Used Dmg (Wasino/Amada) Jj-1 for sale (79,013)

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1991, stroke length: 180 mm, throat depth: 300 mm, overall weight: 7,400 kg, total length: 3,200 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, total height: 2,250 mm, power: 11 kW (14.96 HP), pressing force: 125 t, clearance between the columns: 2,600 mm, Press brake, bending length 3100 mm, capacity 125 to, control DELEM 58, gap between column 26000 mm, stroke 180 mm, throat gap 300 mm, motor 11 KW, back gauge, dimension 3200x1700x2250 mm, weigth ca. 7400 kgs, 2 frontarms, foot pedal, serveral tools Ledpsz Rqlnjfx Abyohn

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2009, pressure 170 t chamfer lenght 3170 mm distance between columns 2700 mm column arm 420 mm dayligth 620 mm stroke 350 mm ajustment speed 160 mm/sec working feed 10.0 mm/sec return speed 100 mm/sec oil volume 280 L 0 300 bar controlled axis 7 Anzahl Number of working hours ca. 51.500 h total power requirement 16.5 KW weight of the machine ca. 12700 kg range L-W-H 4550 x 2650 x 3150 mm "LONG STROKE" special version Excellent condition (!!) Original price approx. 200.000 Euro Special price on request ----- "LONG STROKE" electro-hydraulic press brake featuring: * Increased daylight opening (installation height) = 620 mm * Increased cylinder stroke = 350 mm ----- Lhodpszz S D Iofx Abyen Equipment: - Electro-hydraulic CNC press brake - AMADA CNC control "AMNC" - 7 axes (X1+X2, Y1+Y2, R, Z1+Z2) * Swiveling control unit - front left * Touchscreen control panel * Tool & program library * Incl. handheld control unit for manual axis movement - CNC-controlled backgauge adjustment (X1+X2) * Adjustment range .. 700 mm * Adjustment speed .. 500 mm/sec. - CNC-controlled vertical adjustment of gauge fingers (R-axis) * Adjustment range .. 250 mm * Adjustment speed .. 160 mm/sec. - CNC-controlled left-right adjustment of gauge fingers (Z1+Z2) * Adjustment speed .. 1000 mm/sec. - AMADA manual upper tool clamping system * Type: WILSON TOOLS Express * Vertical tool loading/unloading possible * Incl. 1x set of sectional ROLLERI upper tools * "TOP 175.60.R2" ... H 143.8 + 30 mm / 60 degrees - AMADA lower tool holder * Incl. sectional / reversible 4V die * V-openings: 16/32/35/50 mm - FIESSLER laser safety system (front of machine) * Motorized adjustment * Model series: "AKAS III 150" - Side safety guards (swinging doors) - Rear safety guard (swinging door) - 1x movable dual foot pedal - Front emergency stop button - Original operating manual

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), A CNC universal lathe is available. Swing diameter over bed/facing slide: 680mm/465mm, max. turning diameter: 465mm, max. turning length: 1050mm, travel X/Z: 300mm/1050mm, rapid traverse: 20m/min, speed: 3250rpm, tool positions: 12, tool holder: VDI40. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3300mm/1950mm/2500mm, weight: approx. 7500kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Lhjdpfxozdkpbj Abyen

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), Swing diameter over bed/facing slide: 330mm/260mm, max. turning diameter: 200mm, max. turning length: 450mm, travel X/Z: 160mm/450mm, rapid traverse: 30m/min, speed: 5000rpm, tool stations: 12, tool holder: VDI30, max. workpiece weight: 100kg. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3300mm/1750mm/2400mm, weight: approx. 3800kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Lhedpfxozdkphs Abysn

