used, mileage: 10 km, power: 110 kW (149.56 HP), first registration: 04/2026, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 04/2028, color: grey, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 3,280 mm, loading space width: 2,100 mm, loading space height: 400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), soot filter, Internal vehicle number: 93734_1 The vehicle is located at our site in 34497 KORBACH, Frankenberger Landstr. 7. Exterior * OU2 Rear tailgate bumper * OU3 AdBlue tank cover * QQ0 Trailer hitch ball head * Trailer hitch, fixed, 3.5 tons * EX5 Trailer socket 12 V, 13-pin * OT6 Battery cover * LAC Paint finish, dust grey RAL 7037 * F62 Heated rearview mirror * OS2 Scattolini three-way tipper, aluminum side walls * LH6 Protective grille for taillights * OF1 External sun visor * WP5 Tool box, plastic Interior * SH6 Driver's suspension seat with armrest * H07 Automatic climate control Multimedia * EF3 2-DIN touchscreen radio Comfort and Environment * JW0 Reversing warning system Crodpfx Adey Nghmjhoh Safety * SA5 Driver airbag Condition/Documents * Demonstration vehicle Other * KA6 Cover, exhaust system * EE9 Batteries 2x 12V / 100 Ah * A86 Differential lock Other: This offer is non-binding. Errors and prior sale excepted. If a foreign currency is specified, it will be converted using the current daily exchange rate. The currency of the vehicle's location is valid. ----