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1991, machine/vehicle number: P 10106, Offer 26338 Lhedpoz R Rkfofx Abysn Technical data: - Max. working length: 3340 mm - Stand opening: 2600 mm - Max. pressing force: 100 t - Overhang: 400 mm - Max. stroke: 100 mm - Max. installation height: 370 mm - Table height (approx.): 960 mm - Approach speed / rapid traverse: 85 mm/s - Pressing speed: 10 mm/s - Retraction speed: 80 mm/s - Drive power: 9.5 kW - Space requirement (approx.): W 3500 x H 2350 x D 1950 mm - Weight (approx.): 6.8 t - Including: - CNC control system DELEM DA 58 - Rear stop 0 - 600 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 32,947 h, functionality: fully functional, Deckel Maho DMC 100H duo Block About the machine: Very robust machine. The main spindle was renewed in 2023. Technical Data: - Control: Siemens 840D - Travel range X, Y, Z axis: 1000/1000/1000mm - C-axis travel range: 360° - Clamping surface rotary table: 800x800mm - Rapid traverse: 60 m/min - Spindle speed: 20-12,000 rpm - Tool holder: SK50 - Tool magazine with 60 slots - Network connectivity - Automation interface possible Equipment: - Through-spindle coolant 50 bar with belt filter system - Work area flushing - Rinse gun - Chip conveyor An inspection or test under power on site is of course possible. We are happy to offer you transportation, installation, and commissioning of the machine at your site. All from a single source: We, Baumgärtner CNC GmbH, are a company specializing in: - Service - Maintenance - Overhaul - Automation of DMG machines and those of other renowned manufacturers. Lhjdpfxjyhwqmj Abyjn We support you! From purchasing your machine, through transport and installation, to commissioning and subsequent maintenance or repair work—you can count on us.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 441 h, machine/vehicle number: LCG3015AJ, laser hours: 228 h, laser power: 2,000 W, sheet thickness (max.): 15 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 15 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 8 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 6 mm, sheet thickness brass (max.): 3 mm, sheet thickness copper (max.): 2 mm, table length: 3,070 mm, table width: 1,550 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 100 mm, type of cooling: water, compressed air connection: 6 bar, overall weight: 9,300 kg, total length: 10,136 mm, total width: 2,840 mm, total height: 2,432 mm, Equipment: cooling unit, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, The machine is in as-new condition. It is connected to power; test cuts are possible. Nozzle changer: 8 stations. Lodpox Tft Aofx Abyshn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, x-travel 1.135 mm y-travel 1.050 mm z-travel 750 mm control iTNC 530 Heidenhain turning speed range - main spindle max. 14.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 19 kW max. Torque 100 Nm tool taper HSK-A 63 table surface area 1.400 x 1.050 mm max. table load 2.500 kg max. workpiece sizes 1.400 x 1.240 mm max. workpiece height 750 mm number of toolpositions 30 pos. tool taper HSK-A 63 max. tool diameter 80 mm Lodpfx Aboyztyajyjhn max. tool-dia with free toolbox 160 mm max. tool length 365 / 395 mm max. tool weight 8,0 kg change-time chip to chip 6,1 sec feed speeds max. 40.000 mm/min rapid traverse 40 m/min Accelaration 6 m/s² Feed force ( X / Y / Z ) 14 / 20 / 14 kN total power requirement 44 kVA weight of the machine ca. 14,4 t dimensions of the machine ca. 6,0 x 5,0 x 3,3 m CNC - MachiningCenter Vertical DMG MORI SEIKI - DMU 105 monoBLOCK - Spindle hours: approx. 9,518 h - Production package: (Chip conveyor, 600 l coolant system, paper belt filter, internal coolant supply 40 bar / 23 l/min through spindle center) - Air Clear: Air curtain for viewing window

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, Description Manufacturer: Amada Miyachi Type: STA-100A Model Number: 1-1-BAKA -AEA-01 Serial Number: 17010009 Condition: Used, New AC Resistance Weld Control Easy to use programming interface For controlling and integrating projection welders, press welders, multi-gun machines, portable welding guns, seam welders, robotic systems, swing-arm welders and other special purpose machines. Examples: Consumer Appliances Nuts and Studs Projection Welding Electronics and Automotive Parts Aerospace Parts Office Furniture Automotive Sheet Metal Input Power: 230-460 VAC Output Range: 1000-80,000 A Phase: Single Welding Period Range: 0-99 Description Manufacturer: Amada Miyachi Type: STA-100A Model Number: 1-1-BAKA -AEA-01 Serial Number: 17010009 Condition: Used, New AC Resistance Welding Controller Easy to use programming interface Used to control and integrate projection welders, press welders, multi-gun machines, portable welding guns, seam welders, robotic systems, swing-arm welders and other special purpose machines. Examples: Consumer appliances Nuts and studs projection welding Electronic and automotive components Aerospace components Office furniture Automotive sheet metal Lhjdpfx Abowcax Eeyen Input power: 230-460 VAC Output range: 1000-80,000 A Phase: single Welding period Range: 0-99

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, Control system: Heidenhain TNC 426 Travel ranges X/Y/Z: 1250 x 880 x 800 mm Ljdpj Admbdsfx Abyshn Spindle speed: 8,000 rpm Tool magazine for 60 tools, SK 50 Universal milling head +0° / -90° indexing NC rotary table 1250 x 1000 mm Chip conveyor Measuring probe

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, turning diameter / mm centre distance / mm swing diameter / mm Manufacturer: DMG GILDEMEISTER Model: CTX 510 eco Year of manufacture: 2008 Machine type: CNC lathe / turning center Control system: Siemens SINUMERIK 810D Powerline Max. spindle speed: 3,250 rpm Spindle speed range: approx. 500–3,250 rpm Spindle power: 33 kW at 40% duty cycle / 22 kW at 100% duty cycle Spindle torque: 630 Nm at 40% duty cycle / 420 Nm at 100% duty cycle X-axis travel: 300 mm Z-axis travel: 1,050 mm Max. turning diameter: 465 mm Max. swing / turning diameter: 680 mm Spindle bore / bar capacity: approx. 76–92 mm (depending on configuration) Front spindle diameter: 140 mm Turret: 12-station Driven tool speed: up to 4,000 rpm Driven tool power: approx. 8.4 kW Chuck: 250 mm or 315 mm Max. workpiece weight between centers: 350 kg Total power requirement: approx. 50 kVA Lodpfxezu A Uko Abyjhn Power supply: 400 V, 50/60 Hz Machine weight: 7,500 kg Incl. chip conveyor Note: All technical specifications are for guidance only and are subject to change. Actual machine data may vary due to different equipment variants and subsequent modifications. No warranty or guarantee is provided regarding the accuracy or completeness of the technical specifications. The specifications and actual condition of the offered machine are the sole determining factors.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Working hours machine: 120266 h Laser power: 4000 Watt Max. punching force: 300 kN Control: AMNC-F Working range laser: 2500 x 1525 mm Working range punching: 3050 x 1875 mm Length: 6354 mm Width: 5880 mm Height: 2517 mm Machine weight: 30000 kg Electrical connected load: 85 kVA x-axis: 100 m / min y-axis: 80 m / min simultanes (x and y): 128 m / min Standard configuration - Patented servo-electric double drive- Punching force 300 kN - low energy consumption of the punching unit (maximum 7 kW, 1 kW in stand-by mode) - smooth-running, low-noise, low-wear and almost maintenance-free   Lhjdpfx Aboz R Ri Isyjn - 780 punching strokes per minute - Optimum use of sheet metal - Punch & Forming for forming up to 20 mm in height - Multiple thread unit with four inserts from M 2.5 to M 6 - brush table for scratch-free processing Extended machine accessories - Z-revolver with 45 turrets (2 x B Station Auto Index / 2 x C Station Auto Index)- punch & forming- tapping Automation - does not include the loading unit shown in the picture

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, turning diameter 465 mm turning length 1050 mm control Siemens x-axis 300 mm Lhedpfxozaf Ewj Abysn weight of the machine ca. 7600 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1991, AMADA MODEL HFBE 170-3 170 tons x 3000 complete with DELEM DA 58 MULTI AXIS CNC CONTROL ERWIN SICK MACHINE MOUNTER ELECTRONIC GUARDING SUYSTEM SIDE AND REAR INTERLOCKED FENCING Bending force: 170 T Bending length: 3100 mm Distance between uprights: 2650 mm Cnc control: DELEM DA 58 Throat: 410 mm Vertical stroke: 180 mm Working speed: 10 mm/s Axis number: 6 Including Z axis Motor Power: 13 kW Machine weight: 10500 kg Lsdewcd Spspfx Abyshn Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 3200 x 1700 x 2500 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Maximum workpiece diameter 285mm, maximum workpiece length 280mm, Bar capacity 38mm, X axis stroke 480mm, Z axis stroke 285mm, spindle speed 6,000 rpm, power 5.5Kw, Lodpfswb A Hcox Abyohn swarf conveyor.

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED- 2-AXIS CNC LATHE MAX ROTATING DIAMETER: 330 mm MAX TURNING LENGTH: 350 mm MAX TURNING DIAMETER: 200 mm BAR CAPACITY: 51 mm SPINDLE: 5000 rpm; 11-16,5 kW; 210 mm Lhsdpfxjzda Hws Abysn X-AXIS TRAVEL: 150 mm Z-AXIS TRAVEL: 450 mm TURRET HEAD: 12 POS VDI30 CONTROL UNIT: SIEMENS 810D WEIGHT: 3400 Kg OVERALL DIMENSIONS: 4325 x 2071 x 1742 mm ACCESSORIES: SWARF CONVEYOR

Year of construction: 2010, condition: ready for operation (used), A CNC laser cutting machine Amada is available. Laser type: CO2, laser power: 4kW, connected load: 43kVA, max. sheet dimensions: 1500mm/3000mm, max. sheet thickness steel/stainless steel: 10mm/12mm, control system: Fanuc, power-on hours: 34401h, operating hours: 21713h, cutting hours: 11111h. Including loader and unloader. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Lhedpfxszkldyj Abyon

Condition: repair required (used), functionality: limited functionality, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 31,489 h, control type: NC control, degree of automation: semi-automatic, laser type: CO₂ laser, laser hours: 22,804 h, laser power: 4,000 W, sheet thickness (max.): 22 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 22 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 8 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 6 mm, table length: 3,000 mm, table width: 1,500 mm, working length: 3,000 mm, working width: 3,000 mm, AMADA LC3015 X1 NT – Complete Automated Laser Cutting Cell -The AMADA LC3015 X1 NT is a fully automated CNC laser cutting cell designed for efficient, high-volume sheet metal production with minimal operator intervention. -The installation includes the AMADA LC3015 X1 NT laser machine, an AS LUL 300 X1 automated tower system, a 4 kW Mitsubishi ML40CFX CO₂ resonator, a Riedel industrial chiller, and a Donaldson Torit extraction and filtration system. -Manufactured in Japan in 2007, the machine offers a working area of 3,000 × 1,500 mm and delivers reliable, precision laser cutting performance. -The 4 kW laser is capable of cutting mild steel up to 15 mm, stainless steel up to 8 mm, and aluminum up to 6 mm. -The automated tower system features eight storage cassettes with a load capacity of 3,000 kg each, enabling automatic material loading, unloading, and pallet exchange for continuous production. -A vacuum sheet handling system further improves productivity by reducing manual material handling. -The Riedel dual-circuit chiller provides efficient cooling for both the laser source and optical components, ensuring stable operation. Ledpozi Uc Nsfx Abyjhn -The Donaldson Torit filtration system effectively removes fumes and metal particles generated during the cutting process, maintaining a clean and safe working environment. -This complete AMADA/Mitsubishi solution combines automation, reliability, productivity, and integrated cooling and filtration systems, making it an excellent choice for demanding industrial manufacturing applications.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, Technical specifications: Retrofit in 2026 Working length: 4100 mm Distance between uprights: 3700 mm Press force: 220 tons CNC control: CD2000 (new) Color screen size: 14" Lhjdpsznl U Tjfx Abysn Controlled axes: Y1/Y2; X; R Motorized adjustable back gauge Overhang: 300 mm Stroke: 200 mm Automatic crowning Motor power: 20 kW Dimensions (length x width x height): approx. 4800 x 2300 x 2900 mm Weight: approx. 17.5 tons Accessories: Segmented AMADA tools, new Lateral safety devices Condition: The machine is in very good overall condition Only approx. 7,500 operating hours The seller is not liable for typing or data transmission errors. The machine's appearance, technology, and wear correspond to its age; used machines are sold without any warranty.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, CNC - lathe machine Machine type: DMG CTX 410 V1 Control: Heidenhain CNCPilot 4290 Year: 2003 Working hours: 11.080 h SPECIFICATIONS Max. swing over slide: 365 mm Turningdiameter: 420 mm Ljdpfx Aez Dkt Rebyohn Bar capacity: 67 mm Max. turning length: 600 mm Spindle speeds: 25 - 5.000 rpm Spindle power: 28 / 21 kW Travel X-Axis: 250 mm Z-Axis: 600 mm Tool capacity: 12 Tool: VDI 30 Tailstock Equipment Chip conveyor

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 2,900 h, table length: 1,400 mm, table width: 560 mm, feed length X-axis: 1,100 mm, feed length Y-axis: 560 mm, feed length Z-axis: 510 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, The machine is in very good condition and was purchased new from DMG Pleszew. It was bought to carry out an EU-funded project, as we specialize in building prototypes and are not a company involved in mass production. The machine is in 100% working order. It can be inspected on-site, and tests can be performed, along with training on its operation. We are selling the machine because we have two units and want to replace one with a 5-axis machine. Lhodpfx Aeq E Ivpsbyon Additionally included in the package: - Renishaw measuring probes for parts and tools - Precision vice (jaws 150mm), length 350 mm - 8 tool sets with SK40 tool holders Operating hours: 2900 h Control system: Heidenhain TNC 620 The machine is ready for operation. In August, the set of wipers and a package of basic consumables such as filters and belts were replaced. Price negotiable.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, punching force: 31 t, travel distance X-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,525 mm, overall weight: 21,000 kg, table load: 160 kg, controller manufacturer: FANUC, number of axes: 2, This AMADA EMZ 3610 NT CNC punching machine was manufactured in 2011. It features a Fanuc control system, a punching force of 300kN, and a working area of 2500 x 1525 mm, extendable to 5000 x 1525 mm with repositioning. The machine can handle sheet thicknesses up to 4.5 mm and supports a maximum table load of 160 kg. If you are looking to get high-quality punching capabilities, consider the AMADA EMZ 3610 NT machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. • Working area with repositioning: 5000 x 1525 mm • Max. sheet thickness: 4,5 mm (mild steel) • Feed rate X/Y: 100 / 80 m/min (128 m/min simultaneous) • Positioning tolerance: +/- 0,1 mm • Z-turret stations: 45 • AutoIndex stations: 4 (2 x B, 2 x C) • Turret feed rate: 30 1/min • Max. number of hits: 1000/min • Machine frame: Bridge frame • Punching drive: Servo-electric Twin Drive • Drives (turret + table): AC-Servo motors • Clamps: Pneumatical • Electrical connection: 400V / 50Hz • Electrical consumption: 1 kW – 7 kW • Air consumption (machine): 250 l/min • Air consumption (Air Jet Vakuum): 250 l/min Lodpfxjx D Hpqe Abyjhn Additional equipment • Loading unit: Loader L III 300 • Sheet size min.: 1000 x 300 mm • Sheet size max.: 3000 x 1500 mm • Material thickness: 0,5 – 8,0 mm • Max. loading weight: 300 kg • Max. stack height: 300 mm • Max. pallet weight: 4000 kg (2x2000 kg) • Max. feed rate (traverse): 70 m/min • Number of suction cups: 34 pieces • Double sheet control: Yes, with sheet thickness detector • Air consumption: 510 l/min, 6 bar inlet pressure • Electrical connection: 400V • Unloading unit with Parts Remover: PR 3 UL 300 P • Part size min./max.: 150 x 150 mm / 2500 x 1000 mm • Sheet thickness: 0,5 – 3,0 mm (4 mm for EM-Serie) • Max. part weight: 50 kg • Storage table size: 3400 x 1400 mm • Max. part size for unloading clamps: 3000 x 1500 mm • Max. stack height skeleton table: 450 mm • Max. weight skeleton table: 2000 kg • Max. stack height storage table: 450 mm • Max. weight storage table: 4000 kg • Max. feed rate X-/Y-direction: 180 / 90 m/min • Air consumption: 1000 l/min, 6 bar inlet pressure • Electrical connection: 400V

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 160 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 450 mm, overall weight: 3,950 kg, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: 840D Powerline, number of slots in tool magazine: 12, number of axes: 2, Horizontal turning machine manufactured in 2006. This DMG GILDEMEISTER CTX 310 features a maximum spindle speed of 6000 rpm and a tool turret with 12 stations. With a power capacity of 24 kVA, this machine is designed for efficient performance. If you are looking to get high-quality turning capabilities, consider the DMG GILDEMEISTER CTX 310 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. - Total Power On Hours (Counter 1): 21887.4 h- Spindle/Run Hours (Counter 2): 11066.2 h- Power Capacity: 24 kVA- Max Current: 35 A (Jn max) / 38 A- Voltage: 400 V- Frequency: 50/60 Hz- Control Voltage: 24 V Lsdezh E Akepfx Abyohn Technical Specification Counter Spindle No Driven Tools Yes

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 62,569 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 00410001121, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, overall weight: 5,695 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, We are offering this used DMG CTX beta 500 V6 CNC turning and milling center, year of manufacture 2010. Serial number: 00410001121 Year of manufacture: 2010 Max. main spindle speed: 5000 rpm Max. counter spindle speed: 6000 rpm Weight: 5695 kg If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us. Lhodpezv Tbqofx Abyjn

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, controller manufacturer: Amada, FOR SALE: Amada HPF 100-3 CNC Hydraulic Press Brake Amada HPF 100-3 – Reliable CNC Press Brake for Heavy-Duty Sheet Metal Work We are offering a used Amada HPF 100-3 CNC hydraulic press brake in [good / fully operational] condition. This is a well-established machine from one of the world’s leading manufacturers of sheet metal machinery, ideal for a wide range of industrial bending operations. Key Specifications - Pressing force: 100 tonnes (1,000 kN) - Maximum bending length: 3,100 mm - Distance between frames: 2,700 mm - Stroke length: 200 mm - Throat depth: 420 mm - Open height: 470 mm - CNC control: Amada Operateur / OP 2000 - Number of axes: 7 (Y1, Y2, X, R, Z1, Z2 + crowning) - Motor power: 9–11 kW - Approximate machine weight: 6,750 kg Machine Details - Year of manufacture: 2002 - Condition: Good! Lhedey Hf Tpopfx Abyen - Tooling included Why Buy This Machine? The Amada HPF 100-3 is a robust and precise hydraulic press brake engineered for demanding, high-volume production environments. The Amada CNC control simplifies the programming and storage of complex bending sequences, making it ideal for both batch and repeat production. With a bending length of 3,100 mm and a capacity of 100 tonnes, it covers the majority of industrial sheet metal forming requirements